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George G, Shyni GL, Mohan S, Abraham B, Nisha P, Ranjith S, Rajankutty K, Raghu KG. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of Tinospora cordifolia via modulation of JAK/STAT pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1009-1025. [PMID: 36840884 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder causing cartilage and joint degeneration. In spite of the availability of several robust drugs like biologics, most of the patients are unresponsive, and reports of severe adverse effects following long-term use are also there. Subsequently the use of natural plant-based products in RA therapy is broadening over the years. Tinospora cordifolia is a widely used medicinal plant in Ayurveda against various inflammatory disorders including RA. However, there is very limited knowledge regarding the actual molecular events responsible for its therapeutic effect, and this has limited its acceptance among the professionals. PURPOSE To explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract from Tinospora cordifolia. METHODS The rich polyphenol nature of the extract was elucidated using HPLC. LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used for in vitro studies, and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used for in vivo studies. RESULTS The polyphenols in TCE were identified using HPLC. TCE effectively downregulated the level of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, and NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently the upregulated expression of COX-2 and iNOS following LPS stimulation were also downregulated by TCE. Furthermore, TCE targeted the upstream kinases of the JAK/STAT pathway, a crucial inflammatory pathway. The expression of VEGF, a key angiogenic factor as well as an inflammatory mediator was also decreased following pre-treatment with TCE. The anti-arthritic effect of TCE (150 mg/kg) was evaluated in the CIA model as well. From the results of histopathology, oral administration of TCE was found to be effective in reducing the clinical symptoms of arthritis including paw edema, erythema, and hyperplasia. In vivo results validated the in vitro results and there was a significant reduction in serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17, NO, and PGE2). The phosphorylation of STAT3 and the expression of VEGF were also downregulated following TCE treatment. CONCLUSION Our study provided a detailed insight into the molecular events associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect of Tinospora cordifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genu George
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - G L Shyni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
| | - Sreelekshmi Mohan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Billu Abraham
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - P Nisha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - S Ranjith
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research (JCMR), Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, 680005, India
| | - K Rajankutty
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research (JCMR), Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, 680005, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agroprocessing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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An update on novel therapeutic intervention in Rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Nooreen R, Nene S, Jain H, Prasannanjaneyulu V, Chitlangya P, Otavi S, Khatri DK, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Polymer nanotherapeutics: A versatile platform for effective rheumatoid arthritis therapy. J Control Release 2022; 348:397-419. [PMID: 35660632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an aggressive and severely debilitating disorder that is characterized by joint pain and cartilage damage. It restricts mobility in patients, leaving them unable to carry out simple tasks. RA presents itself with severe lasting pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints and may cause permanent disability in patients. Treatment regimens currently employed for rheumatoid arthritis revolve around keeping clinical symptoms like joint pain, inflammation, swelling and stiffness at bay. The current therapeutic interventions in rheumatoid arthritis involve the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and newer biological drugs that are engineered for inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. These conventional drugs are plagued with severe adverse effects because of their higher systemic distribution, lack of specificity and higher doses. Oral, intra-articular, and intravenous routes are routinely used for drug delivery which is associated with decreased patient compliance, high cost, poor bioavailability and rapid systemic clearance. All these drawbacks have enticed researchers to create novel strategies for drug delivery, the main approach being nanocarrier-based systems. In this article, we aim to consolidate the remarkable contributions of polymeric carrier systems including microneedle technology and smart trigger-responsive polymeric carriers in the management of rheumatoid arthritis along with its detailed pathophysiology. This review also briefly describes the safety and regulatory aspects of polymer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Nooreen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shweta Nene
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Harsha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Velpula Prasannanjaneyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Palak Chitlangya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Shivam Otavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Science, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
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4
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Pan J. Immunopathogenic mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2021; 10:154-164. [PMID: 34466337 PMCID: PMC8397820 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2021.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis and symmetrical joint destruction. RA has become one of the key diseases endangering human health, but its etiology is not clear. Therefore, identifying the immunopathogenic mechanisms of RA and developing therapeutic drugs to treat autoimmune diseases have always been difficult. This article mainly reviews the immunopathogenic mechanism of RA and advances in the study of anti-inflammatory drugs in order to provide a reference for the treatment of RA and drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Pan Jihong, Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, # 6699 Qingdao Road, Ji'nan 250117, China. E-mail:
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Anita C, Munira M, Mural Q, Shaily L. Topical nanocarriers for management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111880. [PMID: 34328101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease manifested by chronic joint inflammation leading to severe disability and premature mortality. With a global prevalence of about 0.3%-1% RA is 3-5 times more prevalent in women than in men. There is no known cure for RA; the ultimate goal for treatment of RA is to provide symptomatic relief. The treatment regimen for RA involves frequent drug administration and high doses of NSAIDs such as indomethacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, celecoxib, etorcoxib. These potent drugs often have off target effects which drastically decreases patient compliance. Moreover, conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory have many formulation challenges like low solubility and permeability, poor bioavailability, degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes, food interactions and toxicity. To overcome these barriers, researchers have turned to topical route of drug administration, which has superior patience compliance and they also bypass the first past effect experienced with conventional oral administration. Furthermore, to enhance the permeation of drug through the layers of the skin and reach the site of inflammation, nanosized carriers have been designed such as liposomes, nanoemulsions, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and transferosomes. These drug delivery systems are non-toxic and have high drug encapsulation efficiency and they also provide sustained release of drug. This review discusses the effect of formulation composition on the physiochemical properties of these nanocarriers in terms of particle size, surface charge, drug entrapment and also drug release profile thus providing a landscape of topically used nanoformulations for symptomatic treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chando Anita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Momin Munira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India; Shri C. B. Patel Research Centre, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India.
| | - Quadros Mural
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Lalka Shaily
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, Rusan Pharma Limited, Charkop, Kandivali (West), Mumbai 400067, India
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Aviel YB, Ofir A, Ben-Izhak O, Vlodavsky E, Karbian N, Brik R, Mevorach D, Magen D. A novel loss-of-function mutation in LACC1 underlies hereditary juvenile arthritis with extended intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4888-4898. [PMID: 33493343 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate phenotypic and molecular characteristics of a consanguineous family with autosomal-recessive, polyarticular, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with extra-articular manifestations, including renal amyloidosis and Crohn's disease, associated with a novel homozygous truncating variant in LACC1. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) or targeted Sanger verification were performed in 15 participants. LACC1 expression and cytokine array were analyzed in patient-derived and CRISPR/Cas9-generated LACC1-knockout macrophages (Mϕ). RESULTS A homozygous truncating variant (p.Glu348Ter) in LACC1 was identified in three affected and one asymptomatic family member, and predicted harmful by causing premature stop of the LACC1 protein sequences, and by absence from ethnically-matched controls and public variation databases. Expression studies in patient-derived macrophages (Mϕ) showed no endogenous p. Glu348Ter-LACC1 RNA transcription or protein expression, compatible with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. WES analysis in the asymptomatic homozygous subject for p. Glu348Ter-LACC1 detected an exclusive heterozygous variant (p.Arg928Gln) in complement component C5. Further complement activity analysis suggested a protective role for the p. Arg928Gln-C5 variant as a phenotypic modifier of LACC1-associated disease. Finally, cytokine profile analysis indicated increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LACC1-disrupted as compared with wild-type Mϕ. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reinforce the role of LACC1 disruption in autosomal-recessive JIA, extend the clinical spectrum and intra-familial heterogeneity of the disease-associated phenotype, indicate a modulatory effect of complement factor C5 on phenotypic severity, and suggest an inhibitory role for wild-type LACC1 on pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayala Ofir
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Ben-Izhak
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Euvgeni Vlodavsky
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Netanel Karbian
- Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Riva Brik
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniella Magen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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7
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Chen SJ, Lin GJ, Chen JW, Wang KC, Tien CH, Hu CF, Chang CN, Hsu WF, Fan HC, Sytwu HK. Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Immune-Modulated Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061332. [PMID: 30884802 PMCID: PMC6470801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide antibodies. The orchestra of the inflammatory process among various immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and reactive oxidative stress play critical immunopathologic roles in the inflammatory cascade of the joint environment, leading to clinical impairment and RA. With the growing understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms, increasingly novel marked and potential biologic agents have merged for the treatment of RA in recent years. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, highlight novel biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMRADs), targeted synthetic DMRADs, and immune-modulating agents, and identify the applicable immune-mediated therapeutic strategies of the near future. In conclusion, new therapeutic approaches are emerging through a better understanding of the immunopathophysiology of RA, which is improving disease outcomes better than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 90, Qianliao, Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Wun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin St., Pai-Tou, Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Hsi Tien
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ning Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 90, Qianliao, Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Fu Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Penghu Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 90, Qianliao, Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan.
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarborHospital, No. 699, Section 8, Taiwan Blvd., Taichung City 435, Taiwan.
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, MinChuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei City 114, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
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8
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Chen Q, Yuan S, Sun H, Peng L. CD3 +CD20 + T cells and their roles in human diseases. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:191-194. [PMID: 30639700 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD3+CD20+ T cells are a population of CD3+ T cells co-expressing CD20 that make up to ∼3-5% of the CD3+ T-cell compartment in the peripheral blood of human beings. In healthy individuals, CD3+CD20+ T cells are heterogeneous for containing a lower proportion of CD4+ cells, but produce higher levels of IL-17A and/or IFN-γ than those of CD3+CD20- T cells. Recently, emerging studies have shown a pathogenic behavior of CD3+CD20+ T cells in autoimmune diseases and CD20+ T-cell malignancies, and patients with the diseases may benefit from anti-CD20 immunotherapy to deplete these cells. However, CD3+CD20+ T cells may also play a protective role in ovarian cancer and HIV infection for their strong propensity to IFN-γ production. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge about CD3+CD20+ T-cell biology, and discuss their functional roles in autoimmune diseases as well as cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- East China Military Material Purchasing Bureau, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongwu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Liusheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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9
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Li X, Wu Z, He B, Zhong W. Tetrandrine alleviates symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in rats by regulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory factors. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2670-2676. [PMID: 30186500 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to construct a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to evaluate changes in pathology, the expression of inflammatory factors and regulation of signaling pathways. The protective effect of tetrandrine (Tet) on tissue lesions induced by RA was also investigated. A total of 60 Wistar rats (100-200 g) were randomly divided into six groups (n=10 per group), namely a blank (NC) group, model group, methotrexate (MTX) group (3 mg/kg body weight), high-dose Tet group (31.25 mg/kg body weight), medium-dose Tet group (18.75 mg/kg body weight) and low-dose Tet group (6.25 mg/kg body weight). A rat model of RA was induced via injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant into the right rear toe. Toe swelling rate, arthritis index and immune organ index were calculated. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression at the mRNA and protein level in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rats were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Serum concentrations of inflammatory factors were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. It was observed that treatment with Tet alleviated the severity of rear toe swelling associated with RA in rats. Furthermore, Tet exerted anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in the rat model of RA. Tet also reduced the expression of COX-2 in PBMCs and lowered the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the serum of RA rats. The present data indicate that Tet may exert pharmacological effects in the treatment of RA. The mechanism of action of Tet may be associated with the regulation of inflammatory factors and the inhibition of immune organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxiu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Cadre Ward, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
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10
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Langdon K, Haleagrahara N. Regulatory T-cell dynamics with abatacept treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:206-214. [PMID: 29757670 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1465943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The progressive damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been linked to an increase in inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells and a decrease in number or function of immunomodulatory regulatory T cells (Tregs). Many therapies that are effective in RA are shown to affect Th1/Th17 cells and/or Tregs. One such therapy, abatacept, utilizes a physiologic immunomodulatory molecule called cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) which causes contact-dependent inhibition of inflammatory T-cell activation. Recent advances in CTLA-4 research has uncovered the method by which this occurs physiologically but the actions of the CTLA-4Ig fusion protein are still not fully understood. The reported effects of the drug on Treg population number and suppressor function have been very mixed. In this review, we will discuss the current literature surrounding the effects of abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis and explore potential explanations for the differences in results. Future opportunities in this area include contributions to a unified definition for different immune cell populations, LAG3+ Tregs which may pose an avenue for further study or the stratification of patients with regards to their specific disease characteristics, resulting in optimized treatment for disease remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane Langdon
- a College of Medicine and Dentistry , James Cook University , Douglas , Townsville , Australia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- b College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Douglas , Townsville , Australia
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11
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The Role of High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Its Crosstalk with Microbiome in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5230374. [PMID: 29200665 PMCID: PMC5672636 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5230374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, definitely disabling, and potentially severe autoimmune disease. Although an increasing number of patients are affected, a key treatment for all patients has not been discovered. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein passively and actively released by almost all cell types after several stimuli. HMGB1 is involved in RA pathogenesis, but a convincing explanation about its role and possible modulation in RA is still lacking. Microbiome and its homeostasis are altered in patients with RA, and the microbiota restoration has been proposed to patients with RA. The purpose of the present review is to analyze the available evidences regarding HMGB1 and microbiome roles in RA and the possible implications of the crosstalk between the nuclear protein and microbiome in understanding and possibly treating patients affected by this harmful condition.
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