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The influence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors on cognition, functioning, and inflammatory markers in first-episode psychosis: Results from a 2-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 316:114760. [PMID: 35977447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore the influence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) on cognitive symptoms, functional impairment, and systemic inflammatory markers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Method: In a sample of 70 FEP patients and 85 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, we assessed nine modifiable CVRFs. All participants were classified into two subgroups according to their CVRF profile: lower (0-1 CVRFs) or higher (≥2 CVRFs). The following outcomes were measured at baseline and 2-year follow-up: cognition; functional outcomes; and white blood cell (WBC) subtype. Adjusted general linear models were conducted to study the effect of diagnosis and CVRF profile on cognition, functioning, WBC, and longitudinal changes in these variables. At baseline, FEP patients with a higher CVRF profile showed a significantly slower performance on the TMT-A test for psychomotor speed and higher lymphocyte levels than patients with a lower CVRF profile. No longitudinal changes were observed in primary outcomes at 2-year follow-up. Among FEP patients with a higher CVRF profile, slower psychomotor speed performance did not correlate with increased lymphocyte levels. Our findings suggest that the cognitive effects of CVRFs manifest early in the course of psychosis, thus highlighting the importance of targeting both CVRFs and cognitive deficits in FEP.
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Lustig A, Manor T, Shi G, Li J, Wang YT, An Y, Liu YT, Weng NP. Lipid Microbubble-Conjugated Anti-CD3 and Anti-CD28 Antibodies (Microbubble-Based Human T Cell Activator) Offer Superior Long-Term Expansion of Human Naive T Cells In Vitro. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:475-484. [PMID: 32769179 PMCID: PMC10433792 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of human primary T cells with immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs in vitro provide a system to study T cell activation and proliferation and an avenue for expanding T cells for immunotherapy. Magnetic beads conjugated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs (Dynabeads Human T-Activator [D-TCA]) have been a golden standard for stimulating human primary T cells in vitro. In this study, we report that an application using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs conjugated on lipid microbubbles (microbubble-based human T cell activator [MB-TCA]) to stimulate primary human naive T cells resulted in expansion superior to D-TCA. In 56-d cultures with three repeated stimulation cycles (14 d per stimulation), we found that 1) MB-TCA induced significantly better expansion (20- and 10-fold increase) of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than did D-TCA; 2) MB-TCA- and D-TCA-stimulated T cells had a similar number of initial cell divisions, but MB-TCA had significantly lower activation-induced cell death than D-TCA; 3) MB-TCA-stimulated T cells produced less TNF-α than did D-TCA; and 4) blocking TNF-α action via adding an Ab against TNF-αR (TNFRSF1A) significantly improved expansion of T cells activated by D-TCA in vitro. Together, we demonstrated that the MB-TCA induces a better expansion of human naive T cells in vitro and offers advantages in both basic and clinical applications in which the outcome depends on the number of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Ty'Keemi Manor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | | | - Jiangyuan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | | | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Yu-Tsueng Liu
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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Jing R, Ban Y, Xu W, Nian H, Guo Y, Geng Y, Zang Y, Zheng C. Therapeutic effects of the total lignans from Vitex negundo seeds on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152825. [PMID: 30831463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seeds of Vitex negundo, with rich lignans metabolites, have been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatism and joint inflammation. The total lignans of Vitex negundo seeds (TOV) were suggested to play an important role in the treatment of arthritis. PURPOSE The aim of the study was designed to investigate the anti-arthritic effects of TOV on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats as well as its possible mechanisms. METHODS TOV was prepared by combined macroporous resin and polyamide column chromatography, and constituents of TOV were analyzed by HPLC. CIA model in rats was established by immunization with chicken type II collagen and then the rats were intragastrically administrated with TOV for 30 days. Rat arthritis was evaluated by measurements of hind paw edema, arthritis index score, weight growth and indices of thymus and spleen, and by histological examination. Levels of serum MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A and TNF-α were also examined. In addition, the expression of COX-2, iNOS and IκB, p-IκB in synovial tissues was evaluated by western blotting. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of TOV were also evaluated in acetic acid-induced writhing and xylene-induced ear edema in mice, respectively. In addition, acute toxicity test was employed to preliminarily assess the safety of TOV. RESULTS TOV significantly inhibited the paw edema and decreased the arthritis index, with no influence on the body weight and the indices of thymus and spleen of CIA rats. Meanwhile, TOV dose-dependently reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia and attenuated cartilage damage. Additionally, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, TNF-α, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were markedly decreased, while the level of serum IL-10 was increased in TOV-treated rats. The significant reduction of the expression of COX-2, iNOS and p-IκB and the notable increase of IκB in synovial tissues were also observed in TOV-treated animals. TOV also significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing and decreased xylene-induced ear edema in mice. Finally, the maximal tolerable dose (MTD) of TOV was determined to be 16.0 g/kg. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TOV has significant anti-arthritic effects on collagen-induced arthritis in rats, which may be attributed to the inhibition of the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, TNF-α, MMP-3 and MMP-9, and the increase of IL-10 in serum as well as down-regulation of the protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS in synovial tissues via suppressing the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB. Due to its high efficacy and safety, TOV can be regarded as a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jing
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hua Nian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, PR China
| | - Yaoli Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yiya Geng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yuan Zang
- Department of Orthpedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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White AM, Wraith DC. Tr1-Like T Cells - An Enigmatic Regulatory T Cell Lineage. Front Immunol 2016; 7:355. [PMID: 27683580 PMCID: PMC5021682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system evolved to respond to foreign invaders and prevent autoimmunity to self-antigens. Several types of regulatory T cells facilitate the latter process. These include a subset of Foxp3− CD4+ T cells able to secrete IL-10 in an antigen-specific manner, type 1 regulatory (Tr1) T cells. Although their suppressive function has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, their phenotype remains poorly defined. It has been suggested that the surface markers LAG-3 and CD49b are biomarkers for murine and human Tr1 cells. Here, we discuss these findings in the context of our data regarding the expression pattern of inhibitory receptors (IRs) CD49b, TIM-3, PD-1, TIGIT, LAG-3, and ICOS on Tr1-like human T cells generated in vitro from CD4+ memory T cells stimulated with αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies. We found that there were no differences in IR expression between IL-10+ and IL-10− T cells. However, CD4+IL-10+ T cells isolated ex vivo, following a short stimulation and cytokine secretion assay, contained significantly higher proportions of TIM-3+ and PD-1+ cells. They also expressed significantly higher TIGIT mRNA and showed a trend toward increased TIM-3 mRNA levels. These data led us to conclude that large pools of IRs may be stored intracellularly; hence, they may not represent ideal candidates as cell surface biomarkers for Tr1-like T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Wraith
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Badawi AH, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ. Immune Tolerance Induction against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) Using A New PLP-B7AP Conjugate that Simultaneously Targets B7/CD28 Costimulatory Signal and TCR/MHC-II Signal. JOURNAL OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 2015; 2:1000131. [PMID: 26140285 PMCID: PMC4484621 DOI: 10.4172/2376-0389.1000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current therapies used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are either ineffective or have adverse side effects. As such, there is a need to develop better therapies that specifically target myelin-specific aberrant immune cells involved in CNS inflammation without compromising the general immune system. In the present study, we developed a new bifunctional peptide inhibitor (BPI) that is effective and specific. Our BPI (PLP-B7AP) is composed of an antigenic peptide from myelin proteolipid protein (PLP139-151) and a B7 antisense peptide (B7AP) derived from CD28 receptor. The main hypothesis is that PLP-B7AP simultaneously targets MHC-II and B7-costimulatory molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC) and possibly alters the differentiation of naïve T cells from inflammatory to regulatory phenotypes. Results showed that PLP-B7AP was very effective in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) compared to various controls in a mouse model. PLP-B7AP was effective when administered both before and after disease induction. Secreted cytokines from splenocytes isolated during periods of high disease severity and remission indicated that PLP-B7AP treatment induced an increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, analysis of cortical brain tissue sections showed that PLP-B7AP treated mice had significantly lower demyelination compared to the control group. All these taken together indicate that the T cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 receptor can be targeted simultaneously to improve efficacy and specificity of potential MS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- KU Medical Center, The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Paul Kiptoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Alghasham A, Rasheed Z. Therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis: Progress and promises. Autoimmunity 2014; 47:77-94. [PMID: 24437572 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.873413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advancements in understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have highlighted the strategies that aim to inhibit the harmful effects of up-regulated cytokines or other inflammatory mediators and to inhibit their associated signaling events. The utility of cytokine as therapeutic targets in RA has been unequivocally demonstrated by the success of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockade in clinical practice. Partial and non-responses to TNF-α blocking agents, however, together with the increasing clinical drive to remission induction, requires that further therapeutic targets be identified. Numerous proinflammatory mediators with their associated cell signaling events have now been demonstrated in RA, including interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-12 superfamilies. Continued efforts are ongoing to target IL-6, IL-15 and IL-17 in clinical trials with promising data emerging. In the present review, we focus on IL-7, IL-18, IL-32 and IL-10 family of cytokines (IL-19, IL-20 and IL-22) as they are implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of RA, which could be targeted and offer new therapeutic options for RA therapy. Recent evidences also suggest that multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), several adipokines and various components of immune system play a critical role in the pathophysiology of RA; therefore we have also highlighted them as therapeutic targets for RA therapy. Components of subcellular pathways, involve in nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway have also been discussed and offer several novel potential therapeutic opportunities for RA.
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Kiptoo P, Büyüktimkin B, Badawi AH, Stewart J, Ridwan R, Siahaan TJ. Controlling immune response and demyelination using highly potent bifunctional peptide inhibitors in the suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:23-36. [PMID: 23480182 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the efficacy of new bifunctional peptide inhibitors (BPIs) in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in an animal model. BPI [e.g. proteolipid protein-cyclo(1,8)-CPRGGSVC-NH2 (PLP-cIBR)] is a conjugate between the PLP139-151 peptide derived from proteolipid protein (PLP) and the cIBR7 peptide derived from domain-1 (D1) of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). PLP-cIBR is designed to bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II and leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) simultaneously to inhibit the formation of the immunological synapse and alter the differentiation and activation of a subpopulation of T cells, thus inducing immunotolerance. The results show that PLP-cIBR is highly potent in ameliorating EAE, even at low concentrations and less frequent injections. Mice treated with PLP-cIBR had a higher secretion of cytokines related to regulatory and/or suppressor cells compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated mice. In contrast, T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines were higher in mice treated with PBS compared to PLP-cIBR, suggesting that it suppressed Th1 proliferation. Also, we observed significantly less demyelination in PLP-cIBR-treated mice compared to the control, further indicating that PLP-cIBR promoted protection against demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kiptoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Selleri S, Dieng MM, Nicoletti S, Louis I, Beausejour C, Le Deist F, Haddad E. Cord-blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells downmodulate CD4+ T-cell activation by inducing IL-10-producing Th1 cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1063-75. [PMID: 23167734 PMCID: PMC3608091 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) induce immunomodulation are still poorly understood. In the current work, we show by a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, flow cytometry, and multiplex cytokine data analysis that during the inhibition of an alloantigen-driven CD4+ T-cell response, MSCs induce a fraction of CD4+ T-cells to coexpress interferon-γ (IFNγ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). This CD4+ IFNγ+ IL-10+ cell population shares properties with recently described T-cells originating from switched Th1 cells that start producing IL-10 and acquire a regulatory function. Here we report that IL-10-producing Th1 cells accumulated with time during T-cell stimulation in the presence of MSCs. Moreover, MSCs caused stimulated T-cells to downregulate the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) without affecting IL-10 receptor expression. Further, the inhibitory effect of MSCs could be reversed by an anti-IFNγR-blocking antibody, indicating that IFNγ is one of the major players in MSC-induced T-cell suppression. Stimulated (and, to a lesser extent, resting) CD4+ T-cells treated with MSCs were able to inhibit the proliferation of autologous CD4+ T-cells, demonstrating their acquired regulatory properties. Altogether, our results suggest that the generation of IL-10-producing Th1 cells is one of the mechanisms by which MSCs can downmodulate an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Selleri
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Simon Nicoletti
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Louis
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Beausejour
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Françoise Le Deist
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Campbell JDM, Foerster A, Lasmanowicz V, Niemöller M, Scheffold A, Fahrendorff M, Rauser G, Assenmacher M, Richter A. Rapid detection, enrichment and propagation of specific T cell subsets based on cytokine secretion. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:1-10. [PMID: 20964638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell lines with defined cytokine profiles are an invaluable tool for assessing the control of immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Production of such cell lines can be complex and time-consuming. Here we present a powerful technique to assay the cytokines produced by T cells activated polyclonally or with specific antigens. This paper presents a detailed methodology for the identification and isolation of cytokine-producing T cells activated with the artificial superantigen, CytoStim, or viral and fungal antigens. These cells can be analysed for different cytokines simultaneously, or cultured further to rapidly establish T cell lines making known cytokine types. We highlight the enumeration, isolation and phenotype of interleukin-17-producing T cells, and the rapid generation of virus-specific Th1 T cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D M Campbell
- Research and Development, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich Ebert Street 68, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany.
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