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Choi EJ, Baek IC, Park S, Kim HJ, Kim TG. Development of cost-effective and fast KIR genotyping by multiplex PCR-SSP. HLA 2024; 103:e15191. [PMID: 37688498 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) control natural killer (NK) cell functions by recognizing HLA molecules and modulating the activity of NK cells. The KIR gene cluster contains polymorphic and highly homologous genes. Diversity of the KIR region is achieved through differences in gene content, allelic polymorphism, and gene copy number, which result in unrelated individuals having different KIR genotypes and individualized immune responses that are relevant to multiple aspects of human health and disease. Therefore, KIR genotyping is increasingly used in epidemiological studies. Here, we developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) to compensate for the shortcomings of the conventional PCR-SSP method, which is most commonly used for KIR analysis. Multiplex PCR-SSP method involves six multiplex reactions that detect 16 KIR genes and distinguish variant types of some KIR genes by adding two reactions. The assay was evaluated in a blind survey using a panel of 40 reference DNA standards from the UCLA KIR Exchange Program. The results are 100% concordant with the genotype determined using Luminex-based reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide typing systems. Additionally, we investigated the currently known 16 KIR genes and their common variants in 120 unrelated Korean individuals. The results were consistent with the KIR genotype previously reported by Hwang et al. This multiplex PCR-SSP is an efficient method for analyzing KIR genotypes in both small- and large-scale studies with minimal labor, reagents, and DNA. Furthermore, by providing a better definition of KIR polymorphisms it can contribute to developments in immunogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Choi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ameen R, Titus R, Geo JA, Al Shemmari S, Geraghty DE, Pyo CW, Askar M. KIR genotype and haplotype repertoire in Kuwaiti healthy donors, hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and healthy family members. HLA 2023; 102:179-191. [PMID: 36960942 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The gene complex located on chromosome 19q13.4 encodes the Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs), which exhibit remarkable polymorphism in both gene content and sequences. Further, the repertoire of KIR genes varies within and between populations, creating a diverse pool of KIR genotypes. This study was carried out to characterize KIR genotypes and haplotypes among 379 Arab Kuwaiti individuals including 60 subjects from 20 trio families, 49 hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients and 270 healthy Kuwaiti volunteer HCT donors. KIR Genotyping was performed by a combination of reverse sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (rSSO) and/or Real Time PCR. The frequencies of KIR genes in 270 healthy Kuwaiti volunteer donors were compared to previously reported frequencies in other populations. In addition, we compared the differences in KIR repertoire of patients and healthy donors to investigate the reproducibility of previously reported significant differences between patients with hematological malignancies and healthy donors. The observed frequencies in our cohort volunteer HCT donors was comparable to those reported in neighboring Arab populations. The activating genes KIR2DS1, KIR2DS5 and KIR3DS1 and the inhibitory gene KIR2DL5 were significantly more frequent in patients compared to healthy donors, however, none of the previously reported differences were reproducible in our Kuwaiti cohort. This report is the first description of KIR gene carrier frequency and haplotype characterization in a fairly large cohort of the Kuwaiti population, which may have implications in KIR based HCT donor selection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ameen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Roshni Titus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Jeethu Anu Geo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Salem Al Shemmari
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Medhat Askar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Choi H, Baek IC, Park SA, Park JS, Jeun SS, Kim TG, Ahn S. Polymorphisms of Killer Ig-like Receptors and the Risk of Glioblastoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4780. [PMID: 37510895 PMCID: PMC10380963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune responses of natural killer (NK) cells against cancer cells vary by patient. Killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which are some of the major receptors involved in regulating NK cell activity for killing cancer cells, have significant genetic variation. Numerous studies have suggested a potential association between the genetic variation of KIR genes and the risk of development or prognosis of various cancer types. However, an association between genetic variations of KIR genes and glioblastoma (GB) remains uncertain. We sought to evaluate the association of genetic variations of KIRs and their ligand genes with the risk of GB development in Koreans. METHODS A case-control study was performed to identify the odds ratios (ORs) of KIR genes and Classes A, B, and, C of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) for GB. The GB group was comprised of 77 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype GB at our institution, and the control group consisted of 200 healthy Korean volunteers. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the frequency of KIR genes and KIR haplotypes between the GB and control groups. Genetic variations of KIR-2DL1, 3DL1, and 3DS1 with their ligand genes (HLA-C2, HLA-Bw4/6, and Bw4, respectively) had effects on the risk of GB in Korean patients. The frequency of KIR-2DL1 with HLA-C2 (OR 2.05, CI 1.19-3.52, p = 0.009), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 without HLA-Bw4 (80I) (OR 8.36, CI 4.06-17.18, p < 0.001), and the frequency of KIR-3DL1 with Bw6 (OR 4.54, CI 2.55-8.09, p < 0.001) in the GB group were higher than in the control group. In addition, the frequency of KIR-2DL1 without HLA-C2 (OR 0.44, CI 0.26-0.75, p = 0.003), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 with HLA-Bw4 (80T) (OR 0.13, CI 0.06-0.27, p < 0.001), the frequency of KIR-3DL1 without Bw6 (OR 0.27, CI 0.15-0.49, p < 0.001), and the frequency of KIR-3DS1 with Bw4 (80I) (OR 0.03, CI 0.00-0.50, p < 0.001) in the GB group were lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that genetic variations of KIRs and their ligand genes may affect GB development in the Korean population. Further investigations are needed to demonstrate the different immune responses for GB cells according to genetic variations of KIR genes and their ligand genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyoun Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Gowdavally S, Tsamadou C, Platzbecker U, Sala E, Valerius T, Klein S, Kröger N, Wulf G, Einsele H, Thurner L, Schaefer-Eckart K, Freitag S, Casper J, Dürholt M, Kaufmann M, Hertenstein B, Ringhoffer M, Schmeller S, Neuchel C, Rode I, Amann EM, Richter A, Schrezenmeier H, Mytilineos J, Fuerst D. KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D in KIR-AA genotype donors showed differential survival impact in patients with lymphoid disease after HLA-matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2023:S2666-6367(23)01236-8. [PMID: 37150297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies illustrated associations between presence of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and lower susceptibility to hematologic malignancies in humans. In addition, favorable hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) outcomes were reported in patients, who received transplants from donors with KIR genotypes dominant for activating KIR receptors. However, the association of activating KIR genes on an allelic level with disease and their impact on HSCT outcome has been only scarcely investigated. To this end, we genotyped a large transplantation cohort for KIR two Ig domains and short cytoplasmic tail 4 (KIR2DS4) polymorphisms and investigated their association with disease. We next investigated the impact of KIR-AA genotype donor KIR2DS4 polymorphisms (AA/KIR2DS4 versus (vs.) AA/KIR1D), on clinical outcome of HSCT in patient subgroups (myeloid vs. lymphoid). Among 2810 transplant pairs, 68.8% (n=1934) were 10/10 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched and 31.2% (n=876) were 9/10 HLA-matched. The distribution of KIR one Ig domain (KIR1D) in patients vs. donors was equal (P value = 0.205). Multivariate analysis in 10/10 HLA-matched patients with lymphoid disease showed improved HSCT outcome (overall survival (OS): hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, P=0.002; disease free survival (DFS): HR 0.70, P=0.011; graft-versus-host disease free and relapse-free survival (GRFS): HR 0.67, P=0.002; non-relapse mortality (NRM): HR 0.55, P<0.001) when they received grafts from AA/KIR1D donors. This effect was not seen in either 9/10 HLA-matched patients with lymphoid disease or patients with myeloid disease. Our study indicates that the presence of KIR1D alleles is not associated with disease in patients and interestingly, using grafts from AA/KIR1D donors translated into a beneficial survival outcome in 10/10 HLA-matched patients with lymphoid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Gowdavally
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Tsamadou
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisa Sala
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Valerius
- Section for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Klein
- Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Med. Klinik III, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Wulf
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Department Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Freitag
- Department of Medicine III, Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock,Germany
| | - Jochen Casper
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Klinikum Oldenburg, University Clinic, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kaufmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology and Hematology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Mark Ringhoffer
- Medizinische Klinik III, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandra Schmeller
- DRST - German Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine Neuchel
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Immanuel Rode
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Elisa Maria Amann
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Richter
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Joannis Mytilineos
- DRST - German Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation, Ulm, Germany; ZKRD - Zentrales Knochenmarkspender-Register für Deutschland, German National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Germany
| | - Daniel Fuerst
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, and University Hospital Ulm, Germany; Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany.
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Kevin-Tey WF, Wen WX, Bee PC, Eng HS, Ho KW, Tan SM, Anuar NA, Pung YF, Zain SM. KIR genotype and haplotype frequencies in the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:172-185. [PMID: 36517321 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotype and haplotype frequencies have been reported to vary distinctly between populations, which in turn contributes to variation in the alloreactivity of natural killer (NK) cells. Utilizing the diverse KIR genes to identify suitable transplant donors would prove challenging in multi-ethnic countries, even more in resource-limited countries where KIR genotyping has not been established. In this study, we determined the KIR genotypes from 124 unrelated Malaysians consisting of the Malays, Chinese, Indians, and aboriginal people through polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) genotyping and employing an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to assign haplotypes based on pre-established reference haplotypes. A total of 27 distinct KIR haplotypes were discerned with higher frequencies of haplotype A (55.2%) than haplotype B (44.8%). The most frequent haplotypes were cA01:tA01 (55.2%), cB01:tB01 (18.1%), and cB02:tA01 (13.3%), while the least frequent haplotypes were cB03:tB01 (1.2%), cB04:tB03 (0.4%), and cB03:tA01 (0.4%). Several haplotypes were identified to be unique to a specific ethnic group. The genotype with the highest frequency was genotype AB (71.8%), followed by AA (19.4%), and BB (8.9%). The Indians exhibited the lowest genotype AA but the highest genotype BB, whereas genotype BB was absent in the aboriginal people. Despite the limitations, the genotype and haplotypes in the Malaysian population were successfully highlighted. The identification of ethnic-specific KIR genotypes and haplotypes provides the first step to utilizing KIR in identifying suitable transplant donors to further improve the transplant outcome in the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fei Kevin-Tey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Xiong Wen
- Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ping Chong Bee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Sian Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wah Ho
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sen Mui Tan
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Adila Anuar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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He M, Zheng ZZ, He QQ, Li DY, Liao KZ, An L, Weng Q, Wang NJ, Wang LP, Sun Q, Wang J, Xiao PL, Du KM, Jiang M. Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in a large, multi-centre cohort of Chinese donors. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:133-141. [PMID: 34097546 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1913223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), which mediates the killing function of NK cells, is an attractive candidate for adoptive cellular therapy. The ethnic distribution for China provides a unique opportunity to investigate KIR gene distribution. AIM The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between population history and the rapidly evolving KIR genetic diversity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 8050 Chinese donors from 184 hospitals were included to analyse frequency, haplotype, and B-content data of 16 KIR genes, by PCR-SSP for KIR genotyping. RESULTS KIR gene carrier frequencies were found similar to those observed in other studies on Han, but different from Thais, Japanese, Africans, and populations of West Eurasian ancestry. High-frequency KIR genotype profiles found in the present population were consistent with other studies on Han populations but different from those conducted on other cohorts. The majority of our cohort carried group A KIR gene motifs. Additionally, populations with similar geographic locations in China were shown clustered together, while Hainan and Xinjiang provinces were slightly separated from these. CONCLUSION The distribution of KIR genes varies by geographic region, and different ethnic groups may be a confounding factor of KIR diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Hematologic Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Qing-Qing He
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Yang Li
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kuan-Zhen Liao
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lin An
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Weng
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Juan Wang
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Li Xiao
- Shanghai Tissuebank Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Ming Du
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Hematologic Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Hematology, Urumqi, China
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Tao S, He Y, Kichula KM, Wang J, He J, Norman PJ, Zhu F. High-Resolution Analysis Identifies High Frequency of KIR-A Haplotypes and Inhibitory Interactions of KIR With HLA Class I in Zhejiang Han. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640334. [PMID: 33995358 PMCID: PMC8121542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, modulating critical NK cell functions in the maintenance of human health. Characterizing the distribution and characteristics of KIR and HLA allotype diversity across defined human populations is thus essential for understanding the multiple associations with disease, and for directing therapies. In this study of 176 Zhejiang Han individuals from Southeastern China, we describe diversity of the highly polymorphic KIR and HLA class I genes at high resolution. KIR-A haplotypes, which carry four inhibitory receptors specific for HLA-A, B or C, are known to associate with protection from infection and some cancers. We show the Chinese Southern Han from Zhejiang are characterized by a high frequency of KIR-A haplotypes and a high frequency of C1 KIR ligands. Accordingly, interactions of inhibitory KIR2DL3 with C1+HLA are more frequent in Zhejiang Han than populations outside East Asia. Zhejiang Han exhibit greater diversity of inhibitory than activating KIR, with three-domain inhibitory KIR exhibiting the greatest degree of polymorphism. As distinguished by gene copy number and allele content, 54 centromeric and 37 telomeric haplotypes were observed. We observed 6% of the population to have KIR haplotypes containing large-scale duplications or deletions that include complete genes. A unique truncated haplotype containing only KIR2DL4 in the telomeric region was also identified. An additional feature is the high frequency of HLA-B*46:01, which may have arisen due to selection pressure from infectious disease. This study will provide further insight into the role of KIR and HLA polymorphism in disease susceptibility of Zhejiang Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Tao
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin He
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Katherine M. Kichula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jielin Wang
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji He
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Faming Zhu
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Dizaji Asl K, Velaei K, Rafat A, Tayefi Nasrabadi H, Movassaghpour AA, Mahdavi M, Nozad Charoudeh H. The role of KIR positive NK cells in diseases and its importance in clinical intervention. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107361. [PMID: 33429335 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for the elimination of the transformed and cancerous cells. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which expressed by T and NK cells, are key regulator of NK cell function. The KIR and their ligands, MHC class I (HLA-A, B and C) molecules, are highly polymorphic and their related genes are located on 19 q13.4 and 6 q21.3 chromosomes, respectively. It is clear that particular interaction between the KIRs and their related ligands can influence on the prevalence, progression and outcome of several diseases, like complications of pregnancy, viral infection, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. The mechanisms of immune signaling in particular NK cells involvement in causing pathological conditions are not completely understood yet. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanism of KIR-MHC class I interaction could facilitate the treatment strategy of diseases. The present review focused on the main characteristics and functional details of various KIR and their combination with related ligands in diseases and also highlights ongoing efforts to manipulate the key checkpoints in NK cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Velaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Sakuraba A, Haider H, Sato T. Population Difference in Allele Frequency of HLA-C*05 and Its Correlation with COVID-19 Mortality. Viruses 2020; 12:E1333. [PMID: 33233780 PMCID: PMC7699862 DOI: 10.3390/v12111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe illness including cytokine storms, but mortality among countries differs largely. In the present study, we investigated the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, which plays a major role in susceptibility to viral infections, and the mortality of COVID-19. METHODS data of allele frequencies of HLA-A, -B and -C and COVID-19 mortality were obtained for 74 countries from the Allele Frequency Net Database and worldometer.info. Association between allele frequency of each HLA and mortality was assessed by linear regression followed by multivariable regression. Subsequently, association of HLA-C*05 to its receptor KIR2DS4fl, expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, and differential mortality to historic pandemics were analyzed. RESULTS HLA-A*01, -B*07, -B*08, -B*44 and -C*05 were significantly associated with the risk of deaths (adjusted p = 0.040, 0.00081, 0.047, 0.0022, 0.00032, respectively), but only HLA-C*05 remained statistically significant (p = 0.000027) after multivariable regression. A 1% increase in the allele frequency of HLA-C*05 was associated with an increase of 44 deaths/million. Countries with different mortality could be categorized by the distribution of HLA-C*05 and its receptor KIR2DS4fl, which in combination cause NK cell-induced hyperactive immune response. Countries with similar ethnic and/or geographic background responded in a similar pattern to each pandemic. CONCLUSIONS we demonstrated that allele frequency of HLA-C*05 and the distribution pattern with its receptor KIR2DS4fl strongly correlated with COVID-19 mortality. Host genetic variance of innate immunity may contribute to the difference in mortality among various countries and further investigation using patient samples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakuraba
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Haider Haider
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Corona Virus Task Force, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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10
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An K, Li B, Luo C, Wang J, Luo C, Chen J. The impact of donor full-length KIR2DS4 in the development of acute and chronic GVHD after unrelated allogeneic HSCT. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13728. [PMID: 32594584 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Killer Ig-like receptor 2DS4 (KIR2DS4) is the most prevalent activating killer Ig-like receptor gene. It is divergent and encodes either full-length or deleted allele variants. The studies of donor killer KIR2DS4 in unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations were limited. METHODS KIR and HLA genotyping were determined in 75 pairs of Chinese pediatric hematologic malignancy patients. RESULTS Among the 75 donor-recipient pairs, 77.3% (58/75) of the donors were positive for full-length KIR2DS4 and 22.7% (17/75) were negative. Patients who had donors positive for full-length KIR2DS4 had higher cumulative incidence of aGVHD than patients whose donor negative for full-length KIR2DS4 (86.2% versus 76.5%, P = .038). Multivariate analysis showed full-length KIR2DS4 was the significant factor for I-IV aGVHD (HR = 2.166, 95% CI: 1.01-4.26, P = .025). Subgroup analysis showed that AML and CML patients who received donors negative for full-length KIR2DS4 have a higher cumulative incidences of cGVHD (75% vs 62%, P = .008). There were no significant effects of full-length KIR2DS4 on overall survival (P = .13), relapse-free survival (P = .14), CMV reactivation (P = .52), and relapse (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.09-1.6, P = .1875). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated a significant correlation of donor full-length KIR2DS4 on aGVHD and cGVHD. These results suggested that combining KIR and HLA genotyping may help make a better sense of transplants in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang An
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benshang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changying Luo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjuan Luo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are bone marrow-derived large granular lymphocytes defined by CD3negCD56pos and represent 5% to 25% of peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of the healthy humans. NK cells have a highly specific and sophisticated target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated by the integration of signals triggered by a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors. Human NK cells express distinct families of receptors, including (1) killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, (2) killer cell lectin-like receptors, (3) leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, and (4) natural cytotoxicity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Surgery, Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 150, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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12
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Wang HD, Jin XY, Guo YX, Zhang Q, Zhang YW, Wang X, Zhu BF. KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms and global diversity in the Kirgiz ethnic minority and populations distributed worldwide. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1043-1055. [PMID: 30603950 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor genes expressed by the natural killer cells and T cells of some subclasses are one of the very diversity and complex gene families on chromosome 19q13.4 which play key developmental role in the fight against viral infections, malignantly transformed cells and so on in the first line. As potential markers, KIRs have received more and more attention for some infections and diseases which have some clinical outcomes. In addition, the KIRs are diverse in different populations due to the distinctive alleles and haplotypes, may contribute to understand the genetic relationships among populations. To data, there is no report on the KIR gene polymorphism of the Kirgiz ethnic minority. The purpose of this paper is to determine the KIR gene diversity: KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms, haplotype/genotype polymorphisms and these polymorphisms between populations distributed worldwide. In this study, we have genotyped the 19 KIR genes: KIR2DL1-4, 2DL5A, 2DL5B, 2DS1-3, 2DS4*FUL, 2DS4*DEL, 2DS5, 3DL1-3, 3DS1, 2DP1, 3DP1*FUL and 3DP1*DEL, and two unique genotypes are found in two Kirgiz individuals. The PCA plot, Neighbor-Joining tree analysis and MDS plot are conducted and the groups of the same language family gather together basically. KIR gene diversity study of populations distributed in different parts of the world. shows that KIRs can be used as a supplement for human genetic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.,Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Bono M, Pende D, Bertaina A, Moretta A, Della Chiesa M, Sivori S, Zecca M, Locatelli F, Moretta L, Bottino C, Falco M. Analysis of KIR3DP1 Polymorphism Provides Relevant Information on Centromeric KIR Gene Content. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1460-1467. [PMID: 30068594 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes, collectively referred to as framework genes, characterize almost all KIR haplotypes. In particular, KIR3DL3 and KIR3DL2 mark the ends of the locus, whereas KIR3DP1 and KIR2DL4 are located in the central part. A recombination hot spot, mapped between KIR3DP1 and KIR2DL4, splits the haplotypes into two regions: a centromeric (Cen) region (spanning from KIR3DL3 to KIR3DP1) and a telomeric region (from KIR2DL4 to KIR3DL2), both varying in KIR gene content. In this study, we analyzed KIR3DP1 polymorphism in a cohort of 316 healthy, unrelated individuals. To this aim, we divided KIR3DP1 alleles into two groups by the use of a sequence-specific primer- PCR approach. Our data clearly indicated that KIR3DP1 alleles present on haplotypes carrying Cen-A or Cen-B1 regions differ from those having Cen-B2 motifs. Few donors (∼3%) made exceptions, and they were all, except one, characterized by uncommon haplotypes, including either KIR deletions or KIR duplications. Consequently, as KIR2DL1 is present in Cen-A and Cen-B1 regions but absent in Cen-B2 regions, we demonstrated that KIR3DP1 polymorphism might represent a suitable marker for KIR2DL1 gene copy number analysis. Moreover, because Cen-B1 and Cen-B2 regions are characterized by different KIR3DP1 alleles, we showed that KIR3DP1 polymorphism analysis also provides information to dissect between Cen-B1/Cen-B1 and Cen-B1/Cen-B2 donors. Taken together, our data suggest that the analysis of KIR3DP1 polymorphism should be included in KIR repertoire evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bono
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Pende
- Dipartimento delle Terapie Oncologiche Integrate, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Dipartimento di Oncoematologia e Terapia Cellulare e Genica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo Oncoematologia Pediatrica, 27100 Pavia, Italy; and
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Oncoematologia e Terapia Cellulare e Genica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Area di Ricerca Immunologica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Falco
- Dipartimento dei Laboratori di Ricerca, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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14
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Amorim LM, van Tong H, Hoan NX, Vargas LDB, Ribeiro EMDSF, Petzl-Erler ML, Boldt ABW, Toan NL, Song LH, Velavan TP, Augusto DG. KIR-HLA distribution in a Vietnamese population from Hanoi. Hum Immunol 2017; 79:93-100. [PMID: 29191786 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) gene family codifies a group of receptors that recognize human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and modulate natural killer (NK) cells response. Genetic diversity of KIR genes and HLA ligands has not yet been deeply investigated in South East Asia. Here, we characterized KIR gene presence and absence polymorphism of 14 KIR genes and two pseudogenes, as well as the frequencies of the ligands HLA-Bw4, HLA-C1 and HLA-C2 in a Vietnamese population from Hanoi (n = 140). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with specific sequence primers (PCR-SSP). We compared KIR frequencies and performed principal component analysis with 43 worldwide populations of different ancestries. KIR carrier frequencies in Vietnamese were similar to those reported for Thai and Chinese Han, but differed significantly from other geographically close populations such as Japanese and South Korean. This similarity was also observed in KIR gene-content genotypes and is in accordance with the origin from Southern China and Thailand proposed for the Vietnamese population. The frequencies of HLA ligands observed in Vietnamese did not differ from those reported for other East-Asian populations (p > .05). Studies regarding KIR-HLA in populations are of prime importance to understand their evolution, function and role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Center for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vietnamese - German Center for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Angelica B W Boldt
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Center for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese - German Center for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Vietnamese - German Center for Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil.
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15
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Distribution of KIR genes and KIR2DS4 gene variants in two Mexican Mestizo populations. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:614-620. [PMID: 28734803 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are transmembrane proteins that regulate NK and T cell subsets by recognizing HLA-I molecules as ligands. The KIR gene family consists of 16 genes, located at chromosome 19q13.4. KIR gene frequencies vary among populations. In Mexico, HLA and genetic ancestry studies show that Mestizo populations have different genetic backgrounds based on admixture with European, African, and Asian ancestry. This study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes in Guerrero and Jalisco, two Mexican Mestizo populations located in the south and the west of the country, respectively, and to compare these frequencies with those of other populations. KIR genotyping was performed by SSP-PCR. We observed that KIR gene frequencies were similar in both populations. There were 24 genotypes observed in Guerrero, 38 genotypes observed in Jalisco, 15 genotypes shared in both populations and 32 genotypes unique to one population or the other. In 10 individuals, nine novel genotypes were identified. KIR2DS4 gene variants showed significant differences: The KIR2DS4full gene was more common in Guerrero (p<0.0001), and the KIR2DS4del variant was more common in Jalisco (p<0.05). Differences in KIR2DS4 gene variants and genotypic profiles could be influenced by the genetic admixture in both regions.
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16
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Genetic polymorphism and evolutionary differentiation of Eastern Chinese Han: a comprehensive and comparative analysis on KIRs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42486. [PMID: 28205529 PMCID: PMC5311978 DOI: 10.1038/srep42486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes, namely KIRs, cluster together within the 160 kb genomic DNA region. In this study, we used PCR-SSP approach and successfully identified the genotype of 17 KIR genes in 123 independent healthy donors residing in the Jiangsu province, China. All individuals were positive at the 7 genes. The observed carrier gene frequencies (OFs) of remaining 10 KIRs ranged from 14.63% (KIR2DS3) to 95.93% (KIR3DL1). We found 27 distinct genotypes excluding KIR1D. The most frequent occurred in 63 individuals (51.22%). The linkage disequilibrium analysis signified 29 positive and 6 negative relations in 45 pairwise comparisons. To study population differentiation, we drew a Heatmap based on the data of KIRs from 59 populations and conducted Hierarchical Clustering by Euclidean distances. We next validated our results by estimating pairwise DA distances and illustrating a Neighbor-Joining tree, as well as a MDS plot covering 3 additional Chinese Han groups. The phylogenetic reconstruction and cluster analysis strongly indicated a genetically close relationship between Eastern and Jilin Hans. In conclusion, the present study provided a meritorious resource of KIR genotyping for population genetics, and could be helpful to uncover the genetic mechanism of KIRs in immune disease in the future.
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17
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Jiang L, Su P, Yang T, Zhu X, Yao F, Che Z, Ma H, Wang J, Chen Q. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in Drung Chinese. HLA 2016; 89:14-19. [PMID: 27807936 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are variably distributed among populations from distinct geographic areas and ethnic origins. We describe, for the first time, KIR gene diversity in 152 unrelated and healthy Drung individuals, as measured by sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction. All 16 known KIR genes were detected. Of these, the framework genes KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3, and 3DP1 were present in all individuals as expected, along with the non-framework genes KIR2DL1, 2DL3, and 2DP1. In contrast, KIR2DL2, 2DS2, and 2DS5 were unusually rare, suggesting that KIR gene distribution was relatively concentrated. Ten different KIR genotypes were found, of which the most common consisted of nine genes (KIR2DL1, 2DL3, 2DL4, 2DS4, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3, 2DP1, and 3DP1) and accounted for 66.4% of participants. There were eight different haplotypes present, of which the A haplotype was the most common (81.9%). Principal components and dendrogram analysis confirmed that the Drung Chinese are most closely related to the Japanese, the Zhejiang Han, and the Yunnan Han. In conclusion, distinctive frequencies of KIR genes, haplotypes, and genotypes are observed in Chinese Drung.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiang
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - P Su
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Yunnan Kunming, China
| | - T Yang
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Yunnan Kunming, China
| | - X Zhu
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Yunnan Kunming, China
| | - F Yao
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Yunnan Kunming, China
| | - Z Che
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Yunnan Kunming, China
| | - H Ma
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Yunnan Kunming, China
| | - J Wang
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Chen
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.,HLA Typing Laboratory, Sichuan Cord Blood Bank, Chengdu, China
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18
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Wang HD, Feng ZQ, Shen CM, Guo QN, Dai PF, Zhang YD, Guo YX, Yan JW, Zhu BF, Zhang L. Study of genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor loci in the Tujia ethnic minority. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:869-875. [PMID: 27343992 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic profiles of 14 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and 2 pseudogenes of 124 individuals from Tujia ethnic minority residing in Enshi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture of Hubei province of China and investigate the genetic relationships between the Tujia ethnic minority and other reported groups for the first time. Sequence specific primer amplification (PCR-SSP) methods were used to genotype the 14 KIR genes and 2 pseudogenes. The observed carrier frequencies (OF) and the gene frequencies (GF) of the KIR genes were measured. Neighbor-joining (N-J) tree and the principal component analysis (PCA) plot were constructed. All individuals were typed positive for the three framework loci KIR3DL3, 2DL4 and 3DL2, as well as for pseudogene KIR3DP1. The gene frequencies of the other KIR genes ranged from 9% in KIR2DS2 to 98% in KIR2DP1 and KIR3DL1. The present study of the KIR genes may be a powerful tool for enriching the Chinese ethnical gene information resources of the KIR gene pool, as well as for the anthropological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Zhan-Qi Feng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, PR China
| | - Chun-Mei Shen
- Blood Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qian-Nan Guo
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Yu-Dang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China
| | - Jiang-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Henan Red Cross Blood Center, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China.
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19
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Kitpoka P, Tammakorn C, Chaisri S, Leelayuwat C, Mongkolsuk T, Thammanichanond D. Genetic profiles of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and HLA ligands in Thai blood donors. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:470-5. [PMID: 27131859 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) play an important role in natural killer (NK) cell regulation. Interaction of KIRs with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules can transmit signals to regulate the function of NK cells. In this study, the diversities of KIR genes and their ligands in 500 Thai blood donors were investigated. The coexistence of inhibitory KIRs (iKIR), activating KIRs (aKIR) and their ligands in the same individuals were also analyzed. Overall, 36 KIR genotypes were identified. The most common genotype was genotype AA1 (40.8%). All individuals carried at least one iKIR-HLA pair whereas 18% of the individuals lacked aKIR-HLA pair. The most common compound KIR-HLA profile was the presence of 3 iKIR-HLA pairs with 1 aKIR-HLA pair (21.4%). The most common compound gene profile of KIR-HLA pairs was the combined presence of KIR2DL3-C1, 3DL1-Bw4, 3DL2-A3/A11 and the full length KIR2DS4-its ligands (8%). This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the KIR-HLA profiles in Thai blood donors in regards to KIR genotypes, HLA ligands, KIR-HLA ligand pairs and compound gene profiles of both iKIRs and aKIRs and their ligands. These findings will be useful as baseline information for further studies in the associations of KIR genes and various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimpun Kitpoka
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chutima Tammakorn
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suwit Chaisri
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Chulabhorn International College of Medicine (CICM), Thammasat University Rangsit campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (CMDL), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tasanee Mongkolsuk
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangtawan Thammanichanond
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysregulated mucosal immune response to the intestinal environment in a genetically susceptible host is hypothesized to be critical to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Therefore, we examined CD-susceptibility genes involved in the immune response through a genome-wide association study and consecutive genotyping of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. METHODS An initial genome-wide association study was performed with 275 CD patients and 2369 controls from a Korean population. To validate the loci identified in the genome-wide association study, replication genotyping was performed in a different cohort of 242 CD patients and 1066 controls. Finally, high-resolution genotyping of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor was performed. RESULTS Four susceptibility loci, a promoter region in tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member (TNFSF15) and 3 independent regions in HLAs, showed significant associations with CD. Among them, rs114985235 in the intergenic region between HLA-B and HLA-C showed the strongest association, with an increased risk of CD (P = 8.71 × 10; odds ratio, 2.25). HLA typing in this region showed HLA-C*01 to be responsible for the association of CD among 43 HLA-B and HLA-C genotypes identified in the Korean population. However, the interaction of HLA-C with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor had little effect on the development of CD. CONCLUSIONS We newly identified HLA-C*01 as a prominent CD-susceptibility HLA allotype in the Korean population. In addition, these results confirm that genetic variations in immune response genes, such as HLAs and TNFSF15, are important host factors for the pathogenesis of CD.
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Wu X, Yao Y, Bao X, Zhou H, Tang X, Han Y, Ma X, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhou H, Jing S, Gu B, Xu Y, Sun A, He J, Wu D. KIR2DS4 and Its Variant KIR1D Are Associated with Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease, Cytomegalovirus, and Overall Survival after Sibling-Related HLA-Matched Transplantation in Patients with Donors with KIR Gene Haplotype A. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:220-225. [PMID: 26476204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in various donor and recipient killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes have been studied extensively. The associations between KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with outcomes of HSCT from a sibling-related HLA-matched donor with KIR haplotype A have not been explored, however. To study this, we genotyped donor-recipient pairs and divided 165 recipients of HSCT from a KIR gene haplotype A donor into 3 groups: 2DS4+/2DS4+ (2 intact KIR2DS4 alleles), 2DS4+/1D+ (heterozygous), and 1D+/1D+ (homozygous for the deletion variant KIR1D). No difference in the recovery of neutrophils and platelets among the 3 groups was observed. The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) within day +100 was 28.94% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 14.11% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 44.44% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0159). Multivariate analysis identified 1D+/1D+ as an independent risk factor for aGVHD (hazard ratio [HR], 4.221; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.470 to 12.124; P = .007). In contrast, the cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD, 3-year cumulative relapse, and treatment-related mortality did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation was 46.96% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 20.16% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 53.25% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0017). Multivariate analysis identified 2DS4+/1D+ as an independent protective factor for CMV reactivation (HR, 0.268; 95% CI, 0.125 to 0.574; P = .001). Although overall survival (OS) did not differ among the groups in the first year, the 2DS4(+)/2DS4(+) group had significantly better OS than the other groups after 1 year (P = .0361). In patients with advanced-stage disease, the 3-year probability of disease-free survival was 51.06% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 34.01% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 0% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0314). Collectively, our data suggest that the KIR 2DS4/1D allelic variance is associated with the outcome of sibling-related HLA-matched HSCT, and that donor subclassification of KIR 2DS4/1D alleles should be considered in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Bao
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; HLA Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song Jing
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aining Sun
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; HLA Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Guha P, Das A, Dutta S, Bhattacharjee S, Chaudhuri TK. Study of genetic diversity of KIR and TLR in the Rabhas, an endogamous primitive tribe of India. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:789-94. [PMID: 26429322 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Rabha tribe is a little known small endogamous population belonging to Indo-mongoloid group of north-eastern India. We have analyzed 16 KIR and 5 TLR gene polymorphisms in the Rabha population of northern West Bengal, India for the first time. The observed frequencies of the KIR genes (except framework and pseudogene loci) ranged between 0.26 (KIR2DS3) and 0.96 (KIR2DL1). Comparisons based on KIR polymorphism have revealed that although the Rabhas are of Indian origin the presence of mongoloid component in their gene pool cannot be denied. The frequencies of the 5 TLR genes ranged between 0.90 (TLR4) and 0.46 (TLR5). TLR variations found in the Rabhas may play a synergistic role in fighting against the bacterial invasions. Our results may contribute to the understanding of (1) genetic background and extent of genetic admixture in the Rabhas, (2) population migration events and (3) KIR-disease-TLR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokhraj Guha
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Avishek Das
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Somit Dutta
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri, West Bengal 734013, India.
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Negative Impact of Unidirectional Host-versus-Graft Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Ligand Mismatch on Transplantation Outcomes after Unmanipulated Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:316-323. [PMID: 26415557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the influence of mismatched inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligands on the outcome of haploidentical transplantation using T cell-replete, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Three groups were examined: unidirectional graft-versus-host KIR ligand mismatched (GVH-KIR-MM; n = 33), bidirectional KIR ligand matched (KIR-M; n = 41), and unidirectional host-versus-graft KIR ligand mismatched (HVG-KIR-MM; n = 26). All recipients were treated with the same conditioning regimen (800 cGy total body irradiation, fludarabine, busulfan, and antithymocyte globulin). After a median follow-up of 26 months, the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse was significantly higher in HVG-KIR-MM (40.3% ± 10.3%) versus others (18.9% ± 4.8%, P = .044). In the standard-risk group, the 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly lower in HVG-KIR-MM (51.8% ± 11.2%) compared with GVH-KIR-MM (88% ± 8.1%, P = .025). Multivariate analysis showed that HVG-KIR-MM was significantly associated with higher relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 10.7; P = .002) and lower DFS (HR, 3.4; P = .012). Subgroup analysis revealed increased DFS with higher doses of CD3(+)CD8(+) and CD3(-)CD56(+) grafts in GVH-KIR-MM (90.9% ± 8.7%, P = .006); there was no such effect in the other groups. Although our conclusions are limited by the absence of donor KIR genotype data, our study suggests unidirectional KIR ligand incompatibility in the host-versus-graft vector has a detrimental effect on T cell-replete haploidentical transplantation outcomes in adult patients with AML.
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Park S, Kim K, Jang JH, Kim SJ, Kim WS, Kang ES, Jung CW. KIR alloreactivity based on the receptor-ligand model is associated with improved clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Result of single center prospective study. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:636-43. [PMID: 26407827 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, named killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), recognize HLA class I alleles. Patients (n=59) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from either a related (n=17) or unrelated donor (n=42) in Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) were included. KIR mismatch was defined as incompatibility between the donor KIR and recipient KIR ligand (receptor-ligand model), and all cases were classified into the two broad haplotypes of KIR A and B. Patients with acute leukemia (n=51, 86.4%) or myelodysplastic syndrome (n=8, 13.6%) were included. Peripheral blood was used as the source of stem cells in all patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) favored recipients with a KIR-mismatched donor, although the differences were not statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, KIR mismatch was an independent prognostic indicator of a better OS (P=0.010, HR=0.148, 95% CI 0.034-0.639), DFS (P=0.022, HR=0.237, 95% CI 0.069-0.815), and CIR (P=0.031, HR=0.117, 95% CI 0.017-0.823). OS, DFS, and CIR did not differ significantly between the KIR A and B haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou Q, Wang J, He Z, Li X, Mao S, Huang S, Bian G, Ma F. KIR diversity in three ethnic minority populations in China. J Transl Med 2015; 13:221. [PMID: 26163299 PMCID: PMC4498514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) show extensive variation in genetic content and allelic polymorphi sms among different populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the distribution of KIR genes in the Tibetan ethnic minority of Lhasa city, the Uyghur and Kazakh ethnic minorities of Urumqi city populations in China. Genotyping of 16 KIR genes was tested in 479 randomly selected individuals using the multiple PCR-SSP method. RESULTS A total of 42 KIR genotypes were detected, of which, 29 were predicted to be AB genotypes, 12 were BB genotypes and one was AA genotypes. 27 KIR genotypes were identified in Kazakhs, 30 KIR genotypes were identified in Uyghurs and 20 KIR genotypes were identified in Tibetans. The predominant genotype 1(AA genotypes) occurred most frequently in Tibetans (52.7%, 118/224), Kazakhs (43.2%, 54/125) and Uyghurs (34.9%, 45/130). Not only the four framework genes were present in all individuals, but the pseudogene 2DP1 could also be detected in all Uyghur individuals. Tibetans were different from Kazakh and Uyghur groups in KIR genetic content and KIR allelic variation. Intriguingly, Tibetans (29.5%, 66/224) had lower frequencies of 2DS4-v when compared with Uyghurs (60.8%, 79/130) and Kazakh s (59.2%, 74/125). Uyghurs (25.4%, 33/130) displayed higher frequencies of Bx genotypes with C4Tx (absence of KIR3DS1-2DL5-2DS5-2DS1) than both Kazakhs (11.2%, 14/125) and Tibetans (3.6%, 8/224). CONCLUSIONS The study showed that profile of KIR genotypes in three ethnic minority populations in China displayed ethnic diversity. It could be valuable for enriching the ethnical information resources for KIR gene, as well as facilitating further research on KIR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxiu Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Park, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Park, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.
| | - Zhi He
- Urumqi Blood Center, Urumqi, China.
| | | | - Song Mao
- Sichuan Cord Blood Bank, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shu Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Park, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.
| | - Guohui Bian
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Park, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 26 Huacai Road, Longtan Industry Park, Chenghua District, Chengdu, 610052, China.
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26
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Bani M, Seket J, Kaabi H, Cherif G, Chaabane M, Bellali H, Hmida S. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) locus profiles in the Tunisian population. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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NurWaliyuddin HZA, Edinur HA, Norazmi MN, Sundararajulu P, Chambers GK, Zafarina Z. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor diversity in Malay subethnic groups of Peninsular Malaysia. Int J Immunogenet 2014; 41:472-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Z. A. NurWaliyuddin
- Human Identification/DNA Unit; School of Health Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| | - H. A. Edinur
- Human Identification/DNA Unit; School of Health Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| | - M. N. Norazmi
- Human Identification/DNA Unit; School of Health Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| | - P. Sundararajulu
- Human Identification/DNA Unit; School of Health Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
| | - G. K. Chambers
- School of Biological Sciences; Victoria University of Wellington; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Z. Zafarina
- Human Identification/DNA Unit; School of Health Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Kelantan Malaysia
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals; National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia; Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation; Penang Malaysia
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Guha P, Bhattacharjee S, Chaudhuri TK. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the Bengali population of northern West Bengal, India. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:441-51. [PMID: 25205074 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Indian Subcontinent exhibits extensive diversity in its culture, religion, ethnicity and linguistic heritage, which symbolizes extensive genetic variations within the populations. The highly polymorphic Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) family plays an important role in tracing genetic differentiation in human population. In this study, we aimed to analyse the KIR gene polymorphism in the Bengali population of northern West Bengal, India. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the KIR gene polymorphism in the Bengalis of West Bengal, India. Herein, we have studied the distribution of 14 KIR genes (KIR3DL1-3DL3, KIR2DL1-2DL5, KIR2DS1-2DS5 AND KIR3DS1) and two pseudogenes (KIR3DP1 and 2DP1) in the Bengalis. Apart from the framework genes (KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3 and 3DP1), which are present in all the individuals, the gene frequencies of other KIR genes varied between 0.34 and 0.88. Moreover, upon comparing the KIR polymorphism of the Bengalis with the available published data of other world populations, it has been found that the Indo-European-speaking Bengalis from the region share both Dravidian and Indo-Aryan gene pool with considerable influences of mongoloid and European descents. Furthermore, evidences from previously published data on human leucocyte antigen and Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity support the view. Our results will help to understand the genetic background of the Bengali population, in illustrating the population migration events in the eastern and north-eastern part of India, in explaining the extensive genetic admixture amongst the different linguistic groups of the region and also in KIR-related disease researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guha
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
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Kim HJ, Choi HB, Jang JP, Baek IC, Choi EJ, Park M, Kim TG, Oh ST. HLA-Cw polypmorphism and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene analysis in Korean colorectal cancer patients. Int J Surg 2014; 12:815-20. [PMID: 24998207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Natural killer cells (NK cells) play important roles in protecting the patient from the early development of cancers, and are activated or inhibited by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), which bind to HLA class I. In the present study, we investigated the KIR genotype of Korean colorectal cancer patients. METHODS DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood cell samples taken from Korean colorectal cancer patients and a control group. KIR genes were amplified using PCR-SSP methods, and HLA-Cw genes were characterized using PCR methods. The results were analyzed to assess the difference between colorectal cancer patients and the normal control group. RESULTS In the present study, the frequency of KIR2DS5 (33.2% vs. 20.8%, p-value < 0.007) was higher in the colorectal cancer group, and in the rectal cancer subgroup, the frequencies of KIR3DL1 (93.2%, vs. 98.1%, p-value < 0.05), KIR2DS2 (7.8% vs. 19.5%, p-value < 0.01), and KIR2DS4 (93.2% vs. 98.1%, p-value < 0.05) were lower significantly. The frequencies of HLA-Cw6 (9.1% vs. 15.7%, p-value < 0.05) and HLA-Cw7 (17.4% vs. 27.7%, p-value < 0.02) were lower in the colorectal cancer group. Of the patients with HLA-C1 homozygote, the frequency of KIR2DS2 was decreased significantly (5.8% vs. 14.5%, p-value < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of KIR2DS5 is higher in Korean colorectal cancer patients, and in the rectal cancer subgroup, the frequencies of KIR3DL1, KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 are lower. Among the patients with HLA-C1 homozygote, the frequency of KIR2DS2 is decreased. Therefore, KIR2DS2 in presence of its ligand (HLA-C1 group) may have a protective effect against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Baeg Choi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Pil Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Park
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Taek Oh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Distribution of HLA-A, -B, and -C alleles and HLA/KIR combinations in Han population in China. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:565296. [PMID: 24995346 PMCID: PMC4068047 DOI: 10.1155/2014/565296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated polymorphisms of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A, B, and C) loci of a Han population (n, 239) from the Yunnan province, Southwest China, using high-resolution polymerase chain reaction-Luminex (PCR-Luminex) typing. We combined the HLA data from this study with the KIR genotypes from a previous study of this Han population to analyze the combination of KIR/HLA ligands. A total of 27 HLA-A, 54 HLA-B, and 31 HLA-C alleles were found in this population. The frequencies of A*11:01, A*24:02, B*40:01, B*46:01, C*01:02, C*03:04, and C*07:02 were all > 10%. The following haplotypes were common, with frequencies > 5%: 1 A-B (A*02:07-B*46:01), 2 A-C (A*02:07-C*01:02, and A*11:01-C*07:02), 4 C-B (B*13:01-C*03:04, B*40:01-C*07:02, B*46:01-C*01:02 and B*58:01-C*03:02), and 1 A-C-B (A*02:07-C*01:02-B*46:01). Analysis of KIR3D and their ligands HLA-A3/A11 and HLA-Bw4 showed that the frequencies of 3DL2+-A3/A11+ and 3DL2+-A3/A11− were 0.527 and 0.473, and the frequencies of 3DL1+-Bw4+, 3DL1+-Bw4−, 3DL1−-Bw4+, and 3DL1−-Bw4− were 0.552, 0.397, 0.038, and 0.013, respectively. The results of KIR/HLA-C combination analysis showed that all individuals had at least one inhibitory or activating KIR/HLA-C pair, and one KIR/HLA-C pair was the most frequent (157/239), followed by two pairs (46/239), three pairs (33/239), and no pairs (3/239). Comparison of KIR gene and HLA gene and their pair frequency between Yunnan Han and the isolated Han (FYDH) who also lived in Yunnan province showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in KIR frequencies, but significant differences (P < 0.05) for some HLA allele frequencies. In addition, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two populations for KIR/HLA pairs.
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Marangon AV, Visentainer JEL, Guelsin GAS, Clementino SL, Rudnick CCC, de Melo FC, Braga MA, Sell AM. Investigation of deletion of 22pb in KIR2DS4 gene in a population of southern Brazil. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:440-5. [PMID: 24659081 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of full-length and deleted variants of KIR2DS4 in a population of southern Brazil and compare the results with other populations, as well as comparing two techniques, PCR-SSP and PCR-SSO, for typing of variants. METHODS 258 individuals from southern Brazil were analysed by PCR-SSO ("polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotides", One Lambda, Inc., Canoga Park, CA), of which 161 were also analysed by PCR-SSP. RESULTS The study population showed similarities with other Caucasian populations; 46.5% of individuals had only KIR2DS4 variants, 21.3% had the full-length form and 25.1% had both forms. CONCLUSION The frequencies found in both groups (genotyped by PCR-SSP and PCR-SSO) were 100% concordant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Vansan Marangon
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Imunogenética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
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Moon SJ, Oh EJ, Kim Y, Kim KS, Kwok SK, Ju JH, Park KS, Kim HY, Park SH. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in uveitis associated with autoimmune diseases: ankylosing spondylitis and Behçet disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 21:135-43. [PMID: 23697859 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.754905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the frequencies of specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotypes are associated with the incidence of uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet disease (BD). METHODS The authors analyzed the frequency of 16 KIR genes in Koreans with either AS (110 patients, all HLA-B27-positive) or BD (86 patients), using polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing. RESULTS The frequency of the inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1 was lower in AS patients affected by uveitis than that in the general population (p < 0.05). The frequency of the KIR3DL1(-)/2DS3(-) was significantly higher in AS patients with uveitis (odds ratio = 9.306, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that KIR3DL1 might associate with the resistance to AS-associated uveitis by influencing natural killer cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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KIR2DS4 allelic variants: Differential effects on in utero and intrapartum HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:498-508. [PMID: 24239756 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
KIR2DS4 is the only activating gene within the A haplotype, and alleles of KIR2DS4 can encode either functional (KIR2DS4-f) or non-functional (KIR2DS4-v) variants. To establish the role of KIR2DS4 in the context of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission, we KIR genotyped 145 HIV-1 non-transmitting mothers (NT) and their exposed uninfected infants (EU), and 72 HIV-1 transmitting mothers (TR) and their infected infants [intrapartum (IP), in utero (IU) or IU2 (an IU-enriched infected group)]. The frequency of KIR2DS4-v was significantly higher in IU2 infants compared to EU infants (P=0.022, OR=2.88); this association was more significant amongst AA haplotypes (P=0.004, OR=18.4). Possession of KIR2DS4-f in the mother with absence in the infant (M+I- discordance) was associated with a higher risk of IP transmission (P=0.005, OR=3.84); whilst in M-I+ discordance, infant possession of KIR2DS4-v was associated with increased risk of IU acquisition (P=0.002; OR=6.40). This study highlights the importance of KIR2DS4 in HIV-1 transmission/acquisition.
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Zhen J, Wang D, He L, Zou H, Xu Y, Gao S, Yang B, Deng Z. Genetic profile of KIR and HLA in southern Chinese Han population. Hum Immunol 2013; 75:59-64. [PMID: 24055695 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
KIR and their HLA ligands are encoded by two of the most diverse gene families in the human genome. The function of KIR on the NK cell is highly dependent on the normal expression of class I HLA on the target cell. Previous population studies in southern Chinese have been focused on the KIR framework genes and genotypes but little is known about the compound profiles of KIR/HLA. The present study examined 503 unrelated individuals from southern Chinese Han population for the polymorphism of KIR and class I HLA genes. All 16 KIR genes were detected in the study population and the four framework genes KIR3DL2, 3DL3, 3DP1, and 2DL4 were present in all individuals. Thirty unique KIR gene profiles were found reflecting a rather limited number of KIR haplotypes in this population. KIRAA1 was the most common profile observed in 54.7% of the samples. Among the AA1 individuals, 15.6% were homozygous for the deleted KIR2DS4. Haplotype A (74.8%) was more common than haplotype B (25.2%). HLA-C1 was a much more common ligand for 2D KIRs than C2. Bw4-80I, Bw4-80T, and the Bw4-bearing HLA-A alleles were detected at similar frequencies. The matched KIR+HLA pairs 2DL2/3+C1 (98.1%), 3DL1+Bw4 (73.3%), 3DL2+A3/11 (60.0%) were the most common ones whereas 3DS1+Bw4-80I was the least common (9.4%). A total of 193 unique compound profiles of KIR-HLA were identified in 480 informative individuals, 130 of the profiles being detected only once. The study provided a comprehensive analysis of the KIR/HLA profiles in southern Chinese in regards of the presence/absence of KIR genes, HLA ligands, matched KIR+HLA pairs, and KIR/HLA compound profiles. The results could help to better understand the role played by KIR/HLA interaction in associated diseases and clinical transplantation in southern Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhen
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Liumei He
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Yunping Xu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Suqing Gao
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Baocheng Yang
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Zhihui Deng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China.
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Burek MK, Grubic Z, Stingl K, Zunec R. Distribution of KIR genes in the Croatian population. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:952-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Polymorphisms of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA ligands in northeastern Thais. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:645-53. [PMID: 23812166 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are cell surface receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. The functions of NK cells are partly regulated by interactions between KIRs and HLA ligands on target cells. In this study, the presence or absence of 17 KIR genes and their known HLA ligands have been investigated in 235 unrelated individuals living in northeastern Thailand (NET). Subtypes of KIR2DS4 including full length (KIR2DS4F) and deleted forms (KIR2DS4D) have also been determined. Framework genes (KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3, and 3DP1) were found in all individuals and KIR genes belonging to the A haplotype (KIR2DL1, 2DL3, 3DL1, and 2DS4) were present in more than 90% of NET. KIR2DS4D (61.7%) was more common than KIR2DS4F (52.8%). A total of 33 different KIR genotypes were observed. Of these, three new genotypes were identified. The most common genotype (AA) was observed in 35.7% of NET, and HLA-C alleles bearing the C1 epitope (HLA-C1) had the highest frequency (97%). All individuals had at least one inhibitory KIR and its corresponding HLA ligand; 40.9% of NET had three pairs of receptor-ligand combinations, and 18.3% had all three receptor-ligand combinations of KIR2DL3+C1, 3DL1+Bw4, and 3DL2+A11. Surprisingly, the patterns of KIR gene frequencies in NET are more similar to those of Caucasians than Japanese, Korean, and Chinese. This is the first report on complete analysis of KIR and known HLA ligands in Thais. These data provide basic knowledge on KIR for further studies on disease associations and transplantation in northeastern Thais.
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Study of the KIR gene profiles and analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of Rajbanshi population of West Bengal, India. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:673-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Shi L, Zhang H, Shen Y, Dong Y, Li Y, Dong Z, Guo C, Shi L, Yao Y, Yu J. Distribution of KIR genes in Han population in Yunnan Province: comparison with other Han populations in China. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 40:361-8. [PMID: 23594113 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
| | - H. Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
| | - Y. Shen
- The first people's hospital in Yunnan Province & The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University; Kunming; China
| | - Y. Dong
- The first people's hospital in Yunnan Province & The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University; Kunming; China
| | - Y. Li
- The first people's hospital in Yunnan Province & The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Science and Technology University; Kunming; China
| | - Z. Dong
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
| | - C. Guo
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
| | - L. Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
| | - Y. Yao
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
| | - J. Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases; Kunming; China
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Matusiak Ł, Białynicki-Birula R, Szepietowski JC. Emerging role for the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genotype, in the susceptibility of skin diseases. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:3-11. [PMID: 23642663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are a major group of immune cells responsible for the phenomenon of natural, innate cytotoxicity. One of the better studied receptors of human NK cells are killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) responsible for checking the presence of MHC class I molecules, which serve as their ligands. Although previously treated as specific for NK cells, nowadays these receptors are known to also occur on T cells. Genetics of KIR molecules is very complicated, what create a great variability of haplotypes in various populations world-wide. In addition, some KIR are known to recognize HLA-C (epitopes C1 or C2), HLA-B (Bw4) or HLA-A (A3 and/or A11) molecules. Therefore, this makes a huge diversity of reactions among individuals, depending on the presence or absence of given KIR and their ligands, hence differential susceptibility to several diseases, including various dermatoses. This paper underlines the important role of both KIR genotypes and HLA class I genes with reference to the various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology of Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
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40
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Jiang B, Wang A, Ju Z, Zhang Y. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor genes in the Mongolian population. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:787-91. [PMID: 23380139 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor (KIR) is highly polymorphic in genotype, haplotype and allele levels. This study was done to investigate KIR genes frequencies, genotypes and inheritance in Mongolian. Gene-specific PCR amplification was used to identify the presence or absence of 16 KIR loci.KIR genotypes were obtained by a KIR genotypes website. The KIR genes frequencies of Mongolian were compared to 24 different populations around the world. The distribution of haplotype B in Mongolian was higher than that in Mongoloid and less than that in Caucasian. Thirty discovered genotypes and five novel genotypes were identified from 1 to 34 individuals. 37.8% of Mongolian carried KIR haplotype AA.Mongolian was exhibited between North Mongoloid and Caucasus by principal component and genetic tree analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, China
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Rajalingam R, Ashouri E. Gene-specific PCR typing of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1034:239-55. [PMID: 23775740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-493-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
By interacting with specific HLA class I molecules, the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) regulate the effector function of natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of CD8 T cells. The KIR receptors and HLA class I ligands are encoded by unlinked polymorphic gene families located on different human chromosomes, 19 and 6, respectively. The number and type of KIR genes are substantially variable between individuals, which may contribute to human diversity in responding to infection, malignancy and allogeneic transplants. PCR typing using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) is the most commonly used method to determine KIR gene content. This chapter describes a step-by-step protocol for PCR-SSP typing to identify the presence and absence of all 16 known KIR genes. Moreover, the chapter provides the basic rules to verify the accuracy of KIR genotyping results and explains specific methods for the data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The distribution of genetic diversity of KIR genes in the Chinese Mongolian population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1031-8. [PMID: 22836038 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed on natural killer cells and as such regulate their response against infection and malignancy. KIR genes are variable in gene content and type, which results in different KIR haplotypes, and can be used to discriminate individuals and populations from different regions or ethnic groups. In the present study, we represent the first report on the KIR gene frequency and content diversities of 14 KIR genes (KIR2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3, 2DL4, 2DL5, 2DS1, 2DS2, 2DS3, 2DS4, 2DS5, 3DL1, 3DL2, 3DL3, 3DS1) and 2 pseudogenes (KIR3DP1 and 2DP1) in the Chinese Mongolian population. The 16 detected KIR genes were all observed. All the individuals were typed positive for the four framework genes KIR3DL3, 3DL2, 2DL4 and the pseudogene KIR3DP1, as well as for the pseudogene KIR2DP1. The observed carrier gene frequencies (OF) of the other KIR genes ranged from 16% at the KIR2DL2 locus to 93% at the KIR3DL1 locus. Over all, 48 different gene profiles were found in the study population and the most commonly observed KIR gene profile with a frequency of 14% consisted of KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3, 2DP1, 3DP1, 2DL1, 2DL3 and 3DL1 which belongs to the AA genotype. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the dendrogram illustrated the genetic distances between our study population and previously published populations from other ethnic groups or regions. The results of the present study show that the KIR gene family is highly polymorphic and can be a valuable tool for enriching the Chinese ethnical gene information resources, for anthropological studies, as well as for KIR gene related disease research.
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Cai J, Liu X, Wang J, Tian W. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in 4 distinct populations and 51 families in mainland China. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1023-30. [PMID: 22836043 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and HLA-C1/C2 dimorphism in 819 healthy, unrelated individuals composed of two southern Chinese Han populations (Hunan Han and Guangdong Han) and two northern Chinese populations (Inner Mongolia Han and Inner Mongolia Mongol), using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) method. Fifty-one Chinese families were used to determine KIR haplotypic configuration. Our data showed that KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, and KIR3DP1 genes were present in all of the 819 individuals. However, KIR2DL4 and KIR3DP1 genes were not detected in two members of a northern Chinese family. None of the KIR genes showed significant difference between the four populations. Thirty-five different KIR gene profiles were identified, one of which has not been previously reported in the Allele Frequencies KIR database. Eleven distinct KIR haplotypic configurations were determined through family analysis. Individuals with KIR2DLl and KIR2DL3 genes but lacking KIR2DSl and KIR2DS2 genes, coupled with HLA-C1 (Asn(80)) homozygosity, predominated in each population. At least one known inhibitory KIR-HLA pair was detected in each individual. The findings shown here are valuable for future studies of the potential role of KIR genes as well as KIR-HLA interaction in disease susceptibility in related ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHong Cai
- Immunogenetics Research Group, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Augusto DG, Zehnder-Alves L, Pincerati MR, Martin MP, Carrington M, Petzl-Erler ML. Diversity of the KIR gene cluster in an urban Brazilian population. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:143-52. [PMID: 21850526 PMCID: PMC3770263 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The activity of natural killer cells depends on the balance between activating and inhibitory signals coming from their receptors. Among these are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) that recognize specific HLA class I allotypes. Here we characterized KIR genetic diversity and their HLA ligands in the population of Curitiba, Paraná State (n = 164), and compared it with other worldwide populations. The distribution of 2DL4 alleles was also analyzed. The Curitiba population did not differ significantly from European and Euro-descendant populations, but as an admixed population showed higher genetic diversity. We found 27 KIR profiles, many of them uncommon in European populations, in agreement with the elevated historically recent gene flow in the study population. The frequencies of KIR genes and their respective HLA ligands were distributed independently and none of the analyzed individuals lacked functional KIR-HLA ligand combinations. KIR gene frequencies of 33 worldwide populations were consistent with geographic and ethnic distribution, in agreement with demography being the major factor shaping the observed gene content diversity of the KIR locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Augusto
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19071, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are more than simple killers and have been implicated in control and clearance of malignant and virally infected cells, regulation of adaptive immune responses, rejection of bone marrow transplants, and autoimmunity and the maintenance of pregnancy. Human NK cells largely use a family of germ-line encoded killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to respond to the perturbations from self-HLA class I molecules present on infected, malignant, or HLA-disparate fetal or allogenic transplants. Genes encoding KIR receptors and HLA class I ligands are located on different chromosomes, and both feature extraordinary diversity in the number and type of genes. The independent segregation of KIR and HLA gene families produce diversity in the number and type of KIR-HLA gene combinations inherited in individuals, which may determine their immunity and susceptibility to diseases. This chapter provides an overview of NK cells and their unprecedented phenotypic and functional diversity within and between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Rajalingam R. Human diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and disease. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2011; 46:216-28. [PMID: 22259627 PMCID: PMC3259513 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2011.46.4.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are the third population of lymphocyte in the mononuclear cell compartment that triggers first-line of defense against viral infection and tumor transformation. Historically, NK cells were thought of as components of innate immunity based on their intrinsic ability to spontaneously kill target cells independent of HLA antigen restriction. However, it is now clear that NK cells are quite sophisticated and use a highly specific and complex target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated via a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are the key receptors of human NK cells development and function. To date, fourteen distinct KIRs have been identified: eight are inhibitory types, and six are activating types. The number and type of KIR genes present varies substantially between individuals. Inhibitory KIRs recognize distinct motifs of polymorphic HLA class I molecules. Upon engagement of their specific HLA class I ligands, inhibitory KIR dampen NK cell reactivity. In contrast, activating KIRs are believed to stimulate NK cell reactivity when they sense their ligands (unknown). KIR and HLA gene families map to different human chromosomes (19 and 6, respectively), and their independent segregation produces a wide diversity in the number and type of inherited KIR-HLA combinations, likely contributing to overall immune competency. Consistent with this hypothesis, certain combinations of KIR-HLA variants have been correlated with susceptibility to diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, and cancer. This review summarizes our emerging understanding of KIR-HLA diversity in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Immunogenetics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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47
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Sung PS, Choi HB, Kim SY, Hong SW, Park CH, Song MJ, Lee SW, Yoo CR, Choi SW, Han NI, Kim TG, Yoon SK. Frequency of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in Korean patients with chronic HCV infection. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1483-8. [PMID: 22065905 PMCID: PMC3207052 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immunity, especially in the response to viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the primary receptors of NK cells that mediate innate immunity. KIRs are also involved in acquired immunity, because some KIRs are expressed on the surface of certain subsets of T cells. In this study, the frequency of KIR genes, HLA-C allotypes, and combinations of KIR genes with their HLA-C ligands were evaluated in two different groups of the Korean population: controls and patients with chronic HCV infection. The study population consisted of 147 Korean patients with chronic HCV infection. The frequency of KIR2DS2 in patients with chronic HCV infection was 9.5% which was significantly lower than 19.5% of the control (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of other KIR genes, HLA-C allotypes or different combinations of KIR genes with their HLA-C ligands. This study can contribute to the further prospective study with a larger scale, suggesting the assumption that KIR2DS2 might aid in HCV clearance by enhancing both the innate and acquired immune responses of people in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Soo Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Bank, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Jun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Ran Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Wook Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Ik Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Bank, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, Seoul, Korea
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48
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KIR genotypic diversity can track ancestries in heterogeneous populations: a potential confounder for disease association studies. Immunogenetics 2011; 64:97-109. [PMID: 21898189 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are encoded by highly polymorphic genes that regulate the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and other lymphocyte subsets and likely play key roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Association studies increasingly implicate KIR in disease predisposition and outcome but could be confounded by unknown KIR genetic structure in heterogeneous populations. To examine this, we characterized the diversity of 16 KIR genes in 712 Northern Californians (NC) stratified by self-assigned ethnicities and compared the profiles of KIR polymorphism with other US and global populations using a reference database. Sixty-eight distinct KIR genotypes were characterized: 58 in 457 Caucasians (NCC), 17 in 47 African Americans (NCAA), 21 in 80 Asians (NCA), 20 in 74 Hispanics (NCH), and 18 in 54 "other" ethnicities (NCO). KIR genotype patterns and frequencies in the 4 defined ethnicities were compared with each other and with 34 global populations by phylogenetic analysis. Although there were no population-specific genotypes, the KIR genotype frequency patterns faithfully traced the ancestry of NCC, NCAA, and NCA but not of NCH whose ancestries are known to be more heterogeneous. KIR genotype frequencies can therefore track ethnic ancestries in modern urban populations. Our data emphasize the importance of selecting ethnically matched controls in KIR-based studies to avert spurious associations.
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Wang HD, Zhu BF, Shen CM, Fan AY, Song TN, Liu JL, Qin HX, Deng LB, Fan SL, Huang QZ, Guo YF, Fang J, Zhang P, Yan CX. Diversity distributions of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and their ligands in the Chinese Shaanxi Han population. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:733-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Solgi G, Ghafari H, Ashouri E, Alimoghdam K, Rajalingam R, Amirzargar A. Comparison of KIR gene content profiles revealed a difference between northern and southern Persians in the distribution of KIR2DS5 and its linked loci. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:1079-83. [PMID: 21867738 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are the key receptors of human natural killer (NK) cells that mount an early immune response against infection and tumors. The number and type of KIR genes are substantially variable between individuals and populations. Recently we reported KIR gene content diversity in a Persian population living in the southern province of Fars, which is comparable to that of European Caucasians. These results are consistent with the ethnic ancestry and affinity between Persians and Caucasians. Herein we analyzed another Persian population living in the northern province of Tehran and discovered an unexpected increase in the distribution of KIR2DS5 and its linked loci KIR3DS1, -2DS1, and -2DL5 in northern Persians compared with that reported in the southern Persian population. Although the geographic barriers may have limited the gene flow, the impact of the local environment on the natural selection of KIR2DS5 and its linked loci in the northern Persians cannot be completely ruled out. The difference in northern and southern populations in activating KIR gene content creates an appealing hypothesis that KIR2DS5-enriched northern Persians are more resistant to developing clinical conditions demonstrated to be associated with KIR2DS5, such as psoriasis vulgaris, endometriosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute rejection of kidney grafts, compared with those living in the southern part of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Solgi
- Immunology Department, Medical School, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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