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Choi JH, Kim S. Biochemical Properties and Antithrombotic Effect of a Serine Protease Isolated from the Medicinal Mushroom Pycnoporus coccineus (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:53-68. [PMID: 38801087 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024053631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The purification of a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruiting bodies of wild-growing medicinal mushroom, Pycnoporus coccineus was achieved through a two-step procedure, resulting in its homogeneity. This purification process yielded a significant 4.13-fold increase in specific activity and an 8.0% recovery rate. The molecular weight of P. coccineus fibrinolytic enzyme (PCFE) was estimated to be 23 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. PCFE demonstrated its optimal activity at a temperature of 40 °C and pH 8. Notably, the enzymatic activity was inhibited by the presence of zinc or copper metal ions, as well as serine protease inhibitors, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 4-amidinophenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. PCFE exhibited remarkable specificity towards a synthetic chromogenic substrate for thrombin. The enzyme demonstrated the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), maximal velocity (V ), and catalytic rate constant (Kcat) values of 3.01 mM, 0.33 mM min-1 μg-1, and 764.1 s-1, respectively. In vitro assays showed PCFE's ability to effectively degrade fibrin and blood clots. The enzyme induced alterations in the density and structural characteristics of fibrin clots. PCFE exhibited significant effects on various clotting parameters, including recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, serotonin secretion from thrombin-activated platelets, and thrombin-induced acute thromboembolism. These findings suggest that P. coccineus holds potential as an antithrombotic biomaterials and resources for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Song SY, Choi JH, Kim S, Lee HJ, Park JW, Park DH, Bae CS, Cho SS. Partial Purification and Biochemical Evaluation of Protease Fraction (MA-1) from Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii and Its Fibrinolytic Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1558. [PMID: 37627553 PMCID: PMC10451839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidative proteolytic fraction, MA-1, was partially purified from Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii. MA-1 was purified to homogeneity using a two-step procedure, which resulted in an 89-fold increase in specific activity and 42.5% recovery. SDS-PAGE revealed two proteins with a molecular weight of 48 kDa. The zymography results revealed proteolytic activity based on the MA-1 band. MA-1 was found to be stable in the presence of Na+, Ca2+, Fe3+, K+, and Mg2+. MA-1 was also stable in methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and its enzyme activity increased by 15% in SDS. MA-1 was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid or ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and exerted the highest specificity for the substrate, MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr-pNA, for chymotrypsin. Accordingly, MA-1 belongs to the family of chymotrypsin-like metalloproteins. The optimum temperature was 40 °C and stability was stable in the range of 20 to 35 °C. The optimum pH and stability were pH 5.5 and pH 4-11. MA-1 exhibited stronger fibrinolytic activity than plasmin. MA-1 hydrolyzed the Aα, Bβ, and γ chains of fibrinogen within 2 h. MA-1 exhibited an antithrombotic effect in animal models. MA-1 was devoid of hemorrhagic activity at a dose of 80,000 U/kg. Overall, our results show that M. aitchisonii produces an acid-tolerant and antioxidative chymotrypsin-like fibrinolytic enzyme, and M. aitchisonii containing MA-1 could be a beneficial functional material for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yub Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.L.); (S.-Y.S.); (J.W.P.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 58554, Republic of Korea
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Purification, biochemical characterization and fibrinolytic potential of proteases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus: a systematic literature review. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:503. [PMID: 35852634 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a hematological disorder characterized by the formation of intravascular thrombi, which contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Fibrinolytic enzymes are proteases that promote the hydrolysis of fibrin, promoting the dissolution of thrombi, contributing to the maintenance of adequate blood flow. The characterization of new effective, safe and low-cost fibrinolytic agents is an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. However, the development of new fibrinolytics requires the use of complex methodologies for purification, physicochemical characterization and evaluation of the action potential and toxicity of these enzymes. In this context, microbial enzymes produced by bacteria of the Bacillus genus are promising and widely researched sources to produce new fibrinolytics, with high thrombolytic potential and reduced toxicity. Thus, this review aims to provide a current and comprehensive understanding of the different Bacillus species used for the production of fibrinolytic proteases, highlighting the purification techniques, biochemical characteristics, enzymatic activity and toxicological evaluations used.
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Purification and Characterization of a Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Marine Bacillus velezensis Z01 and Assessment of Its Therapeutic Efficacy In Vivo. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050843. [PMID: 35630289 PMCID: PMC9145925 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes are the most effective agents for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. In the present study, we purified and characterized an extracellular fibrinolytic serine metalloprotease (named Velefibrinase) that is produced by marine Bacillus velezensis Z01 and assessed its thrombolysis in vivo. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses showed that the molecular mass of Velefibrinase was 32.3 KDa and belonged to the peptidase S8 family. The optimal fibrinolytic activity conditions of Velefibrinase were 40 °C and pH 7.0. Moreover, Velefibrinase exhibited high substrate specificity to fibrin, and a higher ratio of fibrinolytic/caseinolytic (1.48) values, which indicated that Velefibrinase had excellent fibrinolytic properties. Based on the degradation pattern of fibrin and fibrinogen, Velefibrinase could be classified as α/β-fibrinogenase. In vitro, Velefibrinase demonstrated efficient thrombolytic ability, anti-platelet aggregation, and amelioration of blood coagulation (APTT, PT, TT, and FIB), which were superior to those of commercial anticoagulant urokinase. Velefibrinase showed no hemolysis for erythrocyte in vitro and no hemorrhagic activity in vivo. Finally, Velefibrinase effectively prevented mouse tail thrombosis in a dose-dependent (0.22–0.88 mg/kg) manner. These findings suggested that Velefibrinase has the potential to becoming a new thrombolytic agent.
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Badoei-Dalfard A, Saeed M, Karami Z. Protease immobilization on activated chitosan/cellulose acetate electrospun nanofibrous polymers: Biochemical characterization and efficient protein waste digestion. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2056450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahla Saeed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Ha G, Yang HJ, Ryu MS, Jeong SJ, Jeong DY, Park S. Bacterial Community and Anti-Cerebrovascular Disease-Related Bacillus Species Isolated from Traditionally Made Kochujang from Different Provinces of Korea. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112238. [PMID: 34835364 PMCID: PMC8618569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally made Kochujang (TMK) is a long-term fermented soybean and rice mixture with red pepper and salts. The ambient bacteria in rice straw and nutrient components of Kochujang influence the bacteria community. We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition and quality of TMK from different provinces of Korea: Chungcheung (CC), Jeolla (JL), Kyungsang (KS), and GeongGee plus Kangwon (GK) provinces, and Jeju island (JJ). Furthermore, Bacillus spp. isolated from TMK were studied to have anti-cerebrovascular disease activity and probiotic properties. Seventy-three TMK samples from different regions were collected to assess the biogenic amine contents, bacteria composition using next-generation methods, and bacterial functions using Picrust2. Bacillus spp. was isolated from the collected TMK, and their antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and angiotensin I conversion enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities and probiotic properties were examined. KS TMK had lower sodium contents than the other TMK. There were no significant differences in histamine and tyramine contents among the TMK samples in different provinces. The predominant bacteria in TMK was Bacillus spp., but KS included much less Bacillus spp. and higher Enterococcus and Staphylococcus than the other TMK. Gene expression related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was higher in KS TMK than the other TMK in Picrust2. The predominant Bacillus spp. isolated from TMK was B. subtilis and B. velezensis. B. subtilis SRCM117233, SRCM117245, and SRCM117253 had antioxidant activity, whereas B. subtilis had higher fibrinolytic activity than other Bacillus spp. Only B. velezensis SRCM117254, SRCM117311, SRCM117314, and SRCM117318 had over 10% ACE inhibitory activity. In conclusion, KS had less Bacillus related to lower sodium contents than the other TMK. The specific strains of B. subtilis and B. velezensis had antioxidant, fibrinolytic, and ACE inhibitory activity, and they can be used as a starter culture to produce better quality controlled Kochujang with anti-cerebrovascular disease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangsu Ha
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun 56000, Korea; (G.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (M.-S.R.); (S.-J.J.)
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun 56000, Korea; (G.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (M.-S.R.); (S.-J.J.)
| | - Myeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun 56000, Korea; (G.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (M.-S.R.); (S.-J.J.)
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun 56000, Korea; (G.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (M.-S.R.); (S.-J.J.)
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-Gun 56000, Korea; (G.H.); (H.-J.Y.); (M.-S.R.); (S.-J.J.)
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.J.); (S.P.)
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Karami Z, Tamri H, Badoei-dalfard A. Immobilization of Protease KHB3 onto Magnetic Metal–Organic Frameworks and Investigation of Its Biotechnological Applications. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kim KT, Jagannath MSP, Su GM, Freychet G, Zeng T, Mohanty KK, Henkelman G, Katz LE, Werth CJ. Surfactant inhibition mechanisms of carbonate mineral dissolution in shale. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khankari S, Badoei-Dalfard A, Karami Z. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates of Fibrinolytic Protease BC1 Immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles (CLEAs-Fib-mChi): Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2004-2027. [PMID: 33538961 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic proteases achieved more attention in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, so purification, characterization, and activity enhancement are of prime importance. In this study, a fibrinolytic serine metalloprotease was purified from the culture supernatant from Bacillus sp. BC1. It was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure with a 24-fold increase in specific activity and a 33.1% yield. It showed 28 kDa molecular weight, while its optimal pH and temperature were obtained 8 and 50-60 °C. The cross-link enzyme aggregates of this fibrinolytic BC1 successfully immobilized on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles. A 52% activity enhancement was obtained by immobilized enzyme at pH 6.0, compared to free protease. Km values of the free and immobilized proteases were obtained about 0.638 and 0.61 mg/ml, respectively. The free and immobilized enzymes did not show any activity concerning transferrin, γ-globulins, and hemoglobin, as blood plasma proteins. The in vitro blood clot lysis test of the free and immobilized proteases showed a maximum of 42 and 50% clot lysis, which was comparatively higher than that revealed by streptokinase and heparin at the same condition. These results indicated that the free and immobilized proteases have the potential to be effective fibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Khankari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Badoei-dalfard A, Khankari S, Karami Z. One-pot synthesis and biochemical characterization of protease metal organic framework (protease@MOF) and its application on the hydrolysis of fish protein-waste. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Barros PDSD, Silva PECE, Nascimento TP, Costa RMPB, Bezerra RP, Porto ALF. Fibrinolytic enzyme from Arthrospira platensis cultivated in medium culture supplemented with corn steep liquor. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3446-3453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim C, Ri K, Choe S. A novel fibrinolytic enzymes from the Korean traditional fermented food-Jotgal: Purification and characterization. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13255. [PMID: 32468603 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic activity in Korean traditional fermented food, Jotgal (pickled fish) was identified. Though the fibrinolytic activity could vary in different kinds of Jotgal, this activity seems to be produced by microorganisms during the natural fermentation stage. From Gonjaengijot (pickled opossum shrimp), two novel fibrinolytic enzymes named by JP-I and JP-II, have been purified by ethanol precipitation, Bio-GEL P-100 gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. Compared to the crude enzyme extract, the specific activity of the JP-I and JP-II increased 258, 85-fold with the recovery of 22.1, 8.5%, respectively. The molecular weights of both enzymes were estimated as 36 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The optimal condition for fibrinolytic activity of JP-I was at 50°C and pH 8.1, while that of JP-II was at 45°C and 9.9. Both enzymes were stable at a broad range of pH (5.0 to 10.5) and have metalloprotease nature. From these results, it concludes that these enzymes could be a novel potent thrombolytic agent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The fibrinolytic enzyme is one of the clinical agents for cardiovascular diseases which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 17 million deaths every year. A variety of fibrinolytic enzymes are found and characterized from various sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, and new sources for fibrinolytic enzymes continue to be explored. Jotgal, widely used in Korean people's diet, is a traditional Korean seafood prepared from many different types of fishes, fish eggs, fish intestines, and shellfishes. Through an amount of research, some of fibrinolytic enzymes were found and purified from Jotgal, however, no studies have been done on fibrinolytic enzyme from opossum shrimp. In this study, the purification, enzymatic characteristics, and fibrinolytic activity of the proteases, originated from Korean traditional fermented food, Jotgal were reported. These enzymes could be novel potent thrombolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholho Kim
- Biological Industry Research Center, High-Technology Development Institution, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Kwangok Ri
- Biological Industry Research Center, High-Technology Development Institution, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea
| | - Sunil Choe
- Biological Industry Research Center, High-Technology Development Institution, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea.,School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Accumanno GM, Richards VA, Gunther NW, Hickey ME, Lee JL. Purification and characterization of the thermostable protease produced by Serratia grimesii isolated from channel catfish. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2428-2437. [PMID: 30362163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial spoilage of fishery products accounts for significant financial losses, yearly on a global scale. Psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria often secrete extracellular enzymes to break down surrounding fish tissue, rendering the product unsuitable for human consumption. For a better understanding of bacterial spoilage due to enzymatic digestion of fish products, proteases in Serratia grimesii isolated from North American catfish fillets (Ictalurus punctatus) were investigated. RESULTS Mass spectrometric evidence demonstrated that S. grimesii secretes two distinct extracellular proteases and one lipase. Protease secretion displayed broad thermostability in the 30-90 °C range. The major protease-secretion (O-1) was most active under alkaline conditions and utilized manganese as a co-factor. Organic solvents significantly disrupted the efficacy of S. grimesii extracellular enzymes and, in a series of bactericidal detergents, protease activity was highest when treated with Triton X-100. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) significantly inhibited the enzyme activity, while protease was moderately stable under freeze-thaw and refrigerated storage. CONCLUSION The influence of fish spoilage-related enzymes, depending on various factors, is discussed in this paper. This study will provide new insight into enzymatic spoilage and its control, which can be exploited to enhance food safety and the shelf-life of fishery products worldwide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Accumanno
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Food Microbiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Vanessa A Richards
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Food Microbiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Nereus W Gunther
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Hickey
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jung-Lim Lee
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Food Microbiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
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da Silva MM, Rocha TA, de Moura DF, Chagas CA, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, da Silva Santos NP, Da Silva Sobral RV, do Nascimento JM, Lima Leite AC, Pastrana L, Costa RMPB, Nascimento TP, Porto ALF. Effect of acute exposure in swiss mice (Mus musculus) to a fibrinolytic protease produced by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262: An histomorphometric, genotoxic and cytological approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 103:282-291. [PMID: 30790607 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 was obtained by solid fermentation and purified by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A50. The enzyme toxicity was evaluated using mammalian cell lineages: HEK-293, J774.A1, Sarcoma-180 and PBMCs which appeared to be viable at a level of 80%. The biochemical parameters of the mice treated with an acute dose of enzyme (2000 mg/mL) identified alterations of AST and ALT and the histomorphometric analysis of the liver showed a loss of endothelial cells (P < 0.001). However, these changes are considered minimal to affirm that there was a significant degree of hepatotoxicity. The comet assay and the micronucleus test did not identify damage in the DNA of the erythrocytes of the animals treated. The protease did not degrade the Aα and Bβ chains of human and bovine fibrinogens, thus indicating that it does not act as anticoagulant, but rather as a fibrinolytic agent. The assay performed to assess blood biocompatibility shows that at dose of 0.3-5 mg/mL the hemolytic grade is considered insignificant. Moreover, the enzyme did not prolong bleeding time in mice when dosed with 1 mg/kg. These results indicate that this enzyme produced is a potential competitor for developing novel antithrombotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marllyn Marques da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tamiris Alves Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Feijó de Moura
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Noêmia Pereira da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Cell Culture, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Renata Vitória Da Silva Sobral
- Laboratory of Research in Biotechnology and Hemoderivatives, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Miranda do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Research in Biotechnology and Hemoderivatives, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratory of Research in Biotechnology and Hemoderivatives, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Pajeú Nascimento
- Laboratory of Bioactive Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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