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Huang S, Li Z, Jiang S, Xu M. Metabolomic study on the protective effect of isoorientin against myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:81-88. [PMID: 35151208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has become one of the largest threats to human life. Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia caused by myocardial infarction are important causes of myocardial cell injury. Compared with chemical drugs, botanical drugs that are natural antioxidants have relatively few toxic side effects. Isoorientin (ISO), a C-glucosyl flavone with a chemical nomenclature, exists in the human diet and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in other diseases. However, its role in myocardial infarction has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of ISO administration on cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction, on ROS levels in H9C2 myocardial cells after hypoxia in vitro, and on metabolomic changes in mice after myocardial infarction. We found that ISO improved cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction and inhibited hypoxia-induced oxidative stress injury in H9C2 cells in vitro. We also found through metabolomic analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis that ISO significantly changed metabolic pathways in mice after myocardial infarction, including histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, renin secretion and other pathways. These results lay a foundation for further exploration of the protective effect of ISO against myocardial infarction and the development of related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoman Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Zexiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Shaoru Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Mingwei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jieyang People's Hospital (Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University), Jieyang, 522000, China.
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2
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Xu C, Liu C, Xiong J, Yu J. Cardiovascular aspects of the (pro)renin receptor: Function and significance. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22237. [PMID: 35226776 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101649rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including all types of disorders related to the heart or blood vessels, are the major public health problems and the leading causes of mortality globally. (Pro)renin receptor (PRR), a single transmembrane protein, is present in cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. PRR plays an essential role in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating the renin-angiotensin system and several intracellular signals such as mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and wnt/β-catenin signaling in various cardiovascular cells. This review discusses the current evidence for the pathophysiological roles of the cardiac and vascular PRR. Activation of PRR in cardiomyocytes may contribute to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic or alcoholic cardiomyopathy, salt-induced heart damage, and heart failure. Activation of PRR promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, endothelial cell dysfunction, neovascularization, and the progress of vascular diseases. In addition, phenotypes of animals transgenic for PRR and the hypertensive actions of PRR in the brain and kidney and the soluble PRR are also discussed. Targeting PRR in local tissues may offer benefits for patients with CVDs, including heart injury, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunju Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gao X, Zhang S, Wang D, Cheng Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y. (Pro)renin receptor contributes to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and autophagy in myocardial cells via the beta-catenin signaling pathway. Physiol Res 2020; 69:427-438. [PMID: 32469229 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) contributes to regulating many physiological and pathological processes; however, the role of PRR-mediated signaling pathways in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains unclear. In this study, we used an in vitro model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to mimic IRI and carried out PRR knockdown by siRNA and PRR overexpression using cDNA in H9c2 cells. Cell proliferation activity was examined by MTT and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Apoptosis-related factors, autophagy markers and beta-catenin pathway activity were assessed by real-time PCR and western blotting. After 24 h of hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation, the expression levels of PRR, LC3B-I/II, Beclin1, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and Bax were upregulated, suggesting that apoptosis and autophagy were increased in H9c2 cells. Contrary to the effects of PRR downregulation, the overexpression of PRR inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors and autophagy markers, and promoted activation of the beta-catenin pathway. Furthermore, all these effects were reversed by treatment with the beta-catenin antagonist DKK-1. Thus, we concluded that PRR activation can trigger H/R-induced apoptosis and autophagy in H9c2 cells through the beta-catenin signaling pathway, which may provide new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) was first identified as a single-transmembrane receptor in human kidneys and initially attracted attention owing to its potential role as a regulator of the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Subsequent studies found that the (P)RR is widely distributed in organs throughout the body, including the kidneys, heart, brain, eyes, placenta and the immune system, and has multifaceted functions in vivo. The (P)RR has roles in various physiological processes, such as the cell cycle, autophagy, acid-base balance, energy metabolism, embryonic development, T cell homeostasis, water balance, blood pressure regulation, cardiac remodelling and maintenance of podocyte structure. These roles of the (P)RR are mediated by its effects on important biological systems and pathways including the tissue RAS, vacuolar H+-ATPase, Wnt, partitioning defective homologue (Par) and tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, the (P)RR has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as fibrosis, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetic microangiopathy, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, cancer and obesity. Current evidence suggests that the (P)RR has key roles in the normal development and maintenance of vital organs and that dysfunction of the (P)RR is associated with diseases that are characterized by a disruption of the homeostasis of physiological functions.
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Yu S, Yuan H, Yang M, Cao X, Chen J, Zhou X, Dong B. (Pro)renin Receptor RNA Interference Silencing Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Pathological Process in Rats. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:727-739. [PMID: 30632404 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Dong X, Yu S, Wang Y, Yang M, Xiong J, Hei N, Dong B, Su Q, Chen J. (Pro)renin receptor-mediated myocardial injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory response in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8218-8226. [PMID: 30952701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) provokes a series of structural and functional abnormalities, and causes ventricular remodeling and heart failure in diabetes. (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a component of the RAS and has been reported to be up-regulated in some cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, PRR blockade in some cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and hypertension, has been demonstrated to reverse their pathogenesis. However, there have been few studies about the function of PRR in the pathogenesis of DCM. In this study, we hypothesized that PRR is involved in the pathogenesis of DCM and mediates myocardial injury in DCM. To explore the role of PRR in DCM, we evaluated the effects of PRR overexpression and knockdown on the DCM phenotype in vivo and in vitro The results show that PRR overexpression exacerbates myocardial injury and the inflammatory response in rats with DCM. Conversely, PRR knockdown alleviates myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response, reversing the cardiac dysfunction in rats with DCM. In cell experiments, PRR overexpression also up-regulated the protein expression of collagen I and fibronectin, aggravated the inflammatory response, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, whereas PRR knockdown had the opposite effect. Thus, PRR mediates myocardial injury, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response, likely through a PRR/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/reactive oxygen species pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Shiran Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Dezhou Municipal Hospital, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, Dezhou 253012, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250132, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Naier Hei
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Jining Medical University, Jining 272113, China.
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Jara ZP, Icimoto MY, Yokota R, Ribeiro AA, Dos Santos F, de Souza LE, Watanabe IKM, Franco MDC, Pesquero JL, Irigoyen MC, Casarini DE. Tonin Overexpression in Mice Diminishes Sympathetic Autonomic Modulation and Alters Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 5:365. [PMID: 30729109 PMCID: PMC6352559 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tonin, a serine-protease that forms Angiotensin II (AngII) from angiotensinogen, is increased in failing human heart samples. Increased blood pressure (BP) and decreased heart rate (HR) variabilities are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Losartan has been used to reduce hypertension and, therefore, lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. Determination of tonin's impact on BP and HR variabilities as well as the impact of losartan remain questions to be elucidated. Aim: Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic profile in transgenic mice overexpressing the rat tonin enzyme TGM'(rton) and the impact of AT1 receptor blocker, losartan. Methods: Male C57BL/6 (WT) and TGM'(rTon) mice were cannulated for recording BP (Windaq, 4 MHz) for 30 min at baseline and 30 min after losartan injection (20 mg/kg). BP and HR variabilities were analyzed in time and frequency domain method. Low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components were identified for sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations analysis. Ang I, AngII, and Ang1-7 were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography method. The total enzymatic activity for AngI, AngII, and Ang1-7 formation was evaluated in the heart and plasma by Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: At the baseline TGM'(rTon) exhibited higher BP, lower cardiac LF, higher cardiac HF, lower LF/HF, and lower alpha index than wild type (WT). After losartan injection, TGM'(rTon) mice presented an additional decrease in cardiac LF and increase in HF in relation to baseline and WT. In the vasculature, losartan caused decreased in BP and LF of systolic BP in WT mice in relation to its baseline. A similar effect was observed in the BP of TGM'(rTon) mice; however, LF of systolic BP increased compared to baseline. Our data also indicates that AT1R receptor signaling has been altered in TGM’(rTon)mice. Interestingly, the dynamics of the renin-angiotensin system kinetics change, favoring production of Ang1-7. Conclusion: Autonomic evaluation of TGM’(rTon) mice indicates an unclear prognosis for diseases that affect the heart. HR variability in TGM’(rTon) mice indicates high risk of morbidity, and sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation indicate low risk of morbidity. The low risk of morbidity could be the biased production of Ang1-7 in the heart and circulation; however, the altered response of AT1R in the TGM’(rTon) remains to be elucidated, as well aswhether that signaling is pro-protection or pro-pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Palomino Jara
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marcelo Yudi Icimoto
- Departmento de Biofisica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Yokota
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Ribeiro
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ezequiel de Souza
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Franco
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pesquero
- Departamento de Biofisica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Irigoyen
- Divisao de Hipertensao, Escola de Medicina, Instituto do Coracao, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Disciplina de Nefrologia, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yang X, Gu J, Lv H, Li H, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Uric acid induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells via up-regulating(pro)renin receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1163-1170. [PMID: 30551366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor for vascular inflammation, yet the potential mechanisms of uric acid (UA) in endothelial cells are not well understood. UA has been found to stimulate renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) is widely expressed in endothelial cells and able to induce RAS activation. Whether UA-induced endothelial cell inflammation is via up-regulating (P)RR remained unknown. Primary HUVECs were cultured and treated with UA, under the condition of (P)RR or AT1 silencing. The degree of inflammation in HUVECs was determined by Real-time PCR and monocyte adhesion assay. The protein levels of (P)RR were determined by western blotting or immunofluorescence. Probenecid was used to block UA re-absorption in this study. Adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs was elucidated by microfluidic chip. We found (P)RR is up-regulated in HUVECs following UA stimulation. UA promoted vascular inflammation, which was characterized by up-regulating of cytokines and enhanced monocyte adhesion. Silencing of (P)RR alleviated UA-induced vascular inflammation. Probenecid treatment abolished UA-induced vascular inflammation in HUVECs via suppressing (P)RR up-regulation. This finding was further verified by using microfluidic chip. Our findings indicate that (P)RR plays a critical role in endothelial inflammation in response to UA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Haichen Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yunpeng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
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