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Hussein A, Eid M, Mahmoud SED, Sabry M, Altaher A. The Outcomes of PBMV in Pregnancy, and When is the Best Time? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:13-20. [PMID: 36687312 PMCID: PMC9849788 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s388754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is considered the most suitable option for managing symptomatic severe mitral valve stenosis (MS) during pregnancy with favorable anatomy. We do not know the best time to perform PBMV during pregnancy to achieve the best maternal and fetal outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this study to clarify the best procedure timing. Methods This prospective, observational, single-center study involved 44 pregnant patients suffering from symptomatic MS who underwent PBMV from May 2017 to May 2020. A detailed history is taken, full clinical examination, laboratory assessment, 2 D echocardiography, and follow-up during the hospital stay and monthly until labor. Results We found that the mean mitral valve area (MVA) had significantly increased from 1.12 ± 0.24 to 2.09 ± 0.46 cm2 (P < 0.001). The mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve reduced from 17.22 ± 5.55 to 8.94 ± 3.75 mmHg (P < 0.001). The procedures were successful in 91% of the patients. Regarding obstetric outcomes, the incidence of preterm labor, fetal death, and composite adverse outcomes was significantly lower in patients who had the procedure during the second trimester than those who had the procedure during the third trimester. All preterm deliveries and intrauterine fetal deaths occurred at least 21 days after PBMV. The patients showed a statistically significant improvement in NYHA functional classification. Conclusion We can conclude that PBMV performed in pregnant patients is an effective and safe treatment modality, and we observed better obstetric outcomes achieved with early intervention during the second trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hussein
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt, Sohag, Egypt,Correspondence: Ahmed Hussein, Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Nasser City, Sohag, 82524, Egypt, Tel +2 01011145537, Fax +2 0934600349, Email
| | - Mohamed Eid
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sharaf E D Mahmoud
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sabry
- Department of OB/GYN, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ali Altaher
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Egypt, Sohag, Egypt
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Immediate maternal and fetal outcome following percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy: a 6-year single-center experience from sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:1616-1620. [PMID: 35129101 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121004716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitral stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease during pregnancy. When severe, it leads to significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy can be performed during pregnancy, and the present study aimed to describe the immediate maternal and fetal outcomes after percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy was done in a cohort of 23 pregnant patients with severe mitral stenosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS Included in the current study were all pregnant mothers who had severe rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and who underwent percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy at the Cardiac Center of Ethiopia over 6-year period. Data were collected through chart abstraction using a structured proforma and then analysed using STATA version 13.0. RESULT Median gestational age was 22 weeks and percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy was successful resulting in a significant increase in the mean mitral valve area of the group from 0.78 ± 0.20 cm2 to 1.89 ± 0.31 cm2 (p < 0.001). The mean mitral valve inflow gradient of the group was 23.95 ± 6.27 mmHg and 6.80 ± 2.44 mmHg, respectively, before and after the percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy procedure (p < 0.001). Post-procedure, there was no significant increment in mitral valve incompetence. The mean pulmonary artery pressure of the group decreased from 77.68 ± 23.19 mmHg to 42.31 ± 9.95 mmHg (p < 0.001). There was no fetal or maternal death following the procedure. Pregnancy ended at term gestation for 19/23 (82.6%) of the mothers and the mean birth weight of the neonates was 2800 g. CONCLUSION Percutaneous mitral valve balloon commissurotomy procedure can safely be done for severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis in pregnancy in our setting.
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Turi ZG. The 40th Anniversary of Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty for Mitral Stenosis: Current Status. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2022; 6:100087. [PMID: 37288059 PMCID: PMC10242581 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2022.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV), once the most complex of percutaneous cardiac procedures and essentially the first adult structural heart intervention, set the stage for a host of new technologies. Randomized studies comparing PBMV to surgery were the first to provide a high-level evidence base in structural heart. The devices used have changed little in 40 years, but the advent of improved imaging and the expertise gained in interventional cardiology has provided some additional procedural safety. However, with the decline in rheumatic heart disease, PBMV is being performed in fewer patients in industrialized nations; in turn, these patients have more comorbidities, less favorable anatomy, and thus a higher rate of procedure-related complications. There remain relatively few experienced operators, and the procedure is distinct enough from the rest of the structural heart intervention world that it has its own steep learning curve. This article reviews the use of PBMV in a variety of clinical settings, the influence of anatomic and physiologic factors on outcomes, the changes in the guidelines, and alternative approaches. PBMV remains the procedure of choice in patients with mitral stenosis with ideal anatomy and a useful tool in patients with less than ideal anatomy who are poor surgical candidates. In the 40 years since its first performance, PBMV has revolutionized the care of mitral stenosis patients in developing countries and remains an important option for suitable patients in industrialized nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan G. Turi
- Address correspondence to: Zoltan G. Turi, MD, Structural and Congenital Heart Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ 07601.
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Khanal S, Yamasandi Siddegowda S, Kumar B. Balloon Mitral Valvotomy With the Accura Double-Lumen Balloon Catheter: Immediate and One-Year Clinical Outcomes. Cureus 2022; 14:e24610. [PMID: 35651439 PMCID: PMC9138188 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the decline in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease in developed countries, the disease still remains endemic among individuals of low socioeconomic status. The aim of the study is to assess immediate and one-year outcomes of balloon mitral valvotomy using the double-lumen Accura balloon (Vascular Innovations Co., Nonthaburi, Thailand) in patients with mitral valve stenosis. Methods This was a single-centre, observational, investigator-initiated retrospective study. All consecutive patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy with the Accura balloon between January 2015 and June 2020 were included. The primary endpoint was procedural success defined as an increase in mitral valve area (MVA) ≥50% from basal valve area or final valve area of ≥1.5 cm2, in the absence of mitral regurgitation grade >2. Clinical, echocardiographic, and haemodynamic parameters were assessed at the one-year follow-up. Results A total of 62 patients underwent balloon mitral valvotomy. The mean age was 34.9 ± 8.0 years, and 54 (87.1%) patients were female. Mean Wilkins' echo score was 7.5 ± 0.5. Procedural success was achieved in 59 (96.7%) patients. Mean MVA increased from 0.75 ± 0.14 cm2 to 1.64 ± 0.21 cm2, and mean mitral valve gradient decreased from 24.9 ± 5.5 mmHg to 7.30 ± 1.40 mmHg. Atrial fibrillation, mitral valve replacement, and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation occurred in 36 (59.0%), two (3.3%), and two (3.3%) patients, respectively. No death, cerebrovascular accidents, restenosis, or redo procedures occurred. Conclusion Balloon mitral valvotomy using the double-lumen Accura balloon is safe in patients with mitral valve stenosis.
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Cupido B, Zühlke L, Osman A, van Dyk D, Sliwa K. Managing Rheumatic Heart Disease in Pregnancy: A Practical Evidence-Based Multidisciplinary Approach. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:2045-2055. [PMID: 34571164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in pregnant patients in low- to middle-income countries. Apart from the clinical challenges, these areas face poor infrastructure and resources to allow for early detection, with many women presenting to medical services for the first time when they deteriorate clinically during the pregnancy. The opportunity for preconception counselling and planning may thus be lost. It is ideal for all women to be seen before conception and risk-stratified according to their clinical state and pathology. The role of the cardio-obstetrics team has emerged over the past decade with the aim of a seamless transition to and from the appropriate levels of care during pregnancy. Severe symptomatic mitral and aortic valve stenoses portend the greatest risk to both mother and fetus. In mitral stenosis, beta-blockers are the cornerstone of therapy and only a small number of patients require balloon valvuloplasty. Regurgitant lesions mostly require diuretics alone for the treatment of heart failure. The mode of delivery is usually vaginal; caesarean section is performed in those with obstetrical indications or in cases with severe stenosis and a poor clinical state. The postpartum period presents a second high-risk period for maternal adverse events, with heart failure and arrhythmias being the most frequent. This review aims to provide a practical evidence-based multi-disciplinary approach to the management of women with RHD in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche Cupido
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Deanery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ayesha Osman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dominique van Dyk
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Khanna R, Chandra D, Yadav S, Sahu A, Singh N, Kumar S, Garg N, Tewari S, Kapoor A, Pradhan M, Goel PK. Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant females with rheumatic heart disease. Indian Heart J 2021; 73:185-189. [PMID: 33865516 PMCID: PMC8065369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac diseases are seen in 1–3% of pregnancies. In developing countries rheumatic heart disease (RHD) contributes a major cause of cardiac disorders. Objective To study the maternal and fetal outcome in women with valvular heart disease or prosthetic heart valve replacement secondary to RHD in a tertiary care center. Method The consecutive pregnant women with RHD attending our institute from May 2018 to August 2019 were included. A maternal adverse outcome was defined as cardiac death, new onset arrhythmia, heart failure, thromboembolic event, hospitalization for other cardiac reasons or cardiac intervention, aortic dissection, infective endocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. Fetal adverse outcome defined as fetal death, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Result Total 80 patients were included in this study, native RHD in 60(75%) and 20(25%) had mechanical prosthetic valve replacement. Maternal adverse event occurred in 34(42.5%), comprising of death in 1(1.2%), new onset AF 2(2.5%), 20(25%) underwent balloon mitral valvotomy, 3(3.7%) underwent mitral valve replacement, heart failure hospitalization in 7(8.7%). 1(1.2%) patient developed mitral valve infective endocarditis. Preterm delivery occurred in 19(23.7%), 7(8.7%) abortions and 1(1.2%) intrauterine death. Fetuses with low birth weight were 43(53.7%). Pregnancy with live birth occurred in 57(95%) women with valvular heart disease but no prosthesis and 16(80%) women with prosthetic valve disease. Conclusion Women with rheumatic heart disease carry a high risk both for mother and fetus. Early diagnosis, close follow-up during pregnancy, early recognition of deterioration in symptoms and timely cardiac intervention can lead to good maternal or fetal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopali Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| | - Deepti Chandra
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankit Sahu
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Maternal and Reproductive Health, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudeep Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Garg
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Satyendra Tewari
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Aditya Kapoor
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Mandakini Pradhan
- Department of Maternal and Reproductive Health, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Pravin K Goel
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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