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Huang B, Yu Z, Cui D, Du F. MAPKAP1 orchestrates macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism in fatty liver-enhanced colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101941. [PMID: 38692197 PMCID: PMC11070763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Various factors, including fatty liver and macrophage alterations, influence colorectal cancer (CRC). This study explores the mechanistic role of fatty liver in CRC progression, focusing on macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism. A murine fatty liver model was created with a high-fat diet (HFD), and CRC was induced using AOM and DSS. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified MAPKAP1 as a critical gene promoting CRC via M2 macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism reprogramming. Prognosis analysis on the TCGA-CRC dataset confirmed MAPKAP1's significance. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that EVs from fatty liver cells enhanced MAPKAP1 expression, accelerating CRC development and metastasis. HFD exacerbated CRC, but fatty acid inhibitors delayed progression. Fatty liver upregulates MAPKAP1, driving M2 macrophage polarization and lipid metabolism changes, worsening CRC. These findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for CRC, particularly targeting lipid metabolism and macrophage-mediated tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Department of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guimedical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenqiu Yu
- Department of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guimedical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China.
| | - Dejun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, PR China.
| | - Fawang Du
- Department of Hypertension, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28, Guimedical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
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Ertl I, Shariat SF, Berger W, Englinger B. Preclinical models for bladder cancer therapy research. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:244-250. [PMID: 38630912 PMCID: PMC11155278 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bladder cancer (BC) is a highly heterogenous disease comprising tumours of various molecular subtypes and histologic variants. This heterogeneity represents a major challenge for the development of novel therapeutics. Preclinical models that closely mimic in vivo tumours and reflect their diverse biology are indispensable for the identification of therapies with specific activity in various BC subtypes. In this review, we summarize efforts and progress made in this context during the last 24 months. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, one main focus was laid on the development of patient-derived BC models. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were demonstrated to widely recapitulate the molecular and histopathological characteristics, as well as the drug response profiles of the corresponding tumours of origin. These models, thus, represent promising tools for drug development and personalized medicine. Besides PDXs, syngenic in vivo models are of growing importance. Since these models are generated using immunocompetent hosts, they can, amongst others, be used to develop novel immunotherapeutics and to evaluate the impact of the immune system on drug response and resistance. SUMMARY In the past two years, various in vivo and in vitro models closely recapitulating the biology and heterogeneity of human bladder tumours were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ertl
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prag, Czech Republic
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Evidence Medicine, Urology Department Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard Englinger
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Matye D, Leak J, Woolbright BL, Taylor JA. Preclinical models of bladder cancer: BBN and beyond. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00885-9. [PMID: 38769130 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical modelling is a crucial component of advancing the understanding of cancer biology and therapeutic development. Several models exist for understanding the pathobiology of bladder cancer and evaluating therapeutics. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer is a commonly used model that recapitulates many of the features of human disease. Particularly in mice, BBN is a preferred laboratory model owing to a high level of reproducibility, high genetic fidelity to the human condition, and its relative ease of use. However, important aspects of the model are often overlooked in laboratory studies. Moreover, the advent of new models has yielded a variety of methodologies that complement the use of BBN. Toxicokinetics, histopathology, molecular genetics and sex can differ between available models and are important factors to consider in bladder cancer modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matye
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Juliann Leak
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Kdimati S, Bürtin F, Linnebacher M, Mullins CS. Patient-Derived Organoids for In Vivo Validation of In Vitro Data. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2589:111-126. [PMID: 36255621 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2788-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids are promising tumor models for functional validation of next-generation sequencing-based therapy recommendations. In times of rapidly advancing precision oncology approaches in everyday clinical processes, reliable and valid tumor models are required. Tumor organoids consist of tumor "stem" cells, differentiated (epithelial) tumor, and stroma cells. The cellular architecture and interactions closely mimic the original patient tumor. These organoids can be implanted into immunodeficient mice, generating patient-derived organoid-derived xenografts, thus enabling in vitro to in vivo transfer. Most importantly, the high clinical relevance of PDO models is maintained in this conversion. This protocol describes in detail the methods and techniques as well as the materials necessary to generate in vitro PDO and in vivo PDO-derived xenograft models. The elaborate process description starts with the processing of freshly obtained tumor tissue. The proceedings include tissue processing, organoid culturing, PDO implantation into immunodeficient mice, tumor explantation, and finally tumor preservation. All these proceedings are described in this timely chronological order. This protocol will enable researchers to generate PDO models from freshly received tumor tissue and generate PDO-derived xenografts. Models generated according to these methods are suitable for a very broad research spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Kdimati
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Bürtin
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Department of General Surgery, Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Rostock, Germany
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Chen W, Liu N, Yuan Y, Zhu M, Hu X, Hu W, Wang S, Wang C, Huang B, Xing D. ALT-803 in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Preclinical and clinical evidence and translational potential. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040669. [PMID: 36439125 PMCID: PMC9684637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors that cause death. Approximately 75%–85% of BCa develop into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard for avoiding cystectomy in the treatment of NMIBC. Unfortunately, up to 30% of patients do not respond to BCG treatment, and up to 70% of BCG responders relapse. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved valrubicin (1998) and pembrolizumab (2020) for the treatment of BCG-unresponsive (BCGu) NMBIC. However, the complete remission rate for valrubicin and pembrolizumab was only 16% and 40.6%, respectively. ALT-803 (N-803) is an IL-15 superagonist and reduces tumor burden by promoting the proliferation and activation of NK cells and CD8+ T cells. The FDA received (23 May 2022) and accepted to review (28 July 2022) the marketing submission of ALT-803 plus BCG for the treatment of BCGu NMIBC. However, the FDA previously rejected the application for oportuzumab monatox (OM) due to a lack of data comparing it with pembrolizumab on August 20, 2021. Interestingly, the clinical efficacy and safety of ALT-803 were higher than that of pembrolizumab and OM, suggesting that ALT-803 may be approved by FDA. This review aims to further knowledge of the preclinical and clinical evidence of ALT-803 in the treatment of NMIBC and discuss its translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Interventional Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Binghuan Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Binghuan Huang, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Binghuan Huang, ; Dongming Xing,
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Xu D, Wang L, Wieczorek K, Wang Y, Zhang X, Goodrich DW, Li Q. Ex Vivo Organoid Model of Adenovirus-Cre Mediated Gene Deletions in Mouse Urothelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63855. [PMID: 35604166 PMCID: PMC9768623 DOI: 10.3791/63855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is an understudied area, particularly in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Inbred GEMMs with tissue-specific Cre and loxP sites have been the gold standards for conditional or inducible gene targeting. To provide faster and more efficient experimental models, an ex vivo organoid culture system is developed using adenovirus Cre and normal urothelial cells carrying multiple loxP alleles of the tumor suppressors Trp53, Pten, and Rb1. Normal urothelial cells are enzymatically disassociated from four bladders of triple floxed mice (Trp53f/f: Ptenf/f: Rb1f/f). The urothelial cells are transduced ex vivo with adenovirus-Cre driven by a CMV promoter (Ad5CMVCre). The transduced bladder organoids are cultured, propagated, and characterized in vitro and in vivo. PCR is used to confirm gene deletions in Trp53, Pten, and Rb1. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of organoids demonstrates positive expression of urothelial lineage markers (CK5 and p63). The organoids are injected subcutaneously into host mice for tumor expansion and serial passages. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of xenografts exhibits positive expression of CK7, CK5, and p63 and negative expression of CK8 and Uroplakin 3. In summary, adenovirus-mediated gene deletion from mouse urothelial cells engineered with loxP sites is an efficient method to rapidly test the tumorigenic potential of defined genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Kyle Wieczorek
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center;
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Galateanu B, Hudita A, Biru EI, Iovu H, Zaharia C, Simsensohn E, Costache M, Petca RC, Jinga V. Applications of Polymers for Organ-on-Chip Technology in Urology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1668. [PMID: 35566836 PMCID: PMC9105302 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-chips (OOCs) are microfluidic devices used for creating physiological organ biomimetic systems. OOC technology brings numerous advantages in the current landscape of preclinical models, capable of recapitulating the multicellular assemblage, tissue-tissue interaction, and replicating numerous human pathologies. Moreover, in cancer research, OOCs emulate the 3D hierarchical complexity of in vivo tumors and mimic the tumor microenvironment, being a practical cost-efficient solution for tumor-growth investigation and anticancer drug screening. OOCs are compact and easy-to-use microphysiological functional units that recapitulate the native function and the mechanical strain that the cells experience in the human bodies, allowing the development of a wide range of applications such as disease modeling or even the development of diagnostic devices. In this context, the current work aims to review the scientific literature in the field of microfluidic devices designed for urology applications in terms of OOC fabrication (principles of manufacture and materials used), development of kidney-on-chip models for drug-toxicity screening and kidney tumors modeling, bladder-on-chip models for urinary tract infections and bladder cancer modeling and prostate-on-chip models for prostate cancer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Iuliana Biru
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (H.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Horia Iovu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (H.I.); (C.Z.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, 50044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Zaharia
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (H.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Eliza Simsensohn
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.S.); (R.-C.P.); (V.J.)
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (B.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.S.); (R.-C.P.); (V.J.)
| | - Viorel Jinga
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (E.S.); (R.-C.P.); (V.J.)
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