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Loftus LM, Olson EC, Stewart DJ, Phillips AT, Arumugam K, Cooper TM, Haley JE, Grusenmeyer TA. Zn Coordination and the Identity of the Halide Ancillary Ligand Dramatically Influence the Excited-State Dynamics and Bimolecular Reactions of 2,3-Di(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[ g]quinoxaline. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16570-16583. [PMID: 34662517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of coordination complexes with ligands containing nitrogen heterocycles have been extensively studied for decades. One subclass of these materials, metal complexes utilizing substituted pyrazines and quinoxalines as ligands, has been employed in a variety of photochemical applications ranging from photodynamic therapy to organic light-emitting diodes. A vast majority of this work focuses on characterization of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states in these metal complexes; however, literature reports rarely investigate the photophysics of the parent pyrazine or quinoxaline ligand or perform control experiments utilizing metal complexes that lack low-lying charge-transfer (CT) states in order to determine how metal-atom coordination influences the photophysical properties of the ligand. With this in mind, we examined the steady-state and time-resolved photophysics of 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[g]quinoxaline (dpb) and explored how the coordination of ZnX2 (X = Cl-, Br-, I-) affects the photophysical properties of dpb. In dpb, we find that the dominant mode of deactivation from the singlet excited state is intersystem crossing (ISC). Coordination of ZnX2 perturbs the relative energies of the ππ* and nπ* excited states of dpb, leading to drastically different rates of ISC as well as radiative and nonradiative decay in the [Zn(dpb)X2] complexes compared to dpb. These differences in the rates change the dominant singlet-excited-state decay pathway from ISC in dpb to a mixture of ISC and fluorescence in [Zn(dpb)Cl2] and [Zn(dpb)Br2] and to nonradiative decay in [Zn(dpb)I2]. Coordination of ZnX2 and the choice of the halide ligand also have profound effects on the rate constants for excited-state bimolecular reactions, including triplet-triplet annihilation and oxygen quenching. These results demonstrate that metal coordination, even in complexes lacking low-lying CT states, and the choice of the ancillary ligand can dramatically alter the photophysical properties of chromophores containing nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Loftus
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States.,General Dynamics Information Technology, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Emma C Olson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States.,Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - David J Stewart
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Alexis T Phillips
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States.,Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Kuppuswamy Arumugam
- Wright State University, Department of Chemistry, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Thomas M Cooper
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Joy E Haley
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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A new 1D Zn(II) coordination polymer containing 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine ligand: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and physicochemical studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kokina TE, Rakhmanova MI, Shekhovtsov NA, Glinskaya LA, Komarov VY, Agafontsev AM, Baranov AY, Plyusnin PE, Sheludyakova LA, Tkachev AV, Bushuev MB. Luminescent Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) complexes with chiral 2,2′-bipyridine ligands bearing natural monoterpene groups: synthesis, speciation in solution and photophysics. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7552-7563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of chiral ligands containing a 2,2′-bipyridine moiety and natural terpene (+)-limonene or (+)-3-carene groups to zinc(ii) and cadmium(ii) leads to excitation wavelength dependent emission.
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Sukhanova AA, Zuev MI, Prezent MA, Proshin AN, Baranin SV, Bubnov YN. Synthesis of new 4-(pyrimidin-4-yl)pyrazol-3-one derivatives. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Berezin AS, Vinogradova KA, Nadolinny VA, Sukhikh TS, Krivopalov VP, Nikolaenkova EB, Bushuev MB. Temperature- and excitation wavelength-dependent emission in a manganese(ii) complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1657-1665. [PMID: 29327747 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A mononuclear manganese(ii) complex with a chelating 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine ligand (L), [MnL2Cl2]·H2O, shows intriguing excitation wavelength-dependent emission. Depending on the excitation wavelength, the complex demonstrates three emission bands with the maxima at 380 nm, 440 nm and 495 nm. The 380 nm and 440 nm emissions originate from the π → π* and n → π* ligand-centered transitions. The long-wave 495 nm emission with microsecond lifetimes is related to the d-d transitions and/or metal-to-ligand and halogen-to-ligand charge transfer. The emission behavior of this complex is strongly temperature-dependent: upon cooling from 300 K down to 77 K, the intensity of emission considerably increases. The enhancement of the luminescence upon cooling is accompanied by the appearance of the vibrational structure. This complex is the first example of manganese(ii) complexes demonstrating excitation wavelength-dependent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Berezin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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A Hirshfeld surface analysis, synthesis, structure and characterization of a new Ni(II) diamagnetic complex with the bidentate ligand homopiperazine. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Thakur S, Roy S, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Chattopadhyay S. Estimation of non-covalent C H⋯π, π⋯π (chelate ring) and hydrogen bonding interactions in vanadium(V) Schiff base complexes: Methylene spacer regulated variation in self-assembly. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nbili W, Soudani S, Kaabi K, Wojtaś M, Ferretti V, Lefebvre F, Jelsch C, Ben Nasr C. Crystal and geometry-optimized structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and physicochemical studies of a new Co(II) complex with the ligand 2-amino-6-methoxypyrimidine. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ben Nasr M, Soudani S, Lefebvre F, Jelsch C, Ben Nasr C. Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, quantum mechanical study and spectroscopic characterization of the non-centrosymmetric coordination compound bis(4-fluoroaniline)dichloridozincate. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nbili W, Kaabi K, Ferenc W, Cristovão B, Lefebvre F, Jelsch C, Ben Nasr C. A Hirshfeld surface analysis, supramolecular structure and magnetic properties of a new Cu(II) complex with the 4-amino-6-methoxypyrimidine ligand. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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García-Holley P, Ortiz-Pastrana N, Toscano RA, Flores-Álamo M, Barba-Behrens N. Versatile coordination modes of ronidazole towards transition metal ions: five and seven membered chelate rings; supramolecular networks. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Suvanvapee P, Boonmak J, Youngme S. Structural diversity and luminescent properties of cyanoacetato zinc/cadmium coordination polymers with N,N′-ditopic auxiliary ligands. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nbili W, Zeller M, Lefebvre F, Ben Nasr C. Synthesis, structure and characterization of two new Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes with the bidentate ligand 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethanaminium (AEEA). J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Design and structural studies of diimine/CdX2 (X=Cl, I) complexes based on 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane ligand. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alfaro-Fuentes I, López-Sandoval H, Mijangos E, Duarte-Hernández AM, Rodriguez-López G, Bernal-Uruchurtu MI, Contreras R, Flores-Parra A, Barba-Behrens N. Metal coordination compounds derived from tinidazole and transition metals. Halogen and oxygen lone pair···π interactions. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a Novel 1D Coordination Polymer [Cd2(PMP)2Cl4] n Bridged via μ-Cl. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-012-9710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kaabi K, Zeller M, Ferretti V, Pereira Silva P, Ben Nasr C. Synthesis, characterization and supramolecular structure of three new Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with the potentially bidentate ligand 2-amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4(1H)-one (AMPO). Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Copper(II) and copper(I) tetrafluoroborate complexes with 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine (L): Synthesis, structures and luminescence. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bushuev MB, Gatilov YV, Krivopalov VP, Nikolaenkova EB. Copper(II) complex with 6-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine: synthesis, crystal structure, and electronic spectroscopy. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.657187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Bushuev
- a Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , 3, Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
- b Department of Natural Sciences , Novosibirsk State University (National Research University) , 2, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Yuri V. Gatilov
- c N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Viktor P. Krivopalov
- c N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Elena B. Nikolaenkova
- c N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
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