Development of a health-related lifestyle self-management intervention for patients with coronary heart disease

Information Needs and Communication Strategies for People with Coronary Heart Disease: A Scoping Review

A critical aspect of coronary heart disease (CHD) care and secondary prevention is ensuring patients have access to evidence-based information. The purpose of this review is to summarise the guiding principles, content, context and timing of information and education that is beneficial for supporting people with CHD and potential communication strategies, including digital interventions. We conducted a scoping review involving a search of four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline) for articles published from January 2000 to August 2022. Literature was identified through title and abstract screening by expert reviewers. Evidence was synthesised according to the review aims. Results demonstrated that information-sharing, decision-making, goal-setting, positivity and practicality are important aspects of secondary prevention and should be patient-centred and evidenced based with consideration of patient need and preference. Initiation and duration of education is highly variable between and within people, hence communication and support should be regular and ongoing. In conclusion, text messaging programs, smartphone applications and wearable devices are examples of digital health strategies that facilitate education and support for patients with heart disease. There is no one size fits all approach that suits all patients at all stages, hence flexibility and a suite of resources and strategies is optimal.

Predictive model for quality of life in patients with recurrent coronary artery disease

Background:

The aims of this study were to construct and verify a model that explains the quality of life in patients with recurrent coronary artery disease.

Methods:

Participants were 212 patients with recurrent coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 21 December 2016–30 April 2017, and were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0.

Results:

The model’s fit indices were adequate. Type D personality, symptom experience, and resilience had a direct effect on quality of life, while type D personality, cardiac function status, social support, and resilience had an indirect effect on quality of life. Type D personality, cardiac function status, social support, symptom experience, and resilience explained 55% of the total variance in quality of life. Thus, type D personality, cardiac function status, social support, symptom experience, and resilience affected the quality of life in patients with recurrent coronary artery disease.

Conclusions:

Systematic and integrated intervention programs considering factors related to quality of life may be useful for improving quality of life for patients with recurrent coronary artery disease.

Development of the SALdável programme to reduce salt intake among hypertensive Brazilian women: an intervention mapping approach

BACKGROUND

Despite strong evidence for a relationship between high salt intake and hypertension, plus the widespread recommendations for dietary salt restriction among hypertensive subjects, there are no nursing studies describing effective theory-based interventions.

AIM

To describe a systematic process for development of a theory-based nursing intervention that is aimed at reducing salt intake among hypertensive women, by applying the 'intervention mapping' protocol.

METHODS

We developed our intervention following the six steps of the 'intervention mapping' protocol: assessing needs, creating a matrix of change objectives, selecting theoretical methods and practical applications, defining the intervention programme, organizing the adoption and implementation plan, and defining the evaluation plan.

RESULTS

Addition of salt during cooking is identified as the main source for salt consumption, plus women are identified as the people responsible for cooking meals at home. In our study, the motivational predictors of this behaviour were self-efficacy and habit. Guided practice, verbal persuasion, coping barriers, consciousness-raising and counter-conditioning were the theoretical methods we selected for enhancing self-efficacy and promoting habit change, respectively. Brainstorming, role-playing, cookbook use, measuring spoon use, label reading, hands-on skill-building activities and reinforcement phone calls were the chosen practical applications. We designed our intervention programme, and then organized the adoption and implementation plans. Finally, we generated a plan to evaluate our intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

'Intervention mapping' was a feasible methodological framework to guide the development of a theory-based nursing intervention for dietary salt reduction among hypertensive women.