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Liu M, Zhang F, Xiao J, Liu B, Cespedes CL, Meng X. The M/G ratio of alginate oligosaccharides: The key to enhance the coloration of strawberries. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121422. [PMID: 37940253 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have various biological activities in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, little is known about the effect on fruit coloration. We assessed the impacts of varying Mannuronate/Guluronate ratio (M/G ratios) of AOS, namely oligoguluronate (GAOS), oligomannuronate (MAOS), and heterogeneous AOS (HAOS), and delved into the structure-function relationship, as well as the mechanisms of regulation. The promotion of strawberry coloration was observed in HAOS (M/G ratio ≈ 1.58; Mw = 2800 Da) and MAOS (M/G ratio ≈ 6.77; Mw = 6000 Da), whereas GAOS (M/G ratio ≈ 0.2; Mw = 5500 Da) did not exhibit any significant effect. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the impact of AOS was predominantly observed on the biosynthesis of flavonoids. The predominant flavonoids present in strawberries were anthocyanins. The application of HAOS and MAOS on strawberries increased anthocyanin content. This was accompanied by an up-regulation of genes related to the JA synthesis pathway. Additionally, transcription factors and structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and transport were up-regulated. The findings suggest that HAOS and MAOS may trigger the JA pathway, leading to an elevation in anthocyanin metabolism and consequent enhancement of strawberry coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Carlos L Cespedes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group in Chemistry and Biotechnology of Bioactive Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bio-Bío, Andrés Bello Avenue, Chillan, Chile
| | - Xianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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2
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Wu W, Zhou Y, Pan J, Wu Y, Goksen G, Shao P. Multibranched flower-like ZnO anchored on pectin/cellulose nanofiber aerogel skeleton for enhanced comprehensive antibacterial capabilities. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121320. [PMID: 37839838 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, F-ZnO NPs were used as antibacterial agents, mussel bionic dopamine exerted its adhesive action to immobilize F-ZnO NPs on the pectin/CNF aerogel skeleton. Fruit and vegetable antimicrobial mats with safety, long duration of action and high efficiency were prepared and its potential application has been investigated. The results showed that a dopamine layer was deposited on the surface of the CNF, which promoted the tight adhesion of the F-ZnO NPs to the aerogel skeleton. The F-ZnO@D-CNF aerogel exhibited a slow release of zinc ions, with the first two days being 0.40 ± 0.16 and 1.01 ± 0.13 mg/mL. The aerogel was light, can stand on the petals without collapsing, has regular and uniform pore structure, good tensile/compressive properties and high antibacterial/anti-fungal properties. Strawberries packaged with F-ZnO@D-CNF aerogel exhibited an extended shelf life of 5 days. Additionally, the strawberries maintained a soluble solid content of 6.9 ± 0.82 % and a Vc content of 44.67 ± 3.51 mg/100 g. The weight loss, color and firmness were also notably superior to the other four groups. The final concentration of zinc ions in strawberries was 3.71 ± 0.28 μg/g, which is far below the recommended dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jiefeng Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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Zhang J, Yan J, Bai J, Hu C, Pan T, Carrillo YJ, Cardenas DE, Cano LM, Ritenour MA. First Report of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae causing Postharvest Decay of Strawberries in Florida. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37938904 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1376-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest decay of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a major factor causing fruit losses. Strawberries were obtained from various harvests at cooling facilities located in Dover and Plant City, FL during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 seasons. After the fruits were incubated at 22ºC for up to 5 days (d) to promote disease development, Lasiodiplodia decay was observed at up to 3% from some harvests, exhibiting gray mycelia on small lesions that gradually covered the whole fruit. The fungus was isolated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Five isolates (SBD18-14, SBD18-277, SBD18-279, SBD19-02 and SBD19-57) were characterized. Fungal mycelia were initially grayish white and then gradually changed to gray to dark gray on PDA at 25oC, and later produced black pigments (Fig. S1). Pycnidia were observed from inoculated strawberries at 14 d. Isolates shared similar conidia morphology: aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid, measuring L × W: 24.0-34.0 (28.3) × 13.0-16.0 (14.3) μm (n =100). Mature conidia were brown, one septate, measuring L × W: 25.0-33.0 (28.8) × 13.0-16.0 (14.5) μm (n =100). The isolates were identified as Lasiodiplodia spp. morphologically (Alves et al. 2008). DNA was extracted from fungal mycelia using an OmniPrep DNA extraction kit, and PCR amplification of ITS and EF1-α genes was performed following the conditions described by White et al. (1990) with some modifications using primers ITS1F-F/ITS4-R (Gardes and Bruns, 1993; White et al., 1990) and EF1-668-F/EF1-1251-R (Alves et al., 2008), respectively. The BLASTn in GenBank showed that the sequences obtained had 99.61 to 100% homology with those of ITS (EF622077) and EF1-α (EF622057) from L. pseudotheobromae CBS116459 (an ex-type strain) (Alves et al., 2008). Sequences of the isolates have been deposited in GenBank with accessions OP326017 to OP326021 for ITS, and OP356202 to OP356206 for EF1-α. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates clustered in the same clade (bootstrap value at 64) with L. pseudotheobromae (Fig. S2). Two fungal inoculum types (mycelia and conidia), two fruit inoculation methods (injury and non-injury) and five fungal isolates were used for pathogenicity tests. Fungal mycelia (2-day-old) on PDA plug (5 mm) or 10 µL of conidial suspension (106 spores/mL) was placed onto each injury (1 x 1 mm in size) or a non-injury area on the surfaces of five strawberry fruits (cv. Florida Brilliance). PDA plug alone or water drops placed on injury or non-injury areas on fruits served as respective controls. Inoculated and control fruits were incubated in a covered plastic container with 100% RH at 22ºC. The experiment was repeated twice. Decay initially appeared as soft and lightly discolored tissue at inoculation areas 2 d post-inoculation (dpi) that extended quickly thereafter. Brown to dark lesions on both injury- and non-injury fruits inoculated with conidia or mycelia were observed at 3 dpi. Decay and gray mycelia gradually developed over the whole fruit at 6 dpi, and pycnidia were observed after 14 dpi (Fig. S1). Disease incidence of 100% was observed on all tests. Control fruits did not develop decay. The results indicate that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberries and infect fruit via both non-injured and injured fruit surfaces. The inoculated fungal isolates were re-isolated, thus, fulfilling Koch's postulates. L. theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum/N. ribis species complex causing strawberry fruit rot in Florida fields was reported (Oliveira et al., 2019), but not L. pseudotheobromae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of postharvest decay caused by L. pseudotheobromae A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous on strawberries in Florida and in the USA, and it should be considered in strawberry disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxu Zhang
- University of Florida, 3463, India River Research and Education Center, 2199 S. Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States, 34945;
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- China Agricultural University, 34752, Department of Horticulture, Beijing, China;
| | - Jinhe Bai
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States;
| | - Cuifeng Hu
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 53701, Indian River Research and Education Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States;
| | - Tengfei Pan
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 12449, Department of Horticulture, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;
| | - Yisel J Carrillo
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 53701, Indian River Research and Education Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States;
| | - Daniela E Cardenas
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 53701, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, Florida, United States;
| | - Liliana M Cano
- University of Florida Indian River Research and Education Center, 115616, Plant Pathology, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States, 34945-3138
- University of Florida, 3463, Plant Pathology, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611-0180;
| | - Mark A Ritenour
- University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 53701, Indian River Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, Gainesville, Florida, United States;
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Khezerlou A, Tavassoli M, Alizadeh-Sani M, Hashemi M, Ehsani A, Bangar SP. Multifunctional food packaging materials: Lactoferrin loaded Cr-MOF in films-based gelatin/κ-carrageenan for food packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126334. [PMID: 37586631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial biocomposite films based on gelatin-κ-carrageenan (Gκ) with 1, 2 and 4 % lactoferrin (L) loaded chromium-based metal-organic frameworks (L@Cr-MOFs) nanoparticles were synthesized by casting methods. The addition of L loaded Cr-MOFs into Gκ based films increased elongation at break from 2.19 to 14.92 % and decreased the tensile strength from 65.1 to 31.22 MPa. L@Cr-MOFs addition reduced swelling index (from 105 to 70.8 %), water solubility (from 61.3 to 34.63 %) and water vapor permeability (from 2.46 to 2.19 × 10-11 g. m/m2. s). When the additional amount was 4 wt%, the Gκ/L@Cr-MOFs films showed antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition zone of 19.7 mm and 20.2 mm, respectively. In addition, strawberries preservation trial shown that the Gκ/L@Cr-MOFs films delayed the growth of spoilage molds on the surface of fruits. This research indicated that Gκ/L@Cr-MOFs are promising active packaging materials for the preservation of perishable fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Khezerlou
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Tavassoli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizadeh-Sani
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, USA.
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Abidia RF, El-Hejazi AA, Azam A, Al-Qhatani S, Al-Mugbel K, AlSulami M, Khan AS. In vitro comparison of natural tooth-whitening remedies and professional tooth-whitening systems. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:165-171. [PMID: 36942206 PMCID: PMC10024105 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of patients are using natural homemade remedies such as strawberries, banana peels, coconut oil rinse, basil, lemon, activated charcoal, apple cider vinegar, baking soda, and turmeric to obtain whiter teeth. However, studies on these natural whitening products are limited. Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of different homemade tooth-whitening agents in vitro. Materials and methods Ninety caries-free extracted anterior and premolar teeth were collected, cleaned, and sectioned at the roots. The teeth were mounted in epoxy resin (buccal surface) and stored in 0.2 % thymol solution, and were treated with one of the following six whitening agents: baking soda, activated charcoal, lemon juice, strawberries, Colgate Optic Whitening toothpaste, and Opalescence 20 % home-bleaching system. The enamel shade in each sample was measured four times using a spectrophotometer. Baseline measurements for ΔE and (L*, a*, b*) were obtained, and the second measurement was obtained after 5 days. The third reading was obtained on the 10th day, and the fourth reading was obtained at the 4th week to measure colour stability. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis. Results ΔE measurements showed a significant difference on the 10th day in all groups except the lemon group (P = 0.164), while all groups showed a statistically significant difference at the 4th week. The mean colour change differed remarkably between the first and fourth readings. The highest change was observed in the lemon group (44.0 ± 2.9), closely followed by the Opalescence 20 % and Colgate Optic Whitening toothpaste groups. The lowest change was observed with strawberries (38.2 ± 4.8). ΔE showed a significant difference in all groups except the turmeric group. Conclusion Statistically significant differences were obtained with baking soda, activated charcoal, strawberries, lemon juice, Colgate Optic Whitening toothpaste, and Opalescence 20%. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of these agents on surface roughness and colour stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed A. El-Hejazi
- College of Dentistry, Restorative Department King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: College of Dentistry, RDS department, King Saud University, POBox 60169, Riyadh 11454, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambreen Azam
- Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Margalla Institute of Health Sciences Pakistan
| | - Shahad Al-Qhatani
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khuloud Al-Mugbel
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam AlSulami
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleshba Saba Khan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shahida Islam Dental College, Lodhran, Pakistan
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Alwazeer D, Özkan N. Incorporation of hydrogen into the packaging atmosphere protects the nutritional, textural and sensorial freshness notes of strawberries and extends shelf life. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:3951-3964. [PMID: 36193347 PMCID: PMC9525494 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Strawberries are known for their high perishability and short shelf life. The effects of incorporating hydrogen gas into sealed packaging on the quality and shelf life of strawberries were evaluated. Fruits were packaged under reducing atmosphere [RAP1 (5% CO 2 , 4% H 2 , 91% N 2 ) and RAP2 (10% CO 2 , 4% H 2 , 86% N 2 )], modified atmosphere [MAP1 (5% CO 2 , 95% N 2 ) and MAP2 (10% CO 2 , 90% N 2 )], and control, followed by 12 weeks storage at 4 °C. At the end of storage, RAPs exhibited higher total soluble solids (TSS), firmness, L* and a*, phenolic and anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant activity followed by MAPs when compared with control. RAP2 was more potent in protecting the freshness indices than RAP1, and MAP2 outperformed MAP1, with the best protection characteristic attributed to RAP2. RAP technique extended the shelf life by 3-5 times the control, and 1.5-3.0 times the MAP. RAP should be recommended as a green and healthy preservation technique for the long storage of fresh fruits. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05427-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duried Alwazeer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey
- Research Center for Redox Applications in Foods (RCRAF), Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey
- Innovative Food Technologies Development, Application, and Research Center, Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey
| | - Nur Özkan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey
- Research Center for Redox Applications in Foods (RCRAF), Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey
- Innovative Food Technologies Development, Application, and Research Center, Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey
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Strojnik L, Potočnik D, Jagodic Hudobivnik M, Mazej D, Japelj B, Škrk N, Marolt S, Heath D, Ogrinc N. Geographical identification of strawberries based on stable isotope ratio and multi-elemental analysis coupled with multivariate statistical analysis: A Slovenian case study. Food Chem 2022; 381:132204. [PMID: 35114619 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The geographical classification and authentication of strawberries were attempted using discriminant and class-modelling methods applied to stable isotopes of light elements and elemental composition. The work involved creating a database of 92 authentic Slovenian strawberry samples and 32 imported samples. All samples were harvested between 2018 and 2020. A good geographical classification of Slovenian and non-Slovenian strawberries was obtained despite different production years using discriminant approaches. However, for verifying compliance with a given specification (geographical indications), a class-modelling approach was used to build an unbiased verification model. Class models generated by data-driven soft independent modelling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA) had high sensitivity (96% to 97%) and good specificity (81% to 91%) on a yearly basis, while a more generalised model combining total yearly data gave a lower specificity (63%). Of the 33 commercially available samples (test samples) with declared Slovenian origin, 39% were from outside of Slovenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Doris Potočnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | | | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | | | - Nadja Škrk
- Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Suzana Marolt
- Administration for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Shieh YC. Survival of Hepatitis A Virus on Two-Month Stored Freeze-Dried Berries. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2084-2091. [PMID: 34324691 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Imported berries have contributed to U.S. hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections. Minimal processing by freeze-drying is preferred by industry for preserving food quality, but virus inactivation by this process may be limited. This study investigated HAV survival on strawberries during 24-h freeze-drying followed by 22°C storage. The outer surfaces of strawberry slices were prepared and each inoculated with 5 to 6 log PFU HAV, air dried for 20 min, frozen for 1 h at -80°C, and freeze-dried for 24 h with radiant heating up to 36°C. Infectious HAV levels eluted from berry slices were quantified on FRhK-4 cells grown onto six-well dishes. Freeze-drying trials (n = 17) with radiant heating inactivated ≤1 log PFU per trial, although HAV inactivation was significantly (P < 0.01) greater at 36°C than at 15°C heating. Average HAV reduction rate on dried berries continuously decreased as storage time increased: 0.2-, 0.09-, 0.08-, 0.04-, 0.04-, and 0.03-log reduction per day at day 2, 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56, respectively, with the cumulated log reduction divided by storage days. Therefore, the best-fit regression for the total or cumulative virus reduction (Y) at any given day (X) is Y = 0.2882X0.4503 (r2 = 0.97), with a maximum 2.7-log reduction on berries throughout the drying and subsequent 2-month storage. HAV showed the greatest decline within the first 14 days of storage of dried berries (ca. 70% weekly reduction from its previous week's level), but the HAV reduction rates were still lower than that occurring on fresh produce. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, USA
| | - Y C Shieh
- Division of Food Processing Science and Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, USA
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Cook N, Vickers-Smith L, D'Agostino M. Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in Strawberries Implicated in an Outbreak in the USA in 1997. Food Environ Virol 2021; 13:421-422. [PMID: 34106432 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-021-09480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was detected in frozen strawberries which had been implicated in a large outbreak of hepatitis A in 1997. The sample was analysed after over 20 years of storage, following a standard method not available at the time of the outbreak. This is the first study in which the HAV associated with the 1997 outbreak of foodborne hepatitis has finally been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cook
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | | | - M D'Agostino
- Fera Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
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Miller MG, Thangthaeng N, Rutledge GA, Scott TM, Shukitt-Hale B. Dietary strawberry improves cognition in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in older adults. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:253-63. [PMID: 33468271 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114521000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional changes in the brain during ageing can alter learning and memory, gait and balance - in some cases leading to early cognitive decline, disability or injurious falls among older adults. Dietary interventions with strawberry (SB) have been associated with improvements in neuronal, psychomotor and cognitive functions in rodent models of ageing. We hypothesised that dietary supplementation with SB would improve mobility and cognition among older adults. In this study, twenty-two men and fifteen women, between the ages of 60 and 75 years, were recruited into a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which they consumed either freeze-dried SB (24 g/d, equivalent to two cups of fresh SB) or a SB placebo for 90 d. Participants completed a battery of balance, gait and cognitive tests at baseline and again at 45 and 90 d of intervention. Significant supplement group by study visit interactions were observed on tests of learning and memory. Participants in the SB group showed significantly shorter latencies in a virtual spatial navigation task (P = 0·020, ηp2 = 0·106) and increased word recognition in the California Verbal Learning test (P = 0·014, ηp2 = 0·159) across study visits relative to controls. However, no improvement in gait or balance was observed. These findings show that the addition of SB to the diets of healthy, older adults can improve some aspects of cognition, but not gait or balance, although more studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm this finding.
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Joensuu K, Hartikainen H, Karppinen S, Jaakkonen AK, Kuoppa-Aho M. Developing the collection of statistical food waste data on the primary production of fruit and vegetables. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:24618-24627. [PMID: 32648212 PMCID: PMC8144158 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet global goals of reducing food waste, feasible monitoring methods to verify the impact of reduction measures are needed. In this study, a method was developed for gathering food waste data related to the primary production of fruit and vegetables using a questionnaire for farmers. A data collection form was planned and tested for this purpose. Data was collected on the volumes of different uses of yields and the reasons why part of the yield does not end up in food use. The crop species that were included in this pilot study were food potatoes, carrots, white cabbage, and strawberries. In primary production, the share of food use of the total yield was highest for potatoes (96%) and lowest for carrots (72%). In the case of strawberries and white cabbage, 86% and 90% were used as food, respectively. In the future, it is recommended that this kind of survey be added to annual crop production surveys that cover agricultural and horticultural enterprises in Finland. To improve the response rate and decrease the reporting load of farmers, it is important that the questionnaire is designed to be as easy as possible to answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Joensuu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Maarintie 6, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Maarintie 6, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sirpa Karppinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Jaakkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kuoppa-Aho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Thielmann J, Theobald M, Wutz A, Krolo T, Buergy A, Niederhofer J, Welle F, Muranyi P. Litsea cubeba fruit essential oil and its major constituent citral as volatile agents in an antimicrobial packaging material. Food Microbiol 2021; 96:103725. [PMID: 33494898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food packaging films were coated with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) containing different concentrations of citral or Litsea (L.) cubeba essential oil (EO). Antimicrobial contact trials in style of ISO22916 were performed. Citral coatings achieved bactericidal effects against Escherichia coli (2.1 log) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.3 log) at concentrations of 20%DM. L. cubeba inactivated more than 4 log cycles of both bacteria at a concentration of 20%DM. To determine the antimicrobial activity across the gas phase, a unique method for volatile agents was developed, adapting ISO22196. GC/MS measurements were performed to supplement microbiological tests in a model packaging system with a defined 220 ml headspace (HS). HS-equilibrium concentrations of 1.8 μg/mlAir were found for 20%DM 'citral-coatings, resulting in antimicrobial effects of 3.8 log against of E. coli. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (4.74 log) and Aspergillus niger (4.29 log) were more effectively inactivated by 3%DM and 5%DM coatings. In an application trial with strawberries, simulating a headspace packaging, growth inhibitory effects on the yeast and mold microbiota were found for the 20%DM coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Thielmann
- Department of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany.
| | - Maria Theobald
- Department of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Wutz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany; Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University for Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Tomislav Krolo
- Department of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexandra Buergy
- Department of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Niederhofer
- Department of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
| | - Frank Welle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Muranyi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Freising, Germany
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13
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Casadesús A, Arabia A, Pujolriu R, Munné-Bosch S. Differential accumulation of tocochromanols in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues of strawberry plants subjected to reiterated water deficit. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:868-876. [PMID: 32896766 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tocochromanols are a group of lipid-soluble antioxidants that include tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8. Here, we examined a putative differential accumulation of tocochromanols in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues (including leaves and whole fruits) of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. Albion) plants and evaluated their endogenous variations in response to a reiterated water deficit during a vegetative (non-productive) and a fruiting (productive) period. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of tocochromanols in achenes (true fruits) and flesh of strawberries (whole fruits) at the white and full-red stages both under optimal and stress conditions. Results showed that leaves mainly accumulated α-tocopherol, with plastochromanol-8 and γ-tocopherol being present at low amounts. In contrast, whole fruits did not accumulate plastochromanol-8, γ-tocopherol being the major tocochromanol in the achenes (true fruit) and α-tocopherol in the flesh. While α-tocopherol content in leaves increased up to seven-fold after 12 weeks of stress during the fruiting period, it kept unaltered during the vegetative period. Neither plastochromanol-8 nor γ-tocopherol contents increased in leaves of stressed plants. During the fruiting period, γ-tocopherol content increased in whole fruits of stressed plants (most of it being accumulated in the achenes). Among the compounds examined, the flesh of strawberries accumulated α-tocopherol only, both at the white and full-red stages. It is concluded that (i) α-tocopherol is the major tocochromanol in leaves, while γ-tocopherol is the major tocochromanol in achenes (ii) reiterated water deficit promotes the accumulation of α-tocopherol in leaves and γ-tocopherol in fruits, (iii) α-tocopherol not only accumulates in photosynthetic tissues (leaves and whole fruits at green stages), but also in non-photosynthetic tissues (flesh of whole fruits at the white and full-red stages), and (iv) achenes (true fruits) of strawberry plants are an extraordinary rich source of tocopherols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casadesús
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Arabia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Pujolriu
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Ortiz Pineda C, Temesgen TT, Robertson LJ. Multiplex Quantitative PCR Analysis of Strawberries from Bogotá, Colombia, for Contamination with Three Parasites. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1679-1684. [PMID: 32421823 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Berries are potential vehicles for the transmission of parasites and have been implicated in illness outbreaks in various countries around the world, particularly in the United States. Although data on contamination of fresh produce with foodborne parasites have been obtained from various global regions, data from Colombia are lacking even though South American countries are major producers of fresh produce, which is both consumed nationally and exported. In this study, we used a previously published multiplex quantitative PCR approach to investigate contamination of strawberries purchased in either supermarkets or local markets in 20 localities. Strawberries were washed in a detergent solution after purchase, and the eluate was concentrated and sent to Norway for molecular analysis. Of the 120 strawberry samples analyzed, wash eluate from 6 samples (5%) tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii DNA, and 1 sample (0.83%) was positive for Cyclospora cayetanensis DNA. These results indicate that strawberries for sale in Bogotá, Colombia, may be contaminated with T. gondii and C. cayetanensis and, therefore, could act as transmission vehicles for these parasites. These data also indicate that cat and human fecal contamination of the strawberries has occurred at some point in their production, transportation, or storage. These findings highlight the need for a hazard analysis critical control point investigation of the strawberry production chain and implementation of measures to reduce the risk of strawberry contamination, thereby minimizing the risk of transmission of parasitic infection via these fruits, which are usually consumed raw. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ortiz Pineda
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá DC, CP 111321, Colombia
| | - Tamirat Tefera Temesgen
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-4421 [L.J.R.])
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5186-4421 [L.J.R.])
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15
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Gao Q, Qin LQ, Arafa A, Eshak ES, Dong JY. Effects of strawberry intervention on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:241-6. [PMID: 32238201 DOI: 10.1017/S000711452000121X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to examine the effects of strawberry interventions on cardiovascular risk factors. We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus to identify eligible studies published before 19 May 2019. The endpoints were blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, fasting blood glucose, endothelial function and inflammatory factors. Pooled analyses were performed using random- or fixed-effects models according to a heterogeneity test. We also conducted sub-group analyses by baseline endpoint levels. We included eleven RCT in this meta-analysis (six for blood pressure, seven for lipid profile, seven for fasting blood glucose and six for C-reactive protein (CRP)). Overall, the strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels by 0·63 (95 % CI -1·04, -0·22) mg/l but did not affect blood pressure, lipid profile or fasting blood glucose in the main analyses. Our analysis stratified by baseline endpoint levels showed the strawberry interventions significantly reduced TC among people with baseline levels >5 mmol/l (-0·52 (95 % CI -0·88, -0·15) mmol/l) and reduced LDL-cholesterol among people with baseline levels >3 mmol/l (-0·31 (95 % CI -0·60, -0·02) mmol/l). There was little evidence of heterogeneity in the analysis and no evidence of publication bias. In summary, strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels and may improve TC and LDL-cholesterol in individuals with high baseline levels.
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16
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Muley AB, Singhal RS. Extension of postharvest shelf life of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) using a coating of chitosan-whey protein isolate conjugate. Food Chem 2020; 329:127213. [PMID: 32516713 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan and whey protein isolate (WPI) conjugate films were prepared as a novel matrix for encapsulating and extending the postharvest shelf life of strawberries. Film forming solutions of chitosan, WPI, and chitosan-WPI conjugate were mixed with glycerol, casted for films at 60 ± 2 °C and assessed for their colour, water vapour and oxygen transfer rate, textural, functional groups and secondary structure, thermal, crystallinity, and antioxidant properties. Chitosan-WPI conjugate films were applied as an edible coating on strawberries, and studied for storage stability at 5 °C and 20 °C by assessing physical and biochemical parameters. A considerable reduction in colour indices, weight loss, pH and titratable acidity, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, DPPH and ABTS assay was noted in the coated strawberries over the control at both the studied temperatures. The control strawberries had a shelf life of 5 and 3 days, whereas coating enhanced the shelf life of strawberries to 8 and 5 days when stored at 5 °C and 20 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Bhimrao Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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17
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Peris-Felipo FJ, Benavent-Gil Y, Hernández-Apaolaza L. Silicon beneficial effects on yield, fruit quality and shelf-life of strawberries grown in different culture substrates under different iron status. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 152:23-31. [PMID: 32361399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The silicon application either as foliar or to the radicular system of strawberry plants was investigated. Fortuna strawberry plants were grown in two different substrates (coconut fibre and organic substrate) under optimal (20 μM) or low (5 μM) iron (Fe) conditions. During the study, crop parameters including leaf area, SPAD and fruit yield were measured. At harvest, fruit quality and post-harvest shelf-life were evaluated. Results indicated that "Fortuna" strawberries plants had a poor development in coconut fibre and excellent growth and yield in the organic substrate. In the coconut fibre substrate, no differences in foliar area, fruit diameter, colour, pH and shelf-life were observed related to the Si addition under deficient Fe conditions, but an increased in weight and the firmness of the fruits, as well as in fructose content was shown. However, when 20 μM Fe were supplied, the root application of Si significantly increases: protein, mineral and sugar content, as well as fruit shelf-life by an average of 1.5 days. Likewise, the radicular silicon application to the organic substrate considerably improved yield, fruit diameter, fruit weight, glucose and fructose fruit content and the fruit shelf-life without causing distinguishable chemical or physicochemical changes. In summary, Si application to Fortuna strawberries through the roots could be a good solution to increase fruit quality and yield and to increase benefits from the agronomical point of view. Further studies in other strawberry varieties and dose rates will allow knowing with better precision how the radicular application of silicon contributes to yield and fruit shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Peris-Felipo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Benavent-Gil
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), C/ Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 7, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Apaolaza
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Al-Kuraieef AN, Alshawi AH, Alsuhaibani AMA. Effect of the combined action of potassium sorbate and irradiation on the quality-maintenance of strawberries. J Food Sci Technol 2019; 56:3374-3379. [PMID: 31274905 PMCID: PMC6582126 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A relatively short storage life is considered a major problem for the transportation of strawberries across long distances to markets and for exportation. The aim of this research is to study the combined effects of potassium sorbate and radiation (3 kGy) on the microbial load, shelf life and most of the biochemical constituents such as vitamin C and total soluble solids of strawberries. A potassium sorbate (1%) treatment was combined, in practical application, with irradiation (3 kGy) to extend the shelf life of strawberries. All strawberry samples were stored at 4 ± 1 °C (90-92% RH). Quality assessment of the microbial and biochemical constituents, vitamin C, and TSS during the storage period was performed. The results showed that Gamma irradiation alone at 3 kGy extended the shelf life of strawberries to 21 days. Further extension of the shelf life to 21 days was obtained when irradiation (3 kGy) was combined with potassium sorbate treatment. All treatments caused non-significant decreases in vitamin C content during storage, except for the treatment of strawberries with a solution of potassium sorbate, which caused a significant decrease in the vitamin C content, and a gradual decrease in the vitamin C content occurred with an increase in storage time for all treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal N. Al-Kuraieef
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Alshawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M. A. Alsuhaibani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Huang L, Luo X, Gao J, Matthews KR. Influence of water antimicrobials and storage conditions on inactivating MS2 bacteriophage on strawberries. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 291:67-71. [PMID: 30472396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses caused by norovirus contaminated fresh produce remain a food safety concern worldwide. In the present study, the impacts of commercial and home processing conditions of strawberries were evaluated for inactivation of the MS2 bacteriophage. MS2 was used as a surrogate of norovirus and was spot inoculated onto strawberries to achieve 6.6 log PFU/g. The inoculated strawberries were washed with tap water, electrolyzed water, or 50 ppm chlorine for 90 s prior to and after storage. After initial washing, the strawberries were separately stored at -20 °C and -80 °C for 30 days. Change in MS2 populations on strawberries was evaluated by plaque assay method on day 1, 15, and 30 for -20 °C and -80 °C groups. The results showed that washing strawberries prior to storage resulted in a significant decrease (approximately 1 log PFU/g) of MS2 population regardless of the treatment (p < 0.05). Frozen storage had minor effects on inactivating MS2, which resulted in approximately a 0.5 log PFU/g reduction at the end of storage. Washing frozen berries in electrolyzed water or 50 ppm chlorine on day 30 resulted in an additional 1 log PFU/g decrease in MS2 compared to water alone. These results suggest that washing strawberries with a chemical antimicrobial prior to and post frozen storage may enhance microbial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Karl R Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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20
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Khan I, Tango CN, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Development of antimicrobial edible coating based on modified chitosan for the improvement of strawberries shelf life. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1257-1264. [PMID: 31275727 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-00554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible antimicrobial coating produced from chitosan (CS) and its derivative was applied to improve the shelf life of fresh strawberries at 10 °C. Fruits treated with coating solution was stored at 10 °C and evaluated for weight loss, visual decay and microbiological analysis. Results indicated that the percentage weight loss and the decay were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for chitosan-monomethyl fumaric acid (CS-MFA) than that of CS and control samples. The total aerobic count for CS-MFA was 3.32 log CFU/fruit and was considerably lowered (p < 0.05) than CS (3.83 log CFU/fruit) and control (5.31 log CFU/fruit) at the end of storage. Fruit coated with CS-MFA showed significantly lowered (p < 0.05) count of yeast and molds when compared with CS. In conclusion, the antimicrobial edible coating based on modified CS improved microbiological characteristics and increased the shelf life from 4 (control) to 8 days (coated fruits).
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- 2Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, 10408 South Korea.,3Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Charles Nkufi Tango
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- 1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
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21
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Yue TT, Li X, Wang XX, Yan X, Yu M, Ma JW, Zhou Y, Ramakrishna S, Long YZ. Electrospinning of Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Polyoxyethylene Oxide Nanofibers for Fruit Fresh-Keeping. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:239. [PMID: 30112698 PMCID: PMC6093835 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning provides an effective method for generating nanofibers from solution of carboxymethyl chitosan/polyoxyethylene oxide (CMCS/PEO). The goal of this work is to explore the potential application of electrospun CMCS/PEO nanofiber membrane in fruit fresh-keeping. The microstructure, antibacterial activity, hydrophilia, and air permeability of the nanofiber membrane have been tested. For comparison, the fresh-keeping effects of commercial cling wrap and CMCS/PEO nanofiber membranes on strawberries' rotting rate and weight loss rate have been studied. The results indicate that the electrospun CMCS/PEO membrane could effectively avoid water loss in strawberries and has a remarkable effect to prolong strawberries' shelf life due to its breathability and antibacterial activity. In addition, the composite CMCS/PEO, nanofiber membrane is non-poisonous and edible, which can be used in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Yue
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xu Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Miao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Jian-Wei Ma
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun-Ze Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Nanomaterials & Devices, College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
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22
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Flores-Félix JD, Velázquez E, García-Fraile P, González-Andrés F, Silva LR, Rivas R. Rhizobium and Phyllobacterium bacterial inoculants increase bioactive compounds and quality of strawberries cultivated in field conditions. Food Res Int 2018; 111:416-422. [PMID: 30007704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are widely demanded by the consumers because they contain several bioactive compounds, mainly vitamin C and anthocyanins, which may be increased by biofertilization with some plant growth promoting bacteria. In this work we have analysed two bacterial strains, PEPV15 and PEPV16, from genera Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium, respectively, which under microcosms conditions were able to promote the strawberry growth, increasing the content of some bioactive compounds, such as vitamin C or organic acids. Here we have analysed the effect on bioactive compounds in strawberries from plants biofertilized with the strains PEPV15 and PEPV16 in field conditions. Under these conditions, the anthocyanin content was increased when plants were biofertilized with the strain PEPV15 and the pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside content significantly increased. Besides, citric acid, vitamin C and epicatechin contents were significantly higher when either of the two strains was used as biofertilizer. Our results showed that the inoculation with Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium strains is a good agronomical practice, which improve the content of several bioactive compounds of strawberries increasing the beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Flores-Félix
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Encarna Velázquez
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain; "Interacción Planta-Microorganismo" Associated Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Andrés
- Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida de Portugal, 41, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luís R Silva
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Raúl Rivas
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Spain; "Interacción Planta-Microorganismo" Associated Unit, USAL-CSIC (IRNASA), Salamanca, Spain
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23
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Sadok I, Szmagara A, Staniszewska MM. The validated and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for determination of patulin in strawberries. Food Chem 2017; 245:364-370. [PMID: 29287382 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This work outlines HPLC coupled with DAD detection for accurate quantification of patulin (mycotoxin) in strawberries. The optimized extraction of fruit samples through the modified QuEChERS technique in acetonitrile acidified with acetic acid (1%, v/v) and citrate-buffered salts followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using a primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon is described. The method presents LOD and LOQ of 1.5 and 5µg/kg, respectively and has been validated in strawberry matrix at three concentration levels (5, 10 and 50µg/kg), according to SANTE/11945/2015 and the 2002/657/EC Decision requirements. All validated patulin levels show high percentage of patulin recovery. The validation procedure also includes the intermediate precision performed within three successive days in samples spiked with patulin. The developed method was applied for analysis of fresh and frozen strawberries purchased at local markets. Patulin level in analyzed samples was below the level of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szmagara
- Laboratory of Composite and Biomimetic Materials, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Maria Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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24
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Berni E, Tranquillini R, Scaramuzza N, Brutti A, Bernini V. Aspergilli with Neosartorya-type ascospores: heat resistance and effect of sugar concentration on growth and spoilage incidence in berry products. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 258:81-8. [PMID: 28772258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on four different heat resistant aspergilli: two strains of Aspergillus hiratsukae (≡Neosartorya hiratsukae), one strain of Aspergillus neoglaber (≡Neosartorya glabra), and one strain of Aspergillus thermomutatus (≡Neosartorya pseudofischeri), all isolated from spoiled pasteurized products. Their heat-resistance, the sugar concentration limiting their germination and growth in berry-based media, and a possible relation between the contamination levels of the raw materials used and the spoilage incidence in strawberry jams were assessed. Heat resistance data obtained from thermal death curves showed that the D values of the strains tested ranged between 3.7 and 13.5min at 87°C; 1.5 and 3.5min at 90°C; and 0.3 and 0.4min at 95°C in glucose solution. Similarly, D values ranged between 3.3 and 15.4min at 87°C; 1.3 and 4.3min at 90°C; and 0.3 and 0.6min at 95°C in strawberry-based formulation. For all strains, the corresponding z-values ranged between 5.7 and 8.3°C in glucose solution and from 5.7 to 8.4°C in strawberry formulation. With regard to the limitation of fungal germination and growth in fruit-based media, sucrose concentrations required to avoid growth varied between 45.0 and 55.0% for strawberry medium and between 42.5% and 50.0% for blueberry medium. Spore inactivation was observed below aw 0.88-0.91 for strawberries and aw 0.87-0.90 for blueberries; above 49.7-56.5°Bx for strawberries and 49.6-56.0°Bx for blueberries. The threshold optical refractometric residue proved strain-dependent, but substrate-independent, as for each strain the highest Brix degree value at which germination occurred was the same on both media, despite their different sucrose concentrations. With regard to the relation between contamination of raw materials by heat-resistant mould spores and spoilage incidence on final product, an equation was modelled to estimate the occurrence of fungal spoilage in strawberry jams for low contamination levels (26-46CFU/kg). Although it could not be used as a definitive tool to predict final spoilage in such of products, it could give important practical information to jam producers in preventing spoilage of their products.
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25
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Paquette M, Medina Larqué AS, Weisnagel SJ, Desjardins Y, Marois J, Pilon G, Dudonné S, Marette A, Jacques H. Strawberry and cranberry polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant, non-diabetic adults: a parallel, double-blind, controlled and randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:519-31. [PMID: 28290272 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived foods rich in polyphenols are associated with several cardiometabolic
health benefits, such as reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia. However, their impact on
whole-body insulin sensitivity using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique
remains under-studied. We aimed to determine the effects of strawberry and cranberry
polyphenols (SCP) on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, lipid
profile, inflammation and oxidative stress markers in free-living insulin-resistant
overweight or obese human subjects (n 41) in a parallel, double-blind,
controlled and randomised clinical trial. The experimental group consumed an SCP beverage
(333 mg SCP) daily for 6 weeks, whereas the Control group received a flavour-matched
Control beverage that contained 0 mg SCP. At the beginning and at the end of the
experimental period, insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic
clamp, and glucose tolerance and insulin secretion by a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT). Insulin sensitivity increased in the SCP group as compared with the Control group
(+0·9 (sem 0·5)×10−3v. −0·5 (sem 0·5)×10−3 mg/kg per min per pmol,
respectively, P=0·03). Compared with the Control group, the SCP group had
a lower first-phase insulin secretion response as measured by C-peptide levels during the
first 30 min of the OGTT (P=0·002). No differences were detected between
the two groups for lipids and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. A 6-week
dietary intervention with 333 mg of polyphenols from strawberries and cranberries improved
insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese non-diabetic, insulin-resistant human subjects
but was not effective in improving other cardiometabolic risk factors.
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26
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Marszałek K, Woźniak Ł, Skąpska S, Mitek M. High pressure processing and thermal pasteurization of strawberry purée: quality parameters and shelf life evaluation during cold storage. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:832-841. [PMID: 28298698 PMCID: PMC5334243 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at monitoring changes in the quality of strawberry purée preserved by high pressure processing (HPP) and thermal pasteurization (TP) during cold storage (6 °C) and determining its optimal storage period. The storage period of strawberry purée treated at 500 MPa, 50 °C, 15 min based on microbiological changes was 12 weeks. During this period, purée lost 32% of polyphenols, 73% of anthocyanins and entire vitamin C. Color changes described as dE increased up to 5.05 whereas the overall sensory quality decreased by 3 points on a 9-point scale. Under similar storage conditions, TP-preserved purée lost only 28% of polyphenols and 54% of anthocyanins, and entire vitamin C. Color changes were more visible (dE = 7.21) compared to the HPP sample whereas the overall sensory quality decreased only by 2 points. Recommended cold shelf-life for the HPP product was estimated at 6 weeks, during which period HPP-preserved purée had higher content of polyphenols and colour parameters compared to TP purée.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka str., 02532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Woźniak
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka str., 02532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Skąpska
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, 36 Rakowiecka str., 02532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mitek
- Division of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, 161 Nowoursynowska str., 02787 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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DiCaprio E, Phantkankum N, Culbertson D, Ma Y, Hughes JH, Kingsley D, Uribe RM, Li J. Inactivation of human norovirus and Tulane virus in simple media and fresh whole strawberries by ionizing radiation. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 232:43-51. [PMID: 27240219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of fresh produce-associated outbreaks and human NoV in irrigation water can potentially lead to viral internalization in fresh produce. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel intervention strategies to target internalized viral pathogens while maintaining fresh produce quality. In this study electron beam (E-beam) and gamma radiation were evaluated for efficacy against a human NoV GII.4 strain and Tulane virus (TV). Virus survival following ionizing radiation treatments was determined using direct quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), the porcine gastric mucin magnetic bead (PGM-MB) binding assay followed by RT-qPCR, and plaque assay. In simple media, a high dose of E-beam treatment was required to completely abolish the receptor binding ability of human NoV (35.3kGy) and TV (19.5-24.1kGy), as assessed using the PGM-MB binding assay. Both human NoV and TV were more susceptible to gamma irradiation than E-beam, requiring 22.4kGy to achieve complete inactivation. In whole strawberries, no human NoV or TV RNA was detected following 28.7kGy of E-beam treatment using the PGM-MB binding assay. Overall, human NoV and TV are highly resistant to ionizing radiation and therefore the technology may not be suitable to eliminate viruses in fresh produce at the currently approved levels. In addition, the PGM-MB binding assay is an improved method to detect viral infectivity compared to direct RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin DiCaprio
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Nuttapong Phantkankum
- College of Applied Engineering Sustainability and Technology, Kent State Universtiy, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Doug Culbertson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - Yuanmei Ma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States
| | - John H Hughes
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - David Kingsley
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, James W. W. Baker Center, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, United States
| | - Roberto M Uribe
- College of Applied Engineering Sustainability and Technology, Kent State Universtiy, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, United States.
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28
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Bartsch C, Szabo K, Dinh-Thanh M, Schrader C, Trojnar E, Johne R. Comparison and optimization of detection methods for noroviruses in frozen strawberries containing different amounts of RT-PCR inhibitors. Food Microbiol 2016; 60:124-30. [PMID: 27554153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Frozen berries have been repeatedly identified as vehicles for norovirus (NoV) transmission causing large gastroenteritis outbreaks. However, virus detection in berries is often hampered by the presence of RT-PCR-inhibiting substances. Here, several virus extraction methods for subsequent real-time RT-PCR-based NoV-RNA detection in strawberries were compared and optimized. NoV recovery rates (RRs) between 0.21 ± 0.13% and 10.29 ± 6.03% were found when five different artificially contaminated strawberry batches were analyzed by the ISO/TS15216-2 method indicating the presence of different amounts of RT-PCR inhibitors. A comparison of five different virus extraction methods using artificially contaminated strawberries containing high amounts of RT-PCR inhibitors revealed the best NoV RRs for the ISO/TS15216 method. Further improvement of NoV RRs from 2.83 ± 2.92% to 15.28 ± 9.73% was achieved by the additional use of Sephacryl(®)-based columns for RNA purification. Testing of 22 frozen strawberry samples from a batch involved in a gastroenteritis outbreak resulted in 5 vs. 13 NoV GI-positive and in 9 vs. 20 NoV GII-positive samples using the original ISO/TS15216 method vs. the extended protocol, respectively. It can be concluded that the inclusion of an additional RNA purification step can increase NoV detection by the ISO/TS15216-2 method in frozen berries containing high amounts of RT-PCR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bartsch
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Szabo
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mai Dinh-Thanh
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Schrader
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Trojnar
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Lozowicka B, Jankowska M, Hrynko I, Kaczynski P. Removal of 16 pesticide residues from strawberries by washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:51. [PMID: 26694708 PMCID: PMC4688301 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling on 16 pesticide (ten fungicides and six insecticides) residue levels in raw strawberries were investigated at different processing times (1, 2 and 5 min). An analysis of these pesticides was conducted using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron capture detection (GC-NPD/ECD). The processing factor (PF) for each pesticide in each processing technique was determined. Washing with ozonated water was demonstrated to be more effective (reduction from 36.1 to 75.1 %) than washing with tap water (reduction from 19.8 to 68.1 %). Boiling decreased the residues of the most compounds, with reductions ranging from 42.8 to 92.9 %. Ultrasonic cleaning lowered residues for all analysed pesticides with removal of up to 91.2 %. The data indicated that ultrasonic cleaning and boiling were the most effective treatments for the reduction of 16 pesticide residues in raw strawberries, resulting in a lower health risk exposure. Calculated PFs for alpha-cypermethrin were used to perform an acute risk assessment of dietary exposure. To investigate the relationship between the levels of 16 pesticides in strawberry samples and their physicochemical properties, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Lozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczynski
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22, 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
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30
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Ma R, Wang G, Tian Y, Wang K, Zhang J, Fang J. Non-thermal plasma-activated water inactivation of food-borne pathogen on fresh produce. J Hazard Mater 2015; 300:643-651. [PMID: 26282219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma has been widely considered to be an effective method for decontamination of foods. Recently, numerous studies report that plasma-activated water (PAW) also has outstanding antibacterial ability. This study presents the first report on the potential of PAW for the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) inoculated on strawberries. PAW treatments achieved a reduction of S. aureus ranging from 1.6 to 2.3 log at day-0 storage, while 1.7 to 3.4 log at day-4 storage. The inactivation efficiency depended on the plasma-activated time for PAW generation and PAW-treated time of strawberries inoculated with S. aureus. LIVE/DEAD staining and scanning electron microscopy results confirm that PAW could damage the bacterial cell wall. Moreover, optical emission spectra and oxidation reduction potential results demonstrate the inactivation is mainly attributed to oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species in PAW. In addition, no significant change was found in color, firmness and pH of the PAW treated strawberries. Thus, PAW can be a promising alternative to traditional sanitizers applied in the fresh produce industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Ma
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Guomin Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ying Tian
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Kaile Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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31
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Bouwknegt M, Verhaelen K, Rzeżutka A, Kozyra I, Maunula L, von Bonsdorff CH, Vantarakis A, Kokkinos P, Petrovic T, Lazic S, Pavlik I, Vasickova P, Willems KA, Havelaar AH, Rutjes SA, de Roda Husman AM. Quantitative farm-to-fork risk assessment model for norovirus and hepatitis A virus in European leafy green vegetable and berry fruit supply chains. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 198:50-8. [PMID: 25598201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fresh produce that is contaminated with viruses may lead to infection and viral gastroenteritis or hepatitis when consumed raw. It is thus important to reduce virus numbers on these foods. Prevention of virus contamination in fresh produce production and processing may be more effective than treatment, as sufficient virus removal or inactivation by post-harvest treatment requires high doses that may adversely affect food quality. To date knowledge of the contribution of various potential contamination routes is lacking. A risk assessment model was developed for human norovirus, hepatitis A virus and human adenovirus in raspberry and salad vegetable supply chains to quantify contributions of potential contamination sources to the contamination of produce at retail. These models were used to estimate public health risks. Model parameterization was based on monitoring data from European supply chains and literature data. No human pathogenic viruses were found in the soft fruit supply chains; human adenovirus (hAdV) was detected, which was additionally monitored as an indicator of fecal pollution to assess the contribution of potential contamination points. Estimated risks per serving of lettuce based on the models were 3×10(-4) (6×10(-6)-5×10(-3)) for NoV infection and 3×10(-8) (7×10(-10)-3×10(-6)) for hepatitis A jaundice. The contribution to virus contamination of hand-contact was larger as compared with the contribution of irrigation, the conveyor belt or the water used for produce rinsing. In conclusion, viral contamination in the lettuce and soft fruit supply chains occurred and estimated health risks were generally low. Nevertheless, the 97.5% upper limit for the estimated NoV contamination of lettuce suggested that infection risks up to 50% per serving might occur. Our study suggests that attention to full compliance for hand hygiene will improve fresh produce safety related to virus risks most as compared to the other examined sources, given the monitoring results. This effect will be further aided by compliance with other hygiene and water quality regulations in production and processing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Bouwknegt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Katharina Verhaelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Artur Rzeżutka
- Department of Food and Environmental Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Kozyra
- Department of Food and Environmental Virology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Leena Maunula
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl-Henrik von Bonsdorff
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Petros Kokkinos
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Tamas Petrovic
- Virology Department, Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sava Lazic
- Virology Department, Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivo Pavlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kris A Willems
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arie H Havelaar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Rutjes
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Shaw AL, Svoboda A, Jie B, Nonnecke G, Mendonca A. Survival of Escherichia coli on strawberries grown under greenhouse conditions. Food Microbiol 2014; 46:200-203. [PMID: 25475285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Strawberries are soft fruit that are not recommended to have a post-harvest wash due to quality concerns. Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to outbreaks with strawberries but little is known about the survival of E. coli during the growth cycle of strawberries. The survival of E. coli on strawberry plants during growing under greenhouses conditions was evaluated. Soil, leaves, and strawberries (if present) were artificially contaminated with an E. coli surrogate either at the time of planting, first runner removal (4 wk), second runner removal (8 wk), or one week prior to harvest. At harvest E. coli was recovered from the leaves, soil, and strawberries regardless of the contamination time. Time of contamination influenced (P < 0.05) numbers of viable E. coli on the plant. The highest survival of E. coli (P < 0.0001) was detected in soil that was contaminated at planting (4.27 log10 CFU g soil(-1)), whereas, the survival of E. coli was maximal at later contamination times (8 wk and 1 wk prior to harvest) for the leaves (4.40 and 4.68 log10 CFU g leaves(-1)) and strawberries (3.37 and 3.53 log10 CFU strawberry(-1)). Cross contamination from leaves to fruit was observed during this study, with the presence of E. coli on strawberries which had not been present at the time of contamination. These results indicate that good agricultural best practices to avoid contamination are necessary to minimize the risk of contamination of these popular fruit with enteric pathogens. Practices should include soil testing prior to harvest and avoiding contamination of the leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Laury Shaw
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Amanda Svoboda
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Beatrice Jie
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gail Nonnecke
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aubrey Mendonca
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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33
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Nile SH, Park SW. Edible berries: bioactive components and their effect on human health. Nutrition 2013; 30:134-44. [PMID: 24012283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of food consumption in relation to human health has increased consumer attention in nutraceutical components and foods, especially fruits and vegetables. Berries are a rich source of a wide variety of non-nutritive, nutritive, and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and tannins, as well as nutritive compounds such as sugars, essential oils, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. Bioactive compounds from berries have potent antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antineurodegenerative properties, both in vitro and in vivo. The following is a comprehensive and critical review on nutritional and non-nutritional bioactive compounds of berries including their absorption, metabolism, and biological activity in relation to their potential effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Se Won Park
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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