Synthetic stratagem, characterization and biocidal applications of triorganotin(IV) complexes derived from hydrazide/hydrazone analogues

Transition metal complexes of hydrazones as potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents: A short review

Hydrazones display an interesting profile of biological activities, which includes mainly antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties. Hydrazones also play an important role in the synthesis of heterocyclic rings and in coordination chemistry. Currently, the synthesis of complexes of hydrazones with transition metals is quite frequently reported in the scientific literature. The interest in this topic is largely due to diverse biological activities of the metal complexes of hydrazones that in some cases are much more effective than hydrazones themselves. This review focuses on the complexes of hydrazones with transition metals which display antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal and anticancer activities. In the following subchapters devoted to a given activity, an attempt has been made to present the most active complexes of hydrazones, their trends in their activity and application in medicinal chemistry. The paper presents the literature data from 2009 to 2023. This review constitutes a useful guide for the researchers who intend to synthesize and investigate complexes of hydrazones in terms of their antimicrobial and anticancer activities.

Aroylhydrazone Diorganotin Complexes Causes DNA Damage and Apoptotic Cell Death: From Chemical Synthesis to Biochemical Effects

Under microwave irradiation, eighteen new aroylhydrazone diorganotin complexes (1a–9b) were produced through the reaction of aroylhydrazine, 2-ketobutyric acid, and the corresponding diorganotin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, high-resolution mass spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to characterize the complexes. The in vitro anticancer activity for complexes were assessed using a CCK-8 assay on human cancer cells of HepG2, NCI-H460, and MCF-7. Complex 4b revealed more intensive anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells than the other complexes and cisplatin. Flow cytometry analysis and transmission electron microscope observation demonstrated that complex 4b mediated cell apoptosis of MCF-7 cells and arrested cell cycle in S phase. Western blotting analysis showed that 4b induced DNA damage in MCF-7 cells and led to apoptosis by the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway. The single cell gel electrophoreses assay results showed that 4b induced DNA damage. The DNA binding activity of 4b was studied by UV–Visible absorption spectrometry, fluorescence competitive, viscosity measurements, gel electrophoresis, and molecular docking, and the results show that 4b can be well embedded in the groove and cleave DNA.

Preparation, structural elucidation and biocidal applications of trimethyltin(IV) complexes derived from substituted carboxylic acids

A series of trimethyltin(IV) carboxylates (1-7), having general formula [(CH₃)₃SnOOCR], where R = 3-CF₃C₆H₄- (1), 3,4-(OCH₂CH₃)₂ C₆H₃- (2), 3-FC₆H₄- (3), 4-ClC₆H₅- (4), 2,4-(OCH₃)₂C₆H₃- (5), 4-NO₂C₆H₄- (6), 5-CH₃C₄H₂N₂- (7) have been synthesized and are characterized by using analytical techniques like, FT-IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopy in addition to elemental analyses. To validate the structural motif, one of the complex (2) was also analyzed by single crystal XRD technique. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the molecular species exist in one dimensional polymeric chain, wherein five coordinated tin is attached to two oxygens of the carboxyl and three carbon atoms of CH₃ groups, whereas the bond angles for C-Sn-C (117.20-121.65°), C-Sn-O (87.87-98.60°) and O-Sn-O (173.75°) lie in the predictable range of distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. All the synthesized complexes were also subjected to preliminary screening for various biocidal applications such as antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, protein kinase inhibition and brine shrimp lethality test to check their efficacy. The compound 6 exhibits very good antibacterial activity having MIC value 6.25 μg/mL against K. pneumoniae, whereas antidiabetic and protein kinase inhibition data revealed that 1 and 2 may serve as good to moderately effective inhibitors, respectively.