Sodium ions directed self-assembly with 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (3,5-pdc) and 4-pyridinecarboxylate (4-pc)

Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition of Alkali Metal Based Thin Films

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is the fastest growing thin-film technology in microelectronics, but it is also recognized as a promising fabrication strategy for various alkali-metal-based thin films in emerging energy technologies, the spearhead application being the Li-ion battery. Since the pioneering work in 2009 for Li-containing thin films, the field has been rapidly growing and also widened from lithium to other alkali metals. Moreover, alkali-metal-based metal-organic thin films have been successfully grown by combining molecular layer deposition (MLD) cycles of the organic molecules with the ALD cycles of the alkali metal precursor. The current literature describes already around 100 ALD and ALD/MLD processes for alkali-metal-bearing materials. Interestingly, some of these materials cannot even be made by any other synthesis route. In this review, our intention is to present the current state of research in the field by (i) summarizing the ALD and ALD/MLD processes so far developed for the different alkali metals, (ii) highlighting the most intriguing thin-film materials obtained thereof, and (iii) addressing both the advantages and limitations of ALD and MLD in the application space of these materials. Finally, (iv) a brief outlook for the future perspectives and challenges of the field is given.

Sodium (1R,2S,5S)-2-hydroxy-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-2-carboxylate pentahydrate

In the title compound, Na⁺·C₁₀H₁₅O₃⁻·5H₂O, the vertices of a distorted octa­hedron centred on the Na⁺ cation are defined by six O atoms of water mol­ecules. The edge-sharing Na(H₂O)₆ octa­hedra form a chain extended along the b-axis direction with adjacent Na⁺ cations related by a twofold screw symmetry operation. The organic anion, which is not in close contact with the Na⁺ cation, is hydrogen-bonded to an uncoordinated water mol­ecule and to water mol­ecules of the Na(H₂O)₆ octa­hedra.