Cymodocea serrulata-capped silver nanoparticles for battling human lung cancer, breast cancer, hepatic cancer: Optimization by full factorial design and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation

PVA/chitosan biofilms enriched with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and tea tree oil: Towards multifunctional and environmentally friendly materials

This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and tea tree oil (TTO) (0, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) on enhancing the functional properties of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) nanobiofilms. The structural, morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physicochemical properties of the films were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical tests, thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, swelling, and water solubility studies. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of AgNPs and TTO, while SEM images revealed structural differences between silver nanoparticles synthesized using basil extract (B-AgNPs) and silver nanoparticles synthesized using bay leaf extract (BL-AgNPs), with BL-AgNPs-based films exhibiting a denser and more uniform morphology. TTO incorporation significantly influenced the dielectric properties, thermal conductivity, and water absorption behavior of the films, reducing their swelling ratio and enhancing their hydrophobicity. The biodegradation results demonstrated that the films containing 3 wt% TTO exhibited the highest degradation rates (up to 62.90 % after 21 days), indicating enhanced environmental sustainability. Research indicates that PVA/CS biofilms doped with TTO and enhanced with AgNPs, produced using eco-friendly techniques, show great promise as biodegradable substitutes for food packaging and wound dressing applications.

A comprehensive review on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine sources

The primary purpose of this review is to explore the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) using natural biomolecules derived from marine sources. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of environmentally friendly approaches for synthesizing AgNPs and to examine their potential applications across various fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and environmental remediation. The key research question focuses on understanding how marine biomolecules, including polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, amino acids, alkaloids, and vitamins, contribute to the formation of AgNPs and how these green-synthesized nanoparticles retain their functional properties. This review systematically examines current literature on the green synthesis of AgNPs, focusing on marine-derived biomolecules such as polysaccharides, proteins, and alkaloids. The methodology includes analyzing green synthesis techniques and comparing them with traditional chemical methods to highlight environmental benefits and overall efficiency. Various marine species, such as seagrass and seaweed, are explored as potent agents in the reduction of silver ions. The findings reveal that green synthesis of AgNPs using marine biomolecules is not only environmentally sustainable but also retains the desirable properties of the nanoparticles, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Additionally, the green-synthesized AgNPs show significant potential applications in mosquito control, wound healing, and anticancer therapies. Green synthesis of AgNPs using marine sources presents a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical methods, significantly reducing the environmental impact of nanoparticle production while ensuring biocompatibility and functional integrity. This approach holds promise for diverse applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, and beyond. Further research is recommended to address challenges in scaling up production and commercialization.

Application of quality by design in optimization of nanoformulations: Principle, perspectives and practices

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NDDS) based nanoformulations have emerged as promising drug delivery systems. Various NDDS-based formulations have been reported such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), nanoliposomes, solid lipid NPs, nanocapsules, liposomes, self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems, pro liposomes, nanospheres, microemulsion, nanoemulsion, gold NPs, silver NPs and nanostructured lipid carrier. They have shown numerous advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, aqueous solubility, permeability, controlled release profile, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. This advantage of NDDS can help to deliver pure drugs to the target site. However, the formulation of nanoparticles is a complex process that requires optimization to ensure product quality and efficacy. Quality by Design (QbD) is a systemic approach that has been implemented in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the quality and reliability of drug products. QbD involves the optimization of different parameters like zeta potential (ZP), particle size (PS), entrapment efficiency (EE), polydispersity index (PDI), and drug release using statistical experimental design. The present article discussed the detailed role of QbD in optimizing nanoformulations and their advantages, advancement, and applications from the industrial perspective. Various case studies of QbD in the optimization of nanoformulations are also discussed.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Cymodocea Serrulata Leaf Extract and Their Biological Activities

Introduction The utilization of Cymodocea serrulata for the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, which contain distinguishable nanostructures, presents a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative for producing zinc nanoparticles. The production process of zinc nanoparticles are rich in phytochemicals, which can serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. Zinc nanoparticles can easily pass through bacterial cell walls and reach all cellular components. C. serrulata, is a small submerged angiosperm commonly found in submerged and tidal coastal environments. Aim Analysis of the biological activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles made from C. serrulata leaf extract. Materials and Methods Dry leaves of C. serrulata were ground into a powder, which was then placed into a conical flask and filled with water. Subsequently, the color of the mixture turned black. Next, a 20 mm piece of ZnO was dissolved in a 60 ml sample of distilled water to prepare the metal solution. Following this, a wavelength scan ranging from 200 to 700 nm was conducted using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. After shaking the solution for an hour, a final reading was taken across the UV spectrum. The synthetic sample should also be centrifuged to remove any pellets and subsequently dried in a hot air oven. Result Using nanoscale profiling, the average particle size was measured and found to be less than 100 nm, specifically UV spectrum analysis revealed a notable absorbance value of 47.0 nm, at different angles within the peak height. The wavelength range of the zinc nanoparticles was observed to be between 250 and 350 nm. Conclusion The antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs have been demonstrated through in vitro investigations, indicating their potential application in in vivo studies.