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Ayach J, Duma L, Badran A, Hijazi A, Martinez A, Bechelany M, Baydoun E, Hamad H. Enhancing Wastewater Depollution: Sustainable Biosorption Using Chemically Modified Chitosan Derivatives for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2724. [PMID: 38893988 PMCID: PMC11173971 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Driven by concerns over polluted industrial wastewater, particularly heavy metals and dyes, this study explores biosorption using chemically cross-link chitosan derivatives as a sustainable and cost-effective depollution method. Chitosan cross-linking employs either water-soluble polymers and agents like glutaraldehyde or copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers with a cross-linker. Chemical cross-linking of polymers has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the wet-strength properties of materials. The chitosan thus extracted, as powder or gel, was used to adsorb heavy metals (lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+)) and dyes (methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV)). Extensive analysis of the physicochemical properties of both the powder and hydrogel adsorbents was conducted using a range of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). To gain a comprehensive understanding of the sorption process, the effect of contact time, pH, concentration, and temperature was investigated. The adsorption capacity of chitosan powder for Cu(II), Pb(II), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) was subsequently determined as follows: 99, 75, 98, and 80%, respectively. In addition, the adsorption capacity of chitosan hydrogel for Cu(II), Pb(II), MB, and CV was as follows: 85, 95, 85, and 98%, respectively. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The isotherm study revealed that the adsorption equilibrium is well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.998), and the sorption capacity of both chitosan powder and hydrogel was found to be exceptionally high (approximately 98%) with the adsorbent favoring multilayer adsorption. Besides, Dubinin has given an indication that the sorption process was dominated by Van der Waals physical forces at all studied temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ayach
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 657314, Lebanon; (J.A.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
- CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Luminita Duma
- CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman P.O Box 961343, Jordan;
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 657314, Lebanon; (J.A.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Agathe Martinez
- CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR-5635, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon;
| | - Hussein Hamad
- Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 657314, Lebanon; (J.A.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
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Yi K, Miao S, Yang B, Li S, Lu Y. Harnessing the Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Enhanced Functionalities in Food Applications. Foods 2024; 13:439. [PMID: 38338575 PMCID: PMC10855628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides that possess good biological activity, chitosan is extracted from chitin. Its application in the food field is being increasingly valued. However, chitosan extraction is difficult, and its poor solubility limits its application. At present, the extraction methods include the acid-base method, new chemical methods, and biological methods. The extraction rates of chitin/chitosan are 4-55%, 13-14%, and 15-28%, respectively. Different chemical modifications have different effects on chitosan, making it applicable in different fields. This article reviews and compares the extraction and chemical modification methods of chitosan, emphasizing the importance of green extraction methods. Finally, the application prospects of chitosan in the food industry are discussed. This will promote the understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods for chitosan as well as the relationship between modification and application, providing valuable insights for the future development of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yi
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Shiyuan Miao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Bixing Yang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Sijie Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Machado SSN, Silva JBAD, Nascimento RQ, Lemos PVF, Assis DDJ, Marcelino HR, Ferreira EDS, Cardoso LG, Pereira JD, Santana JS, Silva MLAD, Souza COD. Insect residues as an alternative and promising source for the extraction of chitin and chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127773. [PMID: 37923048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain and characterize chitin and chitosan extracted from the rearing residues of Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas morio, and Blaptica dubia insects in different growth stages in the same rearing cycles chitin and chitosan yielded 11.21 %-20.89 % and 6.26 %-7.07 %, respectively. The deacetylation degrees of chitosan ranged from 75.75 %-89.21 %, and the solubilities from 69.88 %-94.39 %. Infrared spectroscopy corroborated the acquisition of chitin and chitosan and can be used as a semi-quantitative technique for determining the degree of chitosan deacetylation. The X-ray diffraction profiles revealed the presence of α-chitin, and the relative crystalline indices ranged from 65.9 %-89.2 %. Typical TG profiles with two thermal events are observed for chitin and chitosan samples with different residue contents from the extraction procedure. The chitosan solutions exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, with apparent viscosities ranging from 195.96 to 249.86 mPa.s. The characterization results of the biopolymers extracted from insect residues were similar to those obtained from conventional sources. The growth stage influenced the chitin yield and crystallinity index. The results of this study reinforce the feasibility of using alternative sources of chitin and chitosan, providing the use of waste from insect farms and contributing to sustainability and a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinara Silva Neves Machado
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jania Betânia Alves da Silva
- Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Renata Quartieri Nascimento
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology - Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor França Lemos
- Doctoral Program in Biotechnology - Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Denílson de Jesus Assis
- Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil; School of Exact and Technological Sciences, Salvador University, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ederlan de Souza Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; School of Exact and Technological Sciences, Salvador University, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juraci Duarte Pereira
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Doctoral Program in Biotechnology - Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Zhao Y, Li X, Guo S, Xu J, Cui Y, Zheng M, Liu J. Thermodynamics and Physicochemical Properties of Immobilized Maleic Anhydride-Modified Xylanase and Its Application in the Extraction of Oligosaccharides from Wheat Bran. Foods 2023; 12:2424. [PMID: 37372634 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanases are the preferred enzymes for the extracting of oligosaccharides from wheat bran. However, free xylanases have poor stability and are difficult to reuse, which limit their industrial application. In the present study, we covalently immobilized free maleic anhydride-modified xylanase (FMA-XY) to improve its reusability and stability. The immobilized maleic anhydride-modified xylanase (IMA-XY) exhibited better stability compared with the free enzyme. After six repeated uses, 52.24% of the activity of the immobilized enzyme remained. The wheat bran oligosaccharides extracted using IMA-XY were mainly xylopentoses, xylohexoses, and xyloheptoses, which were the β-configurational units and α-configurational units of xylose. The oligosaccharides also exhibited good antioxidant properties. The results indicated that FMA-XY can easily be recycled and can remain stable after immobilization; therefore, it has good prospects for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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Physicochemical Properties and Functional Characteristics of Ecologically Extracted Shrimp Chitosans with Different Organic Acids during Demineralization Step. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238285. [PMID: 36500378 PMCID: PMC9740848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to develop eco-friendly and economical chitosans with a wide range of applications using organic acids for shrimp shells demineralization. Chitosan samples were extracted from shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) shells and the demineralization step was performed with three organic acids (citric, acetic, and lactic) and two mineral acids (hydrochloric and sulfuric). The chitosans were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chitosans’ physicochemical properties were also determined. The characteristic bands and functional groups of the chitosans were identified by FTIR spectra. The chitosans’ crystallinity order was as follows: ChHCl > ChCitric > ChH2SO4 > ChLactic > ChAcetic. The chitosans’ morphological characteristics revealed a smooth surface and fibrous structures with pores. Chitosans extracted by organic acids showed the highest extraction yields. ChHCl and ChCitric had higher degrees of deacetylation values; 83.67% and 81.47%, respectively. The solubility was proportional to the degree of deacetylation. Furthermore, ChH2SO4 and ChCitric had lower molecular weight values; 149 kDa and 183 kDa, respectively. Organic acids are as effective as mineral acids for shrimp shells demineralization. The developed process opens up possibilities to produce chitin and chitosan in a more eco-friendly way and at a lower cost in many industrial sectors.
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Gautam K, Vishvakarma R, Sharma P, Singh A, Kumar Gaur V, Varjani S, Kumar Srivastava J. Production of biopolymers from food waste: Constrains and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127650. [PMID: 35907601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Food is an essential commodity for the survival of any form of life on earth. Yet generation of plethora of food waste has significantly elevated the global concern for food scarcity, human and environment deterioration. Also, increasing use of polymers derived from petroleum hydrocarbons has elevated the concerns towards the depletion of this non-renewable resource. In this review, the use of waste food for the production of bio-polymers and their associated challenges has been thoroughly investigated using scientometric analysis. Various categories of food waste including fruit, vegetable, and oily waste can be employed for the production of different biopolymers including polyhydroxyalkanoates, starch, cellulose, collagen and others. The advances in the production of biopolymers through chemical, microbial or enzymatic process that increases the acceptability of these biopolymers has been reviewed. The comprehensive compiled information may assist researchers for addressing and solving the issues pertaining to food wastage and fossil fuel depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gautam
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Amarnath Singh
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
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Zhao YT, Zhang K, Zeng J, Yin H, Zheng W, Li R, Ding A, Chen S, Liu Y, Wu W, Jing Z. Immobilization on magnetic PVA/SA@Fe3O4 hydrogel beads enhances the activity and stability of neutral protease. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 157:110017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ultrasonic Synthesis of Nanochitosan and Its Size Effects on Turbidity Removal and Dealkalization in Wastewater Treatment. INVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inventions6040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study on the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles under ultrasonication is reported in this paper. By using this simple technique, chitosan particles in nanometer range can be easily prepared without using any harmful and expensive chemicals. The results show that increasing the ultrasonic irradiation time and ultrasonic wave amplitude are the key factors for producing discrete chitosan nanoparticles with narrow particle size distribution. The resulting nanoparticles show superior turbidity removal efficiency (75.4%) and dealkalization (58.3%) in wastewater treatment than the bulk chitosan solid (35.4% and 11.1%, respectively), thus offering an eco-friendly and promising approach for treating wastewater via the coagulation/flocculation process.
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Sharma S, Kaur N, Kaur R, Kaur R. A review on valorization of chitinous waste. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Synthesis of Amphotericin B Conjugated Chitosan Nanomaterial From Fish Scales and Evaluation of its Antifungal Activity. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jiang X, Li Y, Tang X, Jiang J, He Q, Xiong Z, Zheng H. Biopolymer-based flocculants: a review of recent technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46934-46963. [PMID: 34263401 PMCID: PMC8279699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based flocculants have become a potential substitute for inorganic coagulants and synthetic organic flocculants due to their wide natural reserves, environmental friendliness, easy natural degradation, and high material safety. In recent years, with more and more attention to clean technologies, a lot of researches on the modification and application of biopolymer-based flocculants have been carried out. The present paper reviews the latest important information about the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants, including chitosan, starch, cellulose, and lignin etc. This review also highlights the various modification methods of these base materials according to reaction types in detail. Via the recent researches, the flocculation mechanisms of biopolymer-based flocculants, such as adsorption, bridging, charge neutralization, net trapping, and sweeping, as well as, some other special mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. This paper also focuses on the water treatment conditions, the removal efficiency, and advantages of biopolymer-based flocculants in applications. Further, this review sheds light on the future perspectives of biopolymer-based flocculants, which may make progress in the sources of base materials, modification processes, multi-function, and deepening application researches. We believe that this review can guide the further researches and developments of biopolymer-based flocculants in the future, to develop them with a higher efficiency, a lower cost, more safety, and multi-function for more diversified applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisen Li
- Digital Chongqing Big Data Application Development Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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Dev MJ, Pandit AB, Singhal RS. Ultrasound assisted vis-à-vis classical heating for the conjugation of whey protein isolate-gellan gum: Process optimization, structural characterization and physico-functional evaluation. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Valencia AM, Valencia CH, Zuluaga F, Grande-Tovar CD. Synthesis and fabrication of films including graphene oxide functionalized with chitosan for regenerative medicine applications. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07058. [PMID: 34095569 PMCID: PMC8165423 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has recently gained attention as a scaffold reinforcing agent for tissue engineering. Biomechanical and biological properties through a synergistic effect can be strengthened when combined with other materials such as chitosan (CS). For that reason, chitosan was used for Graphene Oxide (GO) functionalization through an amide group whose formation was evident by bands around 1600 cm−1 in the FTIR analysis. Furthermore, bands located at 1348 cm−1 (D band), 1593 cm−1 (G band), and 2416 cm−1 (2D band) in the RAMAN spectrum, and the displacement of the signal at 87.03 ppm (C5) in solid-state 13C-NMR confirmed the amide formation. Films including the CS-GO compound were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), where CS-GO film presented a lighter mass loss (~10% less loosed) than CS due probably to the covalent functionalization with GO, providing film thermal resistance. The CS-GO films synthesized were implanted in Wistar rats' subdermal tissue as a first approximation to the biological response. In vivo tests showed a low inflammatory response, good cicatrization, and advanced resorption at 60 days of implantation, as indicated by histological images. It was evidenced that the covalent union between CS and GO increased biocompatibility and the degradation/resorption capacity, demonstrating tissue regeneration with typical characteristics and tiny remnants of implanted material surrounded by a type III collagen capsule. These results show the potential application of the new synthesized films, including the CS-GO compound, in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Valencia
- Laboratorio SIMERQO Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Carlos Humberto Valencia
- Escuela de Odontología, Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Fabio Zuluaga
- Laboratorio SIMERQO Polímeros, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
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Li Q, Wang T, Ye Y, Guan S, Cai B, Zhang S, Rong S. A temperature-induced chitosanase bacterial cell-surface display system for the efficient production of chitooligosaccharides. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1625-1635. [PMID: 33993368 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a temperature-induced chitosanase bacterial cell-surface display system to produce chitooligosaccharides (COSs) efficiently for industrial applications. RESULTS Temperature-inducible chitosanase CSN46A bacterial surface display systems containing one or two copies of ice nucleation protein (InaQ-N) as anchoring motifs were successfully constructed on the basis of Escherichia coli and named as InaQ-N-CSN46A (1 copy) and 2InaQ-N-CSN46A (2 copies). The specific enzyme activity of 2InaQ-N-CSN46A reached 761.34 ± 0.78 U/g cell dry weight, which was 45.6% higher than that of InaQ-N-CSN46A. However, few proteins were detected in the 2InaQ-N-CSN46A hydrolysis system. Therefore, 2InaQ-N-CSN46A had higher hydrolysis efficiency and stability than InaQ-N-CSN46A. Gel permeation chromatography revealed that under the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, the final products were mainly chitobiose and chitotriose. Chitopentaose accumulated (77.62%) when the hydrolysis temperature reached 60 °C. FTIR and NMR analysis demonstrated that the structures of the two hydrolysis products were consistent with those of COSs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, chitosanase was expressed on the surfaces of E. coli by increasing the induction temperature, and chitosan was hydrolysed directly without enzyme purification steps. This study provides a novel strategy for industrial COS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuantuan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Guan
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Rong
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China.
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Muley AB, Awasthi S, Bhalerao PP, Jadhav NL, Singhal RS. Preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of lipase from Aspergillus niger: process optimization, characterization, stability, and application for epoxidation of lemongrass oil. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1383-1404. [PMID: 33660099 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of lipase were prepared after fractional precipitation with 40-50% ammonium sulfate and then cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The process variables for the preparation of lipase-CLEAs such as glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-linking period, and initial pH of medium were optimized. The optimized conditions for the preparation of lipase-CLEAs were 25 mM/80 min/pH 7.0, and 31.62 mM/90 min/pH 6.0 with one factor at a time approach and numerical optimization with central composite design, respectively. Lipase-CLEAs were characterized by particle size analysis, SEM, and FTIR. Cross-linking not only shifted the optimal pH and temperature from 7.0 to 7.5 and 40-45 to 45-50 °C, but also altered the secondary structure. Lipase-CLEAs showed an increase in Km by 7.70%, and a decrease in Vmax by 16.63%. Lipase-CLEAs presented better thermostability than free lipase as evident from thermal inactivation constants (t1/2, D and Ed value), and thermodynamic parameters (Ed, ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS°) in the range of 50-70 °C. Lipase-CLEAs retained more than 65% activity up to four cycles and showed good storage stability for 12 days when stored at 4 ± 2 °C. They were successfully utilized for the epoxidation of lemongrass oil which was confirmed by changes in iodine value, epoxide value, and FTIR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Bhimrao Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Sneha Awasthi
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Prasanna Prakash Bhalerao
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Nilesh Lakshaman Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Rekha Satishchandra Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
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16
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Kannamangalam Vijayan U, Shah NN, Muley AB, Singhal RS. Complexation of curcumin using proteins to enhance aqueous solubility and bioaccessibility: Pea protein vis-à-vis whey protein. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Bhimrao Muley A, Bhalchandra Pandit A, Satishchandra Singhal R, Govind Dalvi S. Production of biologically active peptides by hydrolysis of whey protein isolates using hydrodynamic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105385. [PMID: 33271422 PMCID: PMC7786611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrolysates have higher solubility in aqueous phase and enhanced biological properties. Hydrolysis of WPI was optimized using operating pressure (ΔP, bar), number of passes (N), and WPI concentration (C, %) as deciding parameters in hydrodynamic cavitation treatment. The optimum conditions for generation of WPI hydrolysate with full factorial design were 8 bar, 28 passes, and 4.5% WPI concentration yielding 32.69 ± 1.22 mg/mL soluble proteins. WPI hydrolysate showed alterations in binding capacity over WPI. SDS-PAGE and particle size analysis confirmed the hydrolysis of WPI. Spectroscopic, thermal and crystallinity analyses showed typical properties of proteins with slight variations after hydrodynamic cavitation treatment. ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays of WPI hydrolysate showed 7-66, 9-149, and 0.038-0.272 µmol/mL GAE at 1-10, 0.25-4, and 3-30 mg/mL concentration, respectively. Further, a considerable enhancement in fresh weight, chlorophyll, carotenoids, reducing sugars, total soluble sugars, soluble proteins content and total phenolics content was noticed during in vitro growth of sugarcane in WPI hydrolysate supplemented medium at 50-200 mg/L concentration over the control. The process cost (INR/kg) to hydrolyze WPI was also calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Bhimrao Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | | | | | - Sunil Govind Dalvi
- Tissue Culture Section, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk.), Pune 412307, India
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Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S, Devadoss AJP, Hasan N, Sivanesan I. Crustacean Waste-Derived Chitosan: Antioxidant Properties and Future Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:228. [PMID: 33546282 PMCID: PMC7913366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by this biopolymer, have been concisely presented. The variations of chitosan and its derivatives and their unique properties are discussed. The antioxidant properties of chitosan have been presented and the need for more work targeted towards harnessing the antioxidant property of chitosan has been emphasized. Some portions of the crustacean waste are being converted to chitosan; the possibility that all of the waste can be used for harnessing this versatile multifaceted product chitosan is projected in this review. The future of chitosan recovery from marine crustacean wastes and the need to improve in this area of research, through the inclusion of nanotechnological inputs have been listed under future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet, Tamil Nadu 603 401, India;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Zhou C, Wang Y. Recent progress in the conversion of biomass wastes into functional materials for value-added applications. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2020; 21:787-804. [PMID: 33354165 PMCID: PMC7738282 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1848213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of biomass wastes is rapidly increasing, which leads to numerous disposal problems and governance issues. Thus, the recycling and reuse of biomass wastes into value-added applications have attracted more and more attention. This paper reviews the research on biomass waste utilization and biomass wastes derived functional materials in last five years. The recent research interests mainly focus on the following three aspects: (1) extraction of natural polymers from biomass wastes, (2) reuse of biomass wastes, and (3) preparation of carbon-based materials as novel adsorbents, catalyst carriers, electrode materials, and functional composites. Various biomass wastes have been collected from agricultural and forestry wastes, animal wastes, industrial wastes and municipal solid wastes as raw materials with low cost; however, future studies are required to evaluate the quality and safety of biomass wastes derived products and develop highly feasible and cost-effective methods for the conversion of biomass wastes to enable the industrial scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufan Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- CONTACT Yixiang Wang Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QuebecH9X 3V9, Canada
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20
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Extraction, physicochemical characterization, and morphological properties of chitin and chitosan from cuticles of edible insects. Food Chem 2020; 343:128550. [PMID: 33191008 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative, cuticles from edible insects was proposed as an unconventional but viable source of chitin and chitosan. The chitin present in the mealworm's (Tenebrio molitor) cuticles was obtained biotechnologically in one step of enzymatic deproteinization and after deacetylated. Differences in the physicochemical characteristics and the properties of the cuticles, chitin, and chitosan were investigated in this study. Commercial chitosan was used as a reference sample to validate the methods used. The enzymatic deproteinization used to obtain chitin showed an efficiency of 85%. The global yield of the process (cuticle-to-chitosan) was 31.9%. The characterization results of these polymers using DSC, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM techniques demonstrate consistency with the degree of deacetylation of the obtained chitosan, allowing the differentiation between chitin and chitosan. This study suggests that the wastes of edible insect breeding should be collected and evaluated as an alternative of chitin/chitosan source.
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21
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Acosta-Ferreira S, Castillo OS, Madera-Santana JT, Mendoza-García DA, Núñez-Colín CA, Grijalva-Verdugo C, Villa-Lerma AG, Morales-Vargas AT, Rodríguez-Núñez JR. Production and physicochemical characterization of chitosan for the harvesting of wild microalgae consortia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00554. [PMID: 33209590 PMCID: PMC7658652 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The chitosan obtained shows physicochemical properties similar to commercials. The low molecular chitosan for harvesting microalgae shows better results than aluminum sulfate. The use chitosan for harvesting microalgae reduces the process costs.
The use of chitosan to harvest microalgae is a strategic step that seeks to reach an economically competitive price to recover lipids, proteins, and pigments. The aim of the present work was to design low-molecular-weight chitosan from shrimp shells and its physicochemical characterization, to be used for the harvesting of wild microalgae consortia. The chitosan was obtained by chemical deacetylation of shrimp shells, and physicochemical characterization was made using the instrumental methods DSC, TGA, X-ray, FTIR, and SEM. The harvesting of wild microalgae consortia was performed by the jar test method. The obtained chitosan had a low molecular weight (169 KDa), a deacetylation degree of 83 %, a decomposition temperature (TD) of 280 °C, and a crystallinity of 38.2 %. The microalgae genera found in the consortium were Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Schroderia sp., and Chlamydomonas sp. The microalgae removal efficiency of the chitosan was 99.2 % with 20 mg L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Acosta-Ferreira
- Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mutualismo #303, Colonia La Suiza, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38060, Mexico
| | - Omar S Castillo
- Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mutualismo #303, Colonia La Suiza, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38060, Mexico
| | - J Tomás Madera-Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. CTAOV, A.P. 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Mendoza-García
- Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mutualismo #303, Colonia La Suiza, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38060, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Núñez-Colín
- Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mutualismo #303, Colonia La Suiza, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38060, Mexico
| | - Claudia Grijalva-Verdugo
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Roque, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38110, Mexico
| | - Alma G Villa-Lerma
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, 5 de febrero #818 Sur, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, 85000, Mexico
| | - Adán T Morales-Vargas
- Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mutualismo #303, Colonia La Suiza, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38060, Mexico
| | - J Rubén Rodríguez-Núñez
- Programa de Biotecnología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Mutualismo #303, Colonia La Suiza, Celaya, Guanajuato, 38060, Mexico
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22
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Fraga JL, da Penha ACB, Akil E, Silva KA, Amaral PFF. Catalytic and physical features of a naturally immobilized Yarrowia lipolytica lipase in cell debris (LipImDebri) displaying high thermostability. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:454. [PMID: 33088651 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipase activity (337 U/g dry weight of cell debris) was detected in cell debris after ultrasound treatment of Yarrowia lipolytica cells cultivated in residual frying palm oil. It is a naturally immobilized lipase with protein content of 47%, herein called LipImDebri. This immobilized biocatalyst presents low hydrophobicity (8%), that can be increased adjusting pH and buffer type. Despite apparent intact cells, electron microscopy showed a shapeless and flat surface for LipImDebri and optical microscopy revealed no cell viability. Besides, an inferior mean diameter (3.4 mm) in relation to whole cells reveals structure modification. A high negative zeta potential value (- 33.86 mV) for pH 6 and 25 °C suggests that LipImDebri is a stable suspension in aqueous solution. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) expose differences between LipImDebri and extracellular lipase extract signaling a physical interaction between enzyme and cell debris, which is possibly the reason for the high thermostability (k d = 0.246 h-1; t 1/2 = 2.82 h at 50 °C, pH 7.0). A good adjustment of LipImDebri kinetic data with Hill equation (R 2 = 0.95) exposes an allosteric behavior related to the presence of more than one lipase isoform. These features reveal that LipImDebri can be a good catalyst for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jully Lacerda Fraga
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
| | - Adrian Chaves Beserra da Penha
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
| | - Emília Akil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 149, Bloco A, sala 528A, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Kelly Alencar Silva
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Bromatologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24241-002 Brazil
| | - Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral
- Departamento de Eng. Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N° 123, Bloco E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-900 Brazil
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23
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Carvalho T, Pereira ADS, Bonomo RC, Franco M, Finotelli PV, Amaral PF. Simple physical adsorption technique to immobilize Yarrowia lipolytica lipase purified by different methods on magnetic nanoparticles: Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:889-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Ranganathan S, Dutta S, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Utilization of food waste streams for the production of biopolymers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04891. [PMID: 32995604 PMCID: PMC7502569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled decomposition of agro-industrial waste leads to extensive contamination of water, land, and air. There is a tremendous amount of waste from various sources which causes serious environmental problems. The concern in the disposal problems has stimulated research interest in the valorization of waste streams. Valorization of the wastes not only reduces the volume of waste but also reduces the contamination to the environment. Waste from food industries has great potential as primary or secondary feedstocks for biopolymer production by extraction or fermentation with pre-treatment or without pre-treatment by solid-state fermentation to obtain fermentable sugars. Various types of waste can be used as substrates for the production of biomaterials but recently more focus has been observed on the agro-industrial wastes which have a high rate of production worldwide. This review collates in detail the different food wastes used for biopolymer, technologies for the production and characterization of the biopolymers, and their economic/technical viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Ranganathan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sayantani Dutta
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J A Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Pudukkottai Road, Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Muley AB, Singhal RS. Extension of postharvest shelf life of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) using a coating of chitosan-whey protein isolate conjugate. Food Chem 2020; 329:127213. [PMID: 32516713 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan and whey protein isolate (WPI) conjugate films were prepared as a novel matrix for encapsulating and extending the postharvest shelf life of strawberries. Film forming solutions of chitosan, WPI, and chitosan-WPI conjugate were mixed with glycerol, casted for films at 60 ± 2 °C and assessed for their colour, water vapour and oxygen transfer rate, textural, functional groups and secondary structure, thermal, crystallinity, and antioxidant properties. Chitosan-WPI conjugate films were applied as an edible coating on strawberries, and studied for storage stability at 5 °C and 20 °C by assessing physical and biochemical parameters. A considerable reduction in colour indices, weight loss, pH and titratable acidity, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, DPPH and ABTS assay was noted in the coated strawberries over the control at both the studied temperatures. The control strawberries had a shelf life of 5 and 3 days, whereas coating enhanced the shelf life of strawberries to 8 and 5 days when stored at 5 °C and 20 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Bhimrao Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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26
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Muley AB, Mulchandani KH, Singhal RS. Immobilization of enzymes on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, kinetics and thermodynamics. Methods Enzymol 2020; 630:39-79. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Jampafuang Y, Tongta A, Waiprib Y. Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2010. [PMID: 31817199 PMCID: PMC6960491 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles were obtained from shrimp shell and squid pen chitosan with different set of deacetylation degree (%DD) and molecular weight (MW) combinations. After nanoparticle formation via ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), the % crystallinity index (%CI) of the α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles were reduced to approximately 33% and 43% of the initial %CI of the corresponding α- and βchitosan raw samples, respectively. Both forms of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles scavenged superoxide radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The %CI of α- and β-chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles was significantly negatively correlated with superoxide radical scavenging abilities over the range of concentration (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/mL) studied. High %DD, and low MW β-chitosan exhibited the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05). α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles prepared from high %DD and low MW chitosan demonstrated the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 2.0-3.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05), whereas α-chitosan nanoparticles, with the lowest %CI, and smallest particle size (p < 0.05), prepared from medium %DD, and medium MW chitosan showed the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 0.5-1.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles had superior superoxide radical scavenging abilities than raw chitosan samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yattra Jampafuang
- Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Anan Tongta
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut′s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Yaowapha Waiprib
- Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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28
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Kulkarni NH, Muley AB, Bedade DK, Singhal RS. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of arylamidase from Cupriavidus oxalaticus ICTDB921: process optimization, characterization, and application for mitigation of acrylamide in industrial wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:457-471. [PMID: 31705314 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamidase produced by Cupriavidus oxalaticus ICTDB921 was recovered directly from the fermentation broth by ammonium sulfate (40-50%) precipitation and then stabilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The optimum conditions for the preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of acrylamidase (acrylamidase-CLEAs) were using 60 mM glutaraldehyde for 10 min at 35 °C and initial broth pH of 7.0. Acrylamidase-CLEAs were characterized by SDS-PAGE, FTIR, particle size analyzer and SEM. Cross-linking shifted the optimal temperature and pH from 70 to 50 °C and 5-7 to 6-8, respectively. It also altered the secondary structure fractions, pH and thermal stability along with the kinetic constants, Km and Vmax, respectively. A complete degradation of acrylamide ~ 1.75 g/L in industrial wastewater was achieved after 60 min in a batch process under optimum operating conditions, and the kinetics was best represented by Edward model (R2 = 0.70). Acrylamidase-CLEAs retained ~ 40% of its initial activity after three cycles for both pure acrylamide and industrial wastewater, and were stable for 15 days at 4 °C, retaining ~ 25% of its original activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi H Kulkarni
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Dattatray K Bedade
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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Chitosan-alginate beads as encapsulating agents for Yarrowia lipolytica lipase: Morphological, physico-chemical and kinetic characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:621-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Aichayawanich S, Saengprapaitip M. Isolation and characterization of chitosan from fish scale waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/301/1/012051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Muley AB, Chaudhari SA, Bankar SB, Singhal RS. Stabilization of cutinase by covalent attachment on magnetic nanoparticles and improvement of its catalytic activity by ultrasonication. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 55:174-185. [PMID: 30852153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on stabilization of serine cutinase activity by immobilizing it through cross linking with glutaraldehyde on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) and intensification of catalytic activity by ultrasonic treatment. The optimum parameters were cross linking with 10.52 mM glutaraldehyde for 90 min using 1:2 (w/w) ratio of enzyme:Fe-NPs. The characterization of cutinase-Fe-NPs was done by different instrumental analysis. Ultrasonic power showed a beneficial effect on the activity of free and immobilized cutinase at 5.76 and 7.63 W, respectively, after 12 min. Immobilization and ultrasonic treatment led to increments in kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) along with noticeable changes in the secondary structural fractions of cutinase. Cutinase-Fe-NPs showed augmented pH (4-8) and thermal stability (40-60 °C). Considerably higher thermal inactivation kinetic constants (kd, t1/2 and D-value) and thermodynamic constants (Ed, ΔH°, ΔG° and ΔS°) highlighted superior thermostability of cutinase-Fe-NPs. Cutinase-Fe-NPs and ultrasound treated cutinase-Fe-NPs retained 61.88% and 38.76% activity during 21-day storage, and 82.82 and 80.69% activity after fifth reusability cycle, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sandeep A Chaudhari
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India; Department of Bioprocess and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandip B Bankar
- Department of Bioprocess and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Muley AB, Ladole MR, Suprasanna P, Dalvi SG. Intensification in biological properties of chitosan after γ-irradiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:435-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gamma radiation degradation of chitosan for application in growth promotion and induction of stress tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:289-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Bedade DK, Sutar YB, Singhal RS. Chitosan coated calcium alginate beads for covalent immobilization of acrylamidase: Process parameters and removal of acrylamide from coffee. Food Chem 2019; 275:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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36
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Valorization of mutant Bacillus licheniformis M09 supernatant for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: photocatalytic dye degradation, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:541-553. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-2057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Xu C, Nasrollahzadeh M, Selva M, Issaabadi Z, Luque R. Waste-to-wealth: biowaste valorization into valuable bio(nano)materials. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4791-4822. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00543e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The waste-to-wealth concept aims to promote a future sustainable lifestyle where waste valorization is seen not only for its intrinsic benefits to the environment but also to develop new technologies, livelihoods and jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | | | - Maurizio Selva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Universita Ca Foscari
- Venezia Mestre
- Italy
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
| | - Zahra Issaabadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Qom
- Qom 3716146611
- Iran
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- Cordoba
- Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)
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38
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Bedade DK, Muley AB, Singhal RS. Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates of acrylamidase from Cupriavidus oxalaticus ICTDB921 for biodegradation of acrylamide from industrial waste water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:137-145. [PMID: 30336395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamidase from Cupriavidus oxalaticus ICTDB921 was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for degradation of acrylamide (a group 2A carcinogen and an environmental contaminant) from industrial waste water. Acrylamidase-MNPs were prepared (maximum recovery ∼94%) at optimized process parameters viz. 1.5:1 (v/v) of acetone: crude acrylamidase/5 mM of glutaraldehyde/90 min/1.5:1 of enzyme: MNP ratio. MNPs and acrylamidase-MNPs were characterized by particle size analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM and vibrating sample magnetometer. Acrylamidase-MNPs showed a shift in optimum pH (8-8.5) and temperature (60-65 °C) with higher pH/thermal stability vis-à-vis free enzyme. A significant increase in kinetic constants, thermal inactivation constants and thermodynamic parameters were noted for acrylamidase-MNPs. A complete degradation of acrylamide ∼2100 mg/L was achieved in industrial waste water under optimized conditions for batch process and the kinetics was best represented by Haldane model. Acrylamidase-MNPs retained >80% of its initial activity after 4 cycles for both pure acrylamide and industrial waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dattatray K Bedade
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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39
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Abstract
Cutinases are α/β hydrolases, and their role in nature is the degradation of cutin. Such enzymes are usually produced by phytopathogenic microorganisms in order to penetrate their hosts. The first focused studies on cutinases started around 50 years ago. Since then, numerous cutinases have been isolated and characterized, aiming at the elucidation of their structure–function relations. Our deeper understanding of cutinases determines the applications by which they could be utilized; from food processing and detergents, to ester synthesis and polymerizations. However, cutinases are mainly efficient in the degradation of polyesters, a natural function. Therefore, these enzymes have been successfully applied for the biodegradation of plastics, as well as for the delicate superficial hydrolysis of polymeric materials prior to their functionalization. Even though research on this family of enzymes essentially began five decades ago, they are still involved in many reports; novel enzymes are being discovered, and new fields of applications arise, leading to numerous related publications per year. Perhaps the future of cutinases lies in their evolved descendants, such as polyesterases, and particularly PETases. The present article reviews the biochemical and structural characteristics of cutinases and cutinase-like hydrolases, and their applications in the field of bioremediation and biocatalysis.
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Ladole MR, Nair RR, Bhutada YD, Amritkar VD, Pandit AB. Synergistic effect of ultrasonication and co-immobilized enzymes on tomato peels for lycopene extraction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:453-462. [PMID: 30080572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, tomato peels were pre-treated using combination of ultrasound and enzyme co-immobilized amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (AMNPs) for the efficient release of lycopene. To achieve maximum activity of enzymes in the co-immobilized form, optimization of several parameters were carried out. Moreover, the influence of ultrasound and enzyme co-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles on lycopene release was studied. Maximum lycopene release was obtained at 3% (w/w) enzyme co-immobilized AMNPs, pH 5.0, temperature of 50 °C, at 10 W ultrasound power and 20 min incubation time. After enzymatic pre-treatment, lycopene from the pre-treated mixture was extracted and separated using tri-solvent extraction method. Maximum recovery of lycopene using solvent extraction was obtained at 50 °C, 90 min of incubation time and agitation speed of 150 rpm. The presence of lycopene in the extract was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. The co-immobilized bio-catalyst showed excellent reusability giving more than 50% lycopene yield even after 6th cycles of reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur R Ladole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv R Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Aniruddha B Pandit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India..
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A tri-enzyme co-immobilized magnetic complex: Process details, kinetics, thermodynamics and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1781-1795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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Bhalerao PP, Chaudhari NS, Muley AB, Talib MI, Parate VR, Kudake DC. Fortification of Wheat Flour With Ragi Flour: Effect on Physical, Nutritional, Antioxidant and Sensory Profile of Noodles. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.6.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of ragi flour for noodles preparation can be ideal due to its higher dietary fiber and essential minerals content. Therefore, the current work was focused to prepare high nutrients noodles by supplementing ragi flour in wheat flour at 10, 20, 30, and 40% levels. The fortified uncooked noodles showed an increase in steady diameter from 1.23+0.03mm to 2.33±0.06mm with a gradual decrease in lightness and whiteness index from 45.46±1.23 to 32.38±1.27 and 43.07±1.06% to 31.09±1.14%, with respective increase of ragi flour. The moisture content of uncooked noodles decreased steadily, while minor changes were observed in fat and ash content. Significant increase in protein (1.06 to 1.25 folds) and crude fiber content (1.64 to 3.62 folds) was noticed in ragi flour noodles in correlation to the control, respectively. The ragi flour fortified noodles not only had a prominent DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity but also increased phenolics content. The sensory studies depicted that a maximum of 20% ragi flour can be integrated in the noodles to attain desired overall acceptability and that was further verified by t-test at significance level p 0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna P. Bhalerao
- Department of Food Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425001, India
| | - Nikita S. Chaudhari
- Department of Food Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425001, India
| | - Abhijeet B. Muley
- Department of Food Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425001, India
| | - Mohammed I. Talib
- Department of Food Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425001, India
| | - Vishal R. Parate
- Department of Food Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425001, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar C. Kudake
- Department of Food Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425001, India
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