1
|
Silvetti MS, Porco L, Campisi M, Pazzano V, Tamburri I, Saputo FA, Silvetti G, Ravà L, Drago F. Transvenous lead advancement in pediatric pacing to overcome growth-induced lead straightening and stretching. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 47:635-641. [PMID: 38552167 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stretching of the lead caused by somatic growth may lead to complications (dislodgement, fracture, failure) of transvenous leads implanted in pediatric patients. Atrial loop and absorbable ligatures may prevent it. Periodical lead advancement with lead pushing from the pocket may be an option to growth-induced stretching. Our aim was to analyze retrospectively the outcome of periodical transvenous lead advancement in children with pacemaker (PM). METHODS A procedure of lead advancement was performed in patients with a single-chamber PM implanted for isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction with growth-induced lead straightening/stretching. The PM pocket was opened, the lead was released from subcutaneous adherences and was gently advanced to shape again a loop/semi-loop in the atrium without dislodging the tip. Lead data (threshold, sensing, impedance) were compared before and after the procedure. Data are described as median (25th-75th centiles). RESULTS 14 patients with 13 VVIR and 1 AAIR PM implanted at 6.8 (5.9-8.0) years of age, 23 (19-26) kg, 118 (108-124) cm, underwent 30 advancement procedures, 1.5 (1.0-2.3) per patient, during follow-up [45 (35-63) months]. Delta between procedures was: 18 (14-25) months, 11 (7-13) cm, 6 (4-9) kg; 90% of leads were successfully advanced without complications. Three unsuccessful procedures occurred with longer times [30 (14-37) months]. Electrical lead parameters did not show significant differences pre-/post-procedures. CONCLUSION the advancement of transvenous leads in children seems safe and effective. This procedure may be another possible choice to preserve transvenous lead position and function until growth has completed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stefano Silvetti
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigina Porco
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Campisi
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pazzano
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tamburri
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Anselmo Saputo
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Silvetti
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Ravà
- Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silvetti MS, Colonna D, Gabbarini F, Porcedda G, Rimini A, D’Onofrio A, Leoni L. New Guidelines of Pediatric Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: What Is Changing in Clinical Practice? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:99. [PMID: 38667717 PMCID: PMC11050217 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Guidelines are important tools to guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients to improve the decision-making process of health professionals. They are periodically updated according to new evidence. Four new Guidelines in 2021, 2022 and 2023 referred to pediatric pacing and defibrillation. There are some relevant changes in permanent pacing. In patients with atrioventricular block, the heart rate limit in which pacemaker implantation is recommended was decreased to reduce too-early device implantation. However, it was underlined that the heart rate criterion is not absolute, as signs or symptoms of hemodynamically not tolerated bradycardia may even occur at higher rates. In sinus node dysfunction, symptomatic bradycardia is the most relevant recommendation for pacing. Physiological pacing is increasingly used and recommended when the amount of ventricular pacing is presumed to be high. New recommendations suggest that loop recorders may guide the management of inherited arrhythmia syndromes and may be useful for severe but not frequent palpitations. Regarding defibrillator implantation, the main changes are in primary prevention recommendations. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pediatric risk calculators have been included in the Guidelines. In dilated cardiomyopathy, due to the rarity of sudden cardiac death in pediatric age, low ejection fraction criteria were demoted to class II. In long QT syndrome, new criteria included severely prolonged QTc with different limits according to genotype, and some specific mutations. In arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, hemodynamically tolerated ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmic syncope were downgraded to class II recommendation. In conclusion, these new Guidelines aim to assess all aspects of cardiac implantable electronic devices and improve treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stefano Silvetti
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmia/Syncope Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Disease of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Colonna
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Gabbarini
- Paediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giulio Porcedda
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, A. Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rimini
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Antonio D’Onofrio
- Departmental Unit of Electrophysiology, Evaluation and Treatment of Arrhythmia, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Loira Leoni
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Science and Public Health, Padua University Hospital (ERN GUARD-Heart), 35121 Padua, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chung MK, Patton KK, Lau CP, Dal Forno ARJ, Al-Khatib SM, Arora V, Birgersdotter-Green UM, Cha YM, Chung EH, Cronin EM, Curtis AB, Cygankiewicz I, Dandamudi G, Dubin AM, Ensch DP, Glotzer TV, Gold MR, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorodeski EZ, Gutierrez A, Guzman JC, Huang W, Imrey PB, Indik JH, Karim S, Karpawich PP, Khaykin Y, Kiehl EL, Kron J, Kutyifa V, Link MS, Marine JE, Mullens W, Park SJ, Parkash R, Patete MF, Pathak RK, Perona CA, Rickard J, Schoenfeld MH, Seow SC, Shen WK, Shoda M, Singh JP, Slotwiner DJ, Sridhar ARM, Srivatsa UN, Stecker EC, Tanawuttiwat T, Tang WHW, Tapias CA, Tracy CM, Upadhyay GA, Varma N, Vernooy K, Vijayaraman P, Worsnick SA, Zareba W, Zeitler EP, Lopez-Cabanillas N, Ellenbogen KA, Hua W, Ikeda T, Mackall JA, Mason PK, McLeod CJ, Mela T, Moore JP, Racenet LK. 2023 HRS/APHRS/LAHRS guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:681-756. [PMID: 37799799 PMCID: PMC10549836 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac physiologic pacing (CPP), encompassing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and conduction system pacing (CSP), has emerged as a pacing therapy strategy that may mitigate or prevent the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. This clinical practice guideline is intended to provide guidance on indications for CRT for HF therapy and CPP in patients with pacemaker indications or HF, patient selection, pre-procedure evaluation and preparation, implant procedure management, follow-up evaluation and optimization of CPP response, and use in pediatric populations. Gaps in knowledge, pointing to new directions for future research, are also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugene H Chung
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne M Dubin
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
| | - Douglas P Ensch
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Taya V Glotzer
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
| | - Michael R Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | - Eiran Z Gorodeski
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
| | | | | | - Weijian Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Peter B Imrey
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Saima Karim
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Peter P Karpawich
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Yaariv Khaykin
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
| | | | - Jordana Kron
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | | | - Mark S Link
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Rajeev Kumar Pathak
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Morio Shoda
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - David J Slotwiner
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
| | | | - Uma N Srivatsa
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia M Tracy
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wojciech Zareba
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
| | | | - Nestor Lopez-Cabanillas
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Kenneth A Ellenbogen
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Wei Hua
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Judith A Mackall
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Pamela K Mason
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Christopher J McLeod
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Theofanie Mela
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Jeremy P Moore
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| | - Laurel Kay Racenet
- Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hospital SOS Cárdio Florianópolis Brazil
- Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi India
- University of California San Diego Health La Jolla California USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester Rochester Minnesota USA
- University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Medical University of Łódź, Łódź Poland
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health Tacoma Washington USA
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology Palo Alto California USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine Hackensack New Jersey USA
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA
- Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute Overland Park Kansas USA
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center Tucson Arizona USA
- MetroHealth Medical Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan Central Michigan University Detroit Michigan USA
- Southlake Regional Health Center Newmarket Ontario Canada
- Sentara Norfolk Virginia USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium and Hasselt University Hasselt Belgium
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
- QEII Health Sciences Center Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Clinica Corazones Unidos Santo Domingo Dominican Republic
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Santojanni Hospital Buenos Aires Argentina
- Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Mayo Clinic Phoenix Arizona USA
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences New York New York USA
- University of California Davis Sacramento California USA
- Oregon Health & Science University Portland Oregon USA
- Indiana University Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiologia Bogotá Colombia
- George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- University of Chicago Medicine Chicago Illinois USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
- Geisinger Health System Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center New Hampshire Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silvetti MS, Ravà L, Drago F. Left ventricular endocardial activation maps during right ventricular pacing in pediatric patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:1162-1169. [PMID: 37614072 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac pacing from right ventricular (RV) sites may cause electromechanical ventricular dyssynchrony. Invasive and noninvasive mapping studies showed left ventricular (LV) activation sequence in adults. Aim of this study was to seek out the LV endocardial activation (LVEA) in pediatric patients who underwent RV pacing. METHODS Single-center, prospective study conducted on pediatric patients who underwent left sided catheter ablation of accessory pathways with the Carto Univu mapping system. After successful ablation procedures, LVEA was recorded by the ablation catheter during sinus rhythm (SR) and during para-hisian (PHP), midseptum (MSP), and apical (RVAP) pacing. RESULTS Seventeen patients, 13 males, aged 12 (10-15) years, registered LV activation maps and times (LVAT). SR showed significantly shorter LVAT than during pacing. LVAT of PHP was shorter than MSP, while there were not significant differences among PHP and MSP versus RVAP. In SR initial LV endocardial activation occurred in two midseptum sites, inferior-posterior and superior-anterior. During PHP, initial activation occurred at parahisian basal septum, rapidly followed by midseptum as in SR. During MSP and RVAP initial activation occurred at midseptum and apex, respectively. From all initial sites, the excitation spreads toward the base of the lateral LV free wall. A mild linear correlation was found between QRS duration and LVAT for MSP and for PHP. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric patients LVEA maps during RV pacing showed that the shortest LVAT was obtained with PHP. The LV activation pattern seemed similar in sinus rhythm, PHP and MSP, from midseptum to LV lateral base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stefano Silvetti
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucilla Ravà
- Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chung MK, Patton KK, Lau CP, Dal Forno ARJ, Al-Khatib SM, Arora V, Birgersdotter-Green UM, Cha YM, Chung EH, Cronin EM, Curtis AB, Cygankiewicz I, Dandamudi G, Dubin AM, Ensch DP, Glotzer TV, Gold MR, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorodeski EZ, Gutierrez A, Guzman JC, Huang W, Imrey PB, Indik JH, Karim S, Karpawich PP, Khaykin Y, Kiehl EL, Kron J, Kutyifa V, Link MS, Marine JE, Mullens W, Park SJ, Parkash R, Patete MF, Pathak RK, Perona CA, Rickard J, Schoenfeld MH, Seow SC, Shen WK, Shoda M, Singh JP, Slotwiner DJ, Sridhar ARM, Srivatsa UN, Stecker EC, Tanawuttiwat T, Tang WHW, Tapias CA, Tracy CM, Upadhyay GA, Varma N, Vernooy K, Vijayaraman P, Worsnick SA, Zareba W, Zeitler EP. 2023 HRS/APHRS/LAHRS guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:e17-e91. [PMID: 37283271 PMCID: PMC11062890 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.03.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac physiologic pacing (CPP), encompassing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and conduction system pacing (CSP), has emerged as a pacing therapy strategy that may mitigate or prevent the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. This clinical practice guideline is intended to provide guidance on indications for CRT for HF therapy and CPP in patients with pacemaker indications or HF, patient selection, pre-procedure evaluation and preparation, implant procedure management, follow-up evaluation and optimization of CPP response, and use in pediatric populations. Gaps in knowledge, pointing to new directions for future research, are also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugene H Chung
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne M Dubin
- Stanford University, Pediatric Cardiology, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Taya V Glotzer
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Michael R Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Eiran Z Gorodeski
- University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - Weijian Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter B Imrey
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Saima Karim
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter P Karpawich
- The Children's Hospital of Michigan, Central Michigan University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yaariv Khaykin
- Southlake Regional Health Center, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jordana Kron
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Mark S Link
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wilfried Mullens
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk, Belgium and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratika Parkash
- QEII Health Sciences Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar Pathak
- Australian National University, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Morio Shoda
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Slotwiner
- Weill Cornell Medicine Population Health Sciences, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia M Tracy
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
To go left or right? Driving towards the best direction in paediatric pacing. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:760-765. [PMID: 35673795 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent pacing in children with isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block may cause left ventricular dysfunction. To prevent it, alternative pacing sites have been proposed: left ventricular epicardial or selective right ventricular endocardial pacing. AIMS To compare the functional outcome (left ventricular systolic function and synchrony) in paediatric patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block and left ventricular apical epicardial or right ventricular transvenous mid-septal pacing. METHODS Retrospective study. Epicardial leads were implanted by standard surgical technique, transvenous leads by 3D electroanatomic mapping systems. 3D mapping acquired 3D right ventricular local pacing map and defined the narrowest paced QRS site. 3D mapping guided screw-in bipolar leads on that ventricular site. Electrocardiogram (ECG) (QRS duration) and echocardiographic data (synchrony: interventricular mechanical delay, septal to posterior wall motion delay, systolic dyssynchrony index; contractility: global longitudinal strain, ejection fraction) were recorded. Data are reported as median [interquartile ranges]. p < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS There were 19 transvenous systems (age 8.8 [6-14] years; right ventricular mid-septum) and 17 epicardial systems (0.04 [0.001-0.6] years; left ventricular apex). Post-implantation QRS significantly widened either in endocardial or in epicardial patients. Most patients reached 4-year follow-up. One-year and 4-year ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were mostly within normal limits and did not show significant differences between the two groups and between the same endocardial/epicardial group. Synchrony parameters were within normal limits in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Left ventricular apical epicardial pacing and 3D mapping-guided right ventricular mid-septal pacing preserved left ventricular contractility and synchrony in children and adolescents with congenital complete atrioventricular block at short-/mid-term follow-up, without relevant significant differences between the two groups.
Collapse
|