Assessment of the association of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of cervical cancer: A case-control study and meta-analysis

The development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in three members of the same family: a case report

Background

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and cause of cancer-related death among women globally. Familial cases of cervical cancer highlight the potential role of genetic factors in its development. This study aims to present a clinical case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) affecting a woman and her two daughters.

Case description

This report describes a familial case involving three patients diagnosed with cervical lesions: (1) Patient A: A 27-year-old woman presented with complaints of postcoital bleeding. She was diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, CIN3). Radiowave conization of the cervix was performed, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CIN3. (2) Patient B: A 25-year-old woman, the sister of Patient A, also presented with contact bleeding. She was similarly diagnosed with HSIL (CIN3). A radiowave conization procedure was performed successfully, with histopathological analysis confirming the diagnosis. (3) Patient C: A 52-year-old woman, the mother of Patients A and B, was diagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, CIN1) following cytological examination. She declined further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Genetic testing for all three patients revealed the presence of risk alleles associated with cervical cancer predisposition (rs10175462, rs1048943, rs4646903) and the absence of protective genotypes.

Discussion

Familial cases of CIN are rare and suggest a potential genetic predisposition to the disease. The identification of common genetic polymorphisms underscores the role of hereditary factors in cervical cancer pathogenesis. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating family history and genetic assessments into screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Conclusion

This case highlights the significant influence of genetic factors in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It underscores the need for further research to enhance strategies for early detection, prevention, and management of cervical cancer in individuals with elevated genetic risk.

Fulvic acid exhibits antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells by upregulating cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 expression

OBJECTIVE

Fulvic acid (FA), a humic substance, has various applications in agricultural (animal husbandry) and pharmaceutical industries. However, to the best of our knowledge, its antitumor effects remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of FA in ovarian cancer cells.

METHODS

To determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of FA, SK-OV-3 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells were exposed to various concentrations of FA. The effects of FA and expression of cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) on cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell assays for migration and invasion. Differentially expressed messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) were identified via Illumina ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and verified using fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CYP1A1 protein levels were measured by western blotting.

RESULTS

The IC50 values of FA for OVCAR3 and SK-OV-3 cells were 689.9 and 752.0 µg/ml, respectively. FA treatment suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In FA-treated SK-OV-3 cells, 117 mRNAs were upregulated, and 342 mRNAs were downregulated, as identified by Illumina RNA sequencing. The qRT-PCR results revealed that FA upregulated CYP1A1 expression in both cell lines. CYP1A1 overexpression mimicked the effects of FA treatment on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Furthermore, CYP1A1 knockdown alleviated these effects induced by FA treatments.

CONCLUSION

FA suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and upregulated CYP1A1 expression in SK-OV-3 and OVCAR3 cells. Our results suggest that FA demonstrates antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells through CYP1A1 regulation.

Genetic association of Interleukin-17A polymorphism in Bangladeshi patients with breast and cervical cancer: a case-control study with functional analysis

BACKGROUND

Breast and cervical cancer are the two leading cancers in terms of incidence and mortality. Previous studies reported different interleukins, including interleukin-17A (IL-17A) to be responsible for the development and progression of these malignancies. Therefore, we speculated that the variants in this gene might be associated with these cancer developments in Bangladeshi population. For evaluating the hypothesis, we investigated the association of IL-17A rs3748067 polymorphism with the susceptibility of both breast and cervical cancer.

METHODS

This case-control study was performed on 156 breast cancer patients, 156 cervical cancer patients, and 156 controls using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. The statistical software package SPSS (version 25.0) was applied for analyses. The genetic association was measured by the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A statistically significant association was considered when p-value ≤ 0.05. Functional analysis was performed using GEPIA and UALCAN databases.

RESULTS

From the calculation of the association of IL-17A rs3748067 with breast cancer, it is found that no genotype or allele showed a statistically significant association (p>0.05). On the other hand, the analysis of IL-17A rs3748067 with cervical cancer demonstrated that CT genotype showed a significant association (CT vs. CC: OR=1.79, p=0.021). In the overdominant model, CT genotype also revealed a statistically significant association with cervical cancer, which is found to be statistically significant (OR=1.84, p=0.015).

CONCLUSION

Our study summarizes that rs3748067 polymorphism in the IL-17A gene may be associated with cervical cancer but not breast cancer in Bangladeshi patients. However, we suggest studies in the future with a larger sample size.

Pathological and pharmacological functions of the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids mediated by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450s in cancers

Oxylipins have garnered increasing attention because they were consistently shown to play pathological and/or pharmacological roles in the development of multiple cancers. Oxylipins are the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids via both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The enzymes mediating the metabolism of PUFAs include but not limited to lipoxygenases (LOXs), cyclooxygenases (COXs), and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathways, as well as the down-stream enzymes. Here, we systematically summarized the pleiotropic effects of oxylipins in different cancers through pathological and pharmacological aspects, with specific reference to the enzyme-mediated oxylipins. We discussed the specific roles of oxylipins on cancer onset, growth, invasion, and metastasis, as well as the expression changes in the associated metabolic enzymes and the associated underlying mechanisms. In addition, we also discussed the clinical application and potential of oxylipins and related metabolic enzymes as the targets for cancer prevention and treatment. We found the specific function of most oxylipins in cancers, especially the underlying mechanisms and clinic applications, deserves and needs further investigation. We believe that research on oxylipins will provide not only more therapeutic targets for various cancers but also dietary guidance for both cancer patients and healthy humans.