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Bilal M, Qamar SA, Carballares D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Proteases immobilized on nanomaterials for biocatalytic, environmental and biomedical applications: Advantages and drawbacks. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108304. [PMID: 38135131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteases have gained significant scientific and industrial interest due to their unique biocatalytic characteristics and broad-spectrum applications in different industries. The development of robust nanobiocatalytic systems by attaching proteases onto various nanostructured materials as fascinating and novel nanocarriers has demonstrated exceptional biocatalytic performance, substantial stability, and ease of recyclability over multiple reaction cycles under different chemical and physical conditions. Proteases immobilized on nanocarriers may be much more resistant to denaturation caused by extreme temperatures or pH values, detergents, organic solvents, and other protein denaturants than free enzymes. Immobilized proteases may present a lower inhibition. The use of non-porous materials in the immobilization prevents diffusion and steric hindrances during the binding of the substrate to the active sites of enzymes compared to immobilization onto porous materials; when using very large or solid substrates, orientation of the enzyme must always be adequate. The advantages and problems of the immobilization of proteases on nanoparticles are discussed in this review. The continuous and batch reactor operations of nanocarrier-immobilized proteases have been successfully investigated for a variety of applications in the leather, detergent, biomedical, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Information about immobilized proteases on various nanocarriers and nanomaterials has been systematically compiled here. Furthermore, different industrial applications of immobilized proteases have also been highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- Department of Environmental, Biological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Diego Carballares
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, C/ Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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2
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Wang F, Xu H, Wang M, Yu X, Cui Y, Xu L, Ma A, Ding Z, Huo S, Zou B, Qian J. Application of Immobilized Enzymes in Juice Clarification. Foods 2023; 12:4258. [PMID: 38231709 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes are currently being rapidly developed and are widely used in juice clarification. Immobilized enzymes have many advantages, and they show great advantages in juice clarification. The commonly used methods for immobilizing enzymes include adsorption, entrapment, covalent bonding, and cross-linking. Different immobilization methods are adopted for different enzymes to accommodate their different characteristics. This article systematically reviews the methods of enzyme immobilization and the use of immobilized supports in juice clarification. In addition, the mechanisms and effects of clarification with immobilized pectinase, immobilized laccase, and immobilized xylanase in fruit juice are elaborated upon. Furthermore, suggestions and prospects are provided for future studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Anzhou Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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da Silva PM, Esparza-Flores EE, Virgili AH, de Menezes EW, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Dal Magro L, Rodrigues RC. Effect of Support Matrix and Crosslinking Agents on Nutritional Properties of Orange Juice during Enzyme Clarification: A Comparative Study. Foods 2023; 12:3919. [PMID: 37959038 PMCID: PMC10647825 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of a support matrix and active group on the support to the nutritional properties of orange juice after juice clarification. Pectinase was immobilized on chitosan and aminated silica supports, activated with genipin or glutaraldehyde, and applied for juice clarification. The effects on various juice properties, including reducing sugars, total soluble solids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds, juice color, and pH, were evaluated. The results revealed that the immobilization on chitosan activated using genipin resulted in the highest biocatalyst activity (1211.21 U·g-1). The juice treatments using the biocatalysts led to turbidity reduction in the juice (up to 90%), with the highest reductions observed in treatments involving immobilized enzyme on chitosan. Importantly, the enzymatic treatments preserved the natural sugar content, total soluble solids, and pH of the juice. Color differences between treated and raw juice samples were especially relevant for those treated using enzymes, with significant differences in L* and b*, showing loss of yellow vivid color. Analysis of phenolic compounds and vitamin C showed no significant alterations after the enzymatic treatment of the raw juice. According to our results, the clarification of orange juice using immobilized enzymes can be a compromise in turbidity reduction and color reduction to maintain juice quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela M. da Silva
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (P.M.d.S.); (E.E.E.-F.)
| | - Eli Emanuel Esparza-Flores
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (P.M.d.S.); (E.E.E.-F.)
| | - Anike H. Virgili
- LSS—Laboratory of Solids and Surfaces, Instituto de Química, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (A.H.V.); (E.W.d.M.)
| | - Eliana W. de Menezes
- LSS—Laboratory of Solids and Surfaces, Instituto de Química, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (A.H.V.); (E.W.d.M.)
| | | | - Lucas Dal Magro
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-Rio-Grandense—IFSul, Pelotas 96015-360, RS, Brazil;
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil; (P.M.d.S.); (E.E.E.-F.)
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4
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Dwivedi S, Yadav K, Gupta S, Tanveer A, Yadav S, Yadav D. Fungal pectinases: an insight into production, innovations and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:305. [PMID: 37691054 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The fungal system holds morphological plasticity and metabolic versatility which makes it unique. Fungal habitat ranges from the Arctic region to the fertile mainland, including tropical rainforests, and temperate deserts. They possess a wide range of lifestyles behaving as saprophytic, parasitic, opportunistic, and obligate symbionts. These eukaryotic microbes can survive any living condition and adapt to behave as extremophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, or even psychrophile organisms. This behaviour has been exploited to yield microbial enzymes which can survive in extreme environments. The cost-effective production, stable catalytic behaviour and ease of genetic manipulation make them prominent sources of several industrially important enzymes. Pectinases are a class of pectin-degrading enzymes that show different mechanisms and substrate specificities to release end products. The pectinase family of enzymes is produced by microbial sources such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, plants, and animals. Fungal pectinases having high specificity for natural sources and higher stabilities and catalytic activities make them promising green catalysts for industrial applications. Pectinases from different microbial sources have been investigated for their industrial applications. However, their relevance in the food and textile industries is remarkable and has been extensively studied. The focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the current findings on fungal pectinases targeting diverse sources of fungal strains, their production by fermentation techniques, and a summary of purification strategies. Studies on pectinases regarding innovations comprising bioreactor-based production, immobilization of pectinases, in silico and expression studies, directed evolution, and omics-driven approaches specifically by fungal microbiota have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Aiman Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India.
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5
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Ozyilmaz G, Gunay E. Clarification of apple, grape and pear juices by co-immobilized amylase, pectinase and cellulase. Food Chem 2023; 398:133900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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MOTTA JFG, FREITAS BCBD, ALMEIDA AFD, MARTINS GADS, BORGES SV. Use of enzymes in the food industry: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Santana ML, Tavares IMDC, Costa FS, Teshima E, de Sena AR, Franco M, de Assis SA. The improvement of guava (Psidium guajava) juice quality using crude multi-enzymatic extracts obtained from yeasts. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022. [PMID: 36585894 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Guava juice is cloudy and viscous, which hinders filtration, decreases yield, and causes the loss of quality after its processing and during storage. This study aimed to evaluate enzymatic treatment effects using crude multi-enzymatic extracts (CME) obtained from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula orizycola, and Pseudozyma sp. produced by submerse fermentation in the extraction of juice guava. Mixtures of 100 ml of guava pulp and multi-enzymatic extracts proposed by Doehlert planning were incubated under constant agitation at 150 rpm and 50°C, and a Doehlert design was applied as a multivariate optimization strategy. The optimal conditions using the multi-enzymatic extract were: 0.4% (v/v) of CME for 131 min for the multi-enzymatic treatment using Pseudozyma sp.; 3.0% (v/v) of CME for 154 min using the R. mucilaginosa CME; and 5.0% (v/v) of CME for 90 min using R. oryzicola. The maximum viscosity reduction values for the juices treated with the CME of yeasts were 10.33%, 86.38%, and 13.33% for the juices treated with the CME of Pseudozyma sp., R. mucilaginosa, and R. orizycola, respectively. The physical-chemical properties were improved after treatment with CMEs, yielding a reduction of clarity, increase of total soluble solids and reducing sugars, and decreasing the acidity (pH) for all treatments with enzymatic extracts of all strains. The yeasts studied showed a potential for CME production to be applied to juice, improving the quality of the juice, and R. mucilaginosa was the most prominent yeast due to most significant reduction of viscosity in guava juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Liza Santana
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisa Teshima
- Department of Technology, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amanda Reges de Sena
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.,Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Education, Science and Technology Institute of Pernambuco, Barreiros, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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8
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Sulman AM, Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Cellulase Immobilization on Nanostructured Supports for Biomass Waste Processing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3796. [PMID: 36364572 PMCID: PMC9656580 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts, i.e., enzymes immobilized on nanostructured supports, received considerable attention because they are potential remedies to overcome shortcomings of traditional biocatalysts, such as low efficiency of mass transfer, instability during catalytic reactions, and possible deactivation. In this short review, we will analyze major aspects of immobilization of cellulase-an enzyme for cellulosic biomass waste processing-on nanostructured supports. Such supports provide high surface areas, increased enzyme loading, and a beneficial environment to enhance cellulase performance and its stability, leading to nanobiocatalysts for obtaining biofuels and value-added chemicals. Here, we will discuss such nanostructured supports as carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles (NPs), nanohydrogels, nanofibers, silica NPs, hierarchical porous materials, magnetic NPs and their nanohybrids, based on publications of the last five years. The use of magnetic NPs is especially favorable due to easy separation and the nanobiocatalyst recovery for a repeated use. This review will discuss methods for cellulase immobilization, morphology of nanostructured supports, multienzyme systems as well as factors influencing the enzyme activity to achieve the highest conversion of cellulosic biowaste into fermentable sugars. We believe this review will allow for an enhanced understanding of such nanobiocatalysts and processes, allowing for the best solutions to major problems of sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St., 170026 Tver, Russia
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Araújo R, González-González RB, Martinez-Ruiz M, Coronado-Apodaca KG, Reyes-Pardo H, Morreeuw ZP, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, Sosa-Hernández JE, Barceló D, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HM. Expanding the Scope of Nanobiocatalysis and Nanosensing: Applications of Nanomaterial Constructs. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32863-32876. [PMID: 36157779 PMCID: PMC9494649 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic interaction between advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology has allowed the development of innovative nanomaterials. Those nanomaterials can conveniently act as supports for enzymes to be employed as nanobiocatalysts and nanosensing constructs. These systems generate a great capacity to improve the biocatalytic potential of enzymes by improving their stability, efficiency, and product yield, as well as facilitating their purification and reuse for various bioprocessing operating cycles. The different specific physicochemical characteristics and the supramolecular nature of the nanocarriers obtained from different economical and abundant sources have allowed the continuous development of functional nanostructures for different industries such as food and agriculture. The remarkable biotechnological potential of nanobiocatalysts and nanosensors has generated applied research and use in different areas such as biofuels, medical diagnosis, medical therapies, environmental bioremediation, and the food industry. The objective of this work is to present the different manufacturing strategies of nanomaterials with various advantages in biocatalysis and nanosensing of various compounds in the industry, providing great benefits to society and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael
G. Araújo
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Reyna Berenice González-González
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martinez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Humberto Reyes-Pardo
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Zoé P. Morreeuw
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department
of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Sustainability
Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, School of Engineering
and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico
de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials
for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Feng XS. Anthocyanins in Different Food Matrices: Recent Updates on Extraction, Purification and Analysis Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-32. [PMID: 36045567 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ANCs), a kind of natural pigments, are widely present in food substrates. Evidence has shown that ANCs can promote health in terms of anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammation. However, the oxidative stability of ANCs limits accurate quantitation and analysis. Therefore, faster, more accurate, and highly sensitive extraction and determination methods are necessary for understanding the role of ANCs in medicine and food. This review presents an updated overview of pretreatment and detection techniques for ANCs in various food substrates since 2015. Liquid-liquid extraction and various green solvent extraction methods, such as accelerated solvents extraction, deep eutectic solvents extraction, ionic liquids extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, are commonly used pretreatment methods for extraction and purification of ANCs. Liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors (tandem mass spectrometry and UV detectors) and spectrophotometry methods are some of the determination methods for ANC. This study has updated, compared, and discussed different pretreatment and analysis methods. Moreover, the advanced methods and development prospects in this field are comprehensively summarized, which can provide references for further utilization of ANCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Velasco-Lozano S, Rocha-Martin J, dos Santos JCS. Editorial: Designing Carrier-Free Immobilized Enzymes for Biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:924743. [PMID: 35814026 PMCID: PMC9257270 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.924743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, CIC BiomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Spain
- *Correspondence: Susana Velasco-Lozano, ; Javier Rocha-Martin, ; José C. S. dos Santos,
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Susana Velasco-Lozano, ; Javier Rocha-Martin, ; José C. S. dos Santos,
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Susana Velasco-Lozano, ; Javier Rocha-Martin, ; José C. S. dos Santos,
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12
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Hojnik Podrepšek G, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. The Synthesis of (Magnetic) Crosslinked Enzyme Aggregates With Laccase, Cellulase, β-Galactosidase and Transglutaminase. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:813919. [PMID: 35309987 PMCID: PMC8927696 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.813919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilized enzymes have important aspects due to the fact that they possess higher stability, have the possibility to be easily removed from the reaction mixture, and are much easier to use when compared to free enzymes. In this research, the enzymes laccase, cellulase, β-galactosidase (β-gal), and transglutaminase (TGM) were immobilized by two different methods: crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) and magnetic crosslinked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs). The processes for CLEAs and mCLEAs preparation with different enzymes have been optimized, where the aim was to achieve the highest possible relative activity of the immobilized enzyme. The optimal conditions of the synthesis of CLEAs in mCLEAs are described, thus emphasizing the difference between the two types of immobilization based on different enzymes. This comparative study, which represents the synthesis of crosslinked enzyme aggregates using different enzymes, has not been performed so far. Moreover, the obtained activity of CLEAs and mCLEAs is presented, which is important for further use in different biocatalytic processes. Specifically, of a higher importance is the selection of enzymes involved in immobilization, as they belong to the three different most applicable enzymes (oxidoreductases, hydrolases, and transferases). The study confirmed that the resulting activity of the immobilized enzyme and the optimization of enzyme immobilization depended on the type of the enzyme. Moreover, the prepared CLEAs and mCLEAs were exposed to the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at different pressures to determine the effect of scCO2 on enzyme activity in immobilized form. Additionally, to demonstrate the reuse and stability of the immobilized enzyme, the stability and reusability tests of CLEAs and mCLEAs were performed. The catalytic performance of immobilized enzyme was tested, where the catalytic efficiency and long-term operational stability of mCLEAs were obviously superior to those of CLEAs. However, the higher activity observed for CLEAs compared to mCLEAs suggests a significant effect of magnetic nanoparticles in the stabilization of an enzyme crosslinked aggregate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Hojnik Podrepšek
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Maja Leitgeb,
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13
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Enzyme Immobilization and Co-Immobilization: Main Framework, Advances and Some Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are outstanding (bio)catalysts, not solely on account of their ability to increase reaction rates by up to several orders of magnitude but also for the high degree of substrate specificity, regiospecificity and stereospecificity. The use and development of enzymes as robust biocatalysts is one of the main challenges in biotechnology. However, despite the high specificities and turnover of enzymes, there are also drawbacks. At the industrial level, these drawbacks are typically overcome by resorting to immobilized enzymes to enhance stability. Immobilization of biocatalysts allows their reuse, increases stability, facilitates process control, eases product recovery, and enhances product yield and quality. This is especially important for expensive enzymes, for those obtained in low fermentation yield and with relatively low activity. This review provides an integrated perspective on (multi)enzyme immobilization that abridges a critical evaluation of immobilization methods and carriers, biocatalyst metrics, impact of key carrier features on biocatalyst performance, trends towards miniaturization and detailed illustrative examples that are representative of biocatalytic applications promoting sustainability.
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14
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LIU H, CHEN W, LI RT. Research on complex enzyme system to extract Hibiscus Sabdariffa L reducing sugar. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.38621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua LIU
- Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, China; University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Wei CHEN
- Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, China
| | - Rui-Ting LI
- Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, China
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15
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Enzyme co-immobilization: Always the biocatalyst designers' choice…or not? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Bhattacharyya R, Mukhopadhyay D, Nagarakshita VK, Bhattacharya S, Das A. Thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant acid pectinase from Aspergillus terreus FP6: purification, characterization and evaluation of its phytopigment extraction potential. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:487. [PMID: 34790511 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study discusses the purification, characterization and application of pectinase from Aspergillus terreus FP6 in fruit pigment extraction. By the four-step purification involving precipitation, dialysis, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, a 20.85-fold purification of the enzyme to homogeneity was achieved. The apparent molecular mass of the pectinase was 47 kDa, as found by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme was recorded at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. The enzyme retained 80.3% and 79.1% residual activity, respectively at pH 6.0 and 50 °C for 90 min. The pectinase was best functional in the presence of toluene and retained its activity for 30 min. Cu2+ and Co2+ acted as enzyme activators, while Ca2+, β-mercaptoethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid proved to be the inhibitors. The K m and V max values of the pectinase with pectin as substrate were 0.002 mM and 27.39 U/mL, respectively thus indicating the high enzyme affinity towards the substrate. After 30-min treatment of the grape skin with the partially purified enzyme, microscopic observation revealed that a short time of the enzymatic treatment resulted in substantial loss of pigment and shrinkage of the grape skin cells thereby highlighting the high efficiency of the pectinase. The current study implies that the A. terreus FP6 pectinase may be applied as a bio-agent in the food and beverage industries and has the potential to replace harmful solvents by promoting a greener approach to extract plant pigments.
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Bhardwaj N, Kumar B, Agrawal K, Verma P. Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 38650192 PMCID: PMC10992179 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Bhardwaj
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Bikash Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Komal Agrawal
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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18
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Reshmy R, Philip E, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Arun KB, Madhavan A, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Varjani S, Szakacs G, Sindhu R. Nanobiocatalysts: Advancements and applications in enzyme technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125491. [PMID: 34320770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts are one of the most promising biomaterials produced by synergistically integrating advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology. These have a lot of potential to improve enzyme stability, function, efficiencyand engineering performance in bioprocessing. Functional nanostructures have been used to create nanobiocatalystsbecause of their specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature. This review covers a wide range of nanobiocatalysts including polymeric, metallic, silica and carbon nanocarriers as well as their recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The enormous potential of nanobiocatalysts in bioprocessing in designing effective laboratory trials forapplications in various fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, and bioremediation is also discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India.
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Castañeda-Valbuena D, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Kamli MR, Tavano O, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Immobilization of papain: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:94-113. [PMID: 34375660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Papain is a cysteine protease from papaya, with many applications due to its broad specificity. This paper reviews for first time the immobilization of papain on different supports (organic, inorganic or hybrid supports) presenting some of the features of the utilized immobilization strategies (e.g., epoxide, glutaraldehyde, genipin, glyoxyl for covalent immobilization). Special focus is placed on the preparation of magnetic biocatalysts, which will permit the simple recovery of the biocatalyst even if the medium is a suspension. Problems specific to the immobilization of proteases (e.g., steric problems when hydrolyzing large proteins) are also defined. The benefits of a proper immobilization (enzyme stabilization, widening of the operation window) are discussed, together with some artifacts that may suggest an enzyme stabilization that may be unrelated to enzyme rigidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Student of Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Daniel Castañeda-Valbuena
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddad 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. ICP-CSIC./Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid. Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External advisory board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Robust and recyclable magnetic nanobiocatalysts for extraction of anthocyanin from black rice. Food Chem 2021; 364:130447. [PMID: 34214946 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, which are natural pigments and nutraceuticals, can be extracted from plant materials using enzyme-assisted methods. However, the enzymes used are often expensive, fragile, and hard to recover/reuse. In this study, cellulase and α-amylase were immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles to prepare a magnetic nanobiocatalyst. The enzymes in this nanobiocatalyst exhibited higher stability and greater catalytic activity than free enzymes, including good thermal stability (50 to 70℃) and pH stability (pH 4.5-7.5). Nanobiocatalyst efficacy was demonstrated by extracting anthocyanins from black rice, with a maximum yield of 266 mg anthocyanin/100 g black rice obtained. After six reuse cycles, cellulase and α-amylase retained around 70% and 64% of their activity, respectively. Immobilization also increased their reusability. In summary, a novel magnetic nanobiocatalyst was developed for extracting anthocyanins from black rice, which may also have other applications within the food industry.
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21
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Azimi SZ, Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F. Continuous clarification of grape juice using a packed bed bioreactor including pectinase enzyme immobilized on glass beads. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, Mousavi SM, Azimi SZ. Continuous Clarification of Barberry Juice with Pectinase Immobilised by Oxidized Polysaccharides. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:174-184. [PMID: 34316278 PMCID: PMC8284111 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.02.21.6976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background Barberry juice is a rich source of bioactive compounds and shows different health properties such as antioxidant and anticancer activities. Clarification, as the removal process of suspended material, is an important step in the production of fruit juice due to its significant effect on the appearance, flavour and commercialisation of juice. Pectinase is the most important enzyme applied in juice clarification that breaks down the pectin polymer structure and reduces the undesirable turbidity. Pectinase immobilisation is a way to overcome free enzyme drawbacks such as instability, high cost, the difficulty of recovery and recyclability. Also, continuous clarification process which is highly preferred in fruit juice industry is not possible without enzyme immobilisation. Experimental approach Pectinase enzymes were immobilised on the functionalised glass beads (glass bead with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) by glutaraldehyde, polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran and the barberry juice was clarified in the batch and continuous processes in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Also, the effect of clarification on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the barberry juice samples was evaluated. Results and conclusions The optimum conditions for clarification in the PBR were: flow rate 0.5 mL/min, temperature 50 °C and treatment time 63 min. Clarification led to a decrease in turbidity, pH, total soluble solid content, viscosity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the juice samples. Also, this process increased the clarity, acidity, reducing sugar concentration and the lightness parameter of the barberry juice. The greatest effect of clarification on the studied properties of barberry juice was related to the pectinase immobilised by the polyaldehyde of kefiran in the continuous process and both new cross-linkers (polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran) immobilised the enzyme better than the common cross-linker (glutaraldehyde). Novelty and scientific contribution For the first time, barberry juice was clarified with pectinase immobilised by polyaldehyde derivatives of pullulan and kefiran and the obtained results showed that the pectinase immobilisation by these new cross-linkers was much more efficient than by the glutaraldehyde as a common cross-linker. These findings can be of use for an industrialised production of fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saeid Hosseini
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Faramarz Khodaiyan
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Azimi
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran
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23
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Del Arco J, Alcántara AR, Fernández-Lafuente R, Fernández-Lucas J. Magnetic micro-macro biocatalysts applied to industrial bioprocesses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124547. [PMID: 33352394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnetic biocatalysts is highly beneficial in bioprocesses technology, as it allows their easy recovering and enhances biocatalyst lifetime. Thus, it simplifies operational processing and increases efficiency, leading to more cost-effective processes. The use of small-size matrices as carriers for enzyme immobilization enables to maximize surface area and catalysts loading, also reducing diffusion limitations. As highly expensive nanoparticles (nm size) usually aggregate, their application at large scale is not recommended. In contrast, the use of magnetic micro-macro (µm-mm size) matrices leads to more homogeneous biocatalysts with null or very low aggregation, which facilitates an easy handling and recovery. The present review aims to highlight recent trends in the application of medium-to-high size magnetic biocatalysts in different areas (biodiesel production, food and pharma industries, protein purification or removal of environmental contaminants). The advantages and disadvantages of these above-mentioned magnetic biocatalysts in bioprocess technology will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Del Arco
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Biomedical Science School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Andrés R Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Biomedical Science School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, Calle Tajo, s/n, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia.
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Zhang S, Bilal M, Zdarta J, Cui J, Kumar A, Franco M, Ferreira LFR, Iqbal HMN. Biopolymers and nanostructured materials to develop pectinases-based immobilized nano-biocatalytic systems for biotechnological applications. Food Res Int 2021; 140:109979. [PMID: 33648214 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pectinases are the emerging enzymes of the biotechnology industry with a 25% share in the worldwide food and beverage enzyme market. These are green and eco-friendly tools of nature and hold a prominent place among the commercially produced enzymes. Pectinases exhibit applications in various industrial bioprocesses, such as clarification of fruit juices and wine, degumming, and retting of plant fibers, extraction of antioxidants and oil, fermentation of tea/coffee, wastewater remediation, modification of pectin-laden agro-industrial waste materials for high-value products biosynthesis, manufacture of cellulose fibres, scouring, bleaching, and size reduction of fabric, cellulosic biomass pretreatment for bioethanol production, etc. Nevertheless, like other enzymes, pectinases also face the challenges of low operational stability, recoverability, and recyclability. To address the above-mentioned problems, enzyme immobilization has become an eminently promising approach to improve their thermal stability and catalytic characteristics. Immobilization facilitates easy recovery and recycling of the biocatalysts multiple times, leading to enhanced performance and commercial feasibility.In this review, we illustrate recent developments on the immobilization of pectinolytic enzymes using polymers and nanostructured materials-based carrier supports to constitute novel biocatalytic systems for industrial exploitability. The first section reviewed the immobilization of pectinases on polymers-based supports (ca-alginate, chitosan, agar-agar, hybrid polymers) as a host matrix to construct robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems. The second half covers nanostructured supports (nano-silica, magnetic nanostructures, hybrid nanoflowers, dual-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, montmorillonite clay), and cross-linked enzyme aggregates for enzyme immobilization. The biotechnological applications of the resulted immobilized robust pectinases-based biocatalytic systems are also meticulously vetted. Finally, the concluding remarks and future recommendations are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, China.
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jiandong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No 29, 13th, Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 234, India
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, 45654-370 Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; Institute of Technology and Research, Murilo Dantas Avenue, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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25
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Enzymatic clarification of orange juice in continuous bed reactors: Fluidized-bed versus packed-bed reactor. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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One pot clarification and debittering of grapefruit juice using co-immobilized enzymes@chitosanMNPs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1297-1307. [PMID: 33202276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, enzymes pectinase and naringinase were simultaneously co-immobilized on an eco-friendly chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles (chitosanMNPs) by cross-linking using chitosan as a macro-molecular cross-linker. The maximum activity recovery of both enzymes in the co-immobilized form was obtained at chitosanMNPs to enzymes ratio of 1:3, 3% cross-linker concentration and 150 min cross-linking time. The synthesized MNPs before and after co-immobilization were characterized using different techniques. The prepared biocatalyst was found spherical with an average size below 200 nm and showed supermagnetic property with saturation magnetization of 38.28 emu/g. The optimum pH and temperature of both enzymes in co-immobilized form was found at 5.5 and 65 °C. The prepared biocatalyst exhibited an improved thermal stability with 1.8-fold increase in the half-life. The secondary structural analysis revealed that, prepared co-immobilized biocatalyst undergone changes in the conformational and structural rigidity due to macro-molecular cross-linker. The co-immobilized biocatalysts were evaluated for one pot clarification and debittering of grapefruit juice and found ~52% reduction in turbidity and ~85% reduction in the naringin content. The co-immobilized enzymes were recycled up to 7th cycle and can be easily stored at room temperature for 30 days retaining up to 64% and 86% residual activities respectively.
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27
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An efficient decolorization of methyl orange dye by laccase from Marasmiellus palmivorus immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic particles. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Greener production of low methoxyl pectin via recyclable enzymatic de-esterification using pectin methylesterase cross-linked enzyme aggregates captured from citrus peels. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Nadar SS, Patil PD, Rohra NM. Magnetic nanobiocatalyst for extraction of bioactive ingredients: A novel approach. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Taheri-Kafrani A, Kharazmi S, Nasrollahzadeh M, Soozanipour A, Ejeian F, Etedali P, Mansouri-Tehrani HA, Razmjou A, Yek SMG, Varma RS. Recent developments in enzyme immobilization technology for high-throughput processing in food industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3160-3196. [PMID: 32715740 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The demand for food and beverage markets has increased as a result of population increase and in view of health awareness. The quality of products from food processing industry has to be improved economically by incorporating greener methodologies that enhances the safety and shelf life via the enzymes application while maintaining the essential nutritional qualities. The utilization of enzymes is rendered more favorable in industrial practices via the modification of their characteristics as attested by studies on enzyme immobilization pertaining to different stages of food and beverage processing; these studies have enhanced the catalytic activity, stability of enzymes and lowered the overall cost. However, the harsh conditions of industrial processes continue to increase the propensity of enzyme destabilization thus shortening their industrial lifespan namely enzyme leaching, recoverability, uncontrollable orientation and the lack of a general procedure. Innovative studies have strived to provide new tools and materials for the development of systems offering new possibilities for industrial applications of enzymes. Herein, an effort has been made to present up-to-date developments on enzyme immobilization and current challenges in the food and beverage industries in terms of enhancing the enzyme stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Kharazmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Asieh Soozanipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Etedali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mahmoudi-Gom Yek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Deng X, He T, Li J, Duan HL, Zhang ZQ. Enhanced biochemical characteristics of β-glucosidase via adsorption and cross-linked enzyme aggregate for rapid cellobiose hydrolysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2209-2217. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Oktay B, Demir S, Kayaman-Apohan N. Immobilization of pectinase on polyethyleneimine based support via spontaneous amino-yne click reaction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kharazmi S, Taheri-Kafrani A, Soozanipour A. Efficient immobilization of pectinase on trichlorotriazine-functionalized polyethylene glycol-grafted magnetic nanoparticles: A stable and robust nanobiocatalyst for fruit juice clarification. Food Chem 2020; 325:126890. [PMID: 32387928 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing an effective strategy to economically exploitation of pectinase, as one of the most widely used enzymes in food industry, is of utmost importance. Herein, pectinase was covalently immobilized onto polyethylene glycol grafted magnetic nanoparticles via trichlorotriazine with high loading efficiency. The generated immobilized pectinase showed enhanced catalytic activity, improved operational stability, and easily reusability. Thermal and pH stabilities studies showed improved performance of immobilized pectinase especially at extreme points. Compared to free enzyme, the noticeably lower Km and higher vmax values of immobilized pectinase demonstrated the enhanced catalytic activity of this enzyme after immobilization. Besides, the immobilized enzyme exhibited excellent reusability and stability by retaining up to 55 and 94% of its initial activity after 10 recycles and 125 days storage at 25 °C, respectively. Moreover, turbidity reduction occurred up to 59% in treated pineapple juice with immobilized pectinase, suggesting applicability of this system in juice and food-processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kharazmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Asghar Taheri-Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Asieh Soozanipour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
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34
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Gupta MN, Perwez M, Sardar M. Protein crosslinking: Uses in chemistry, biology and biotechnology. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1733990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Perwez
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Meryam Sardar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Dal Magro L, Kornecki JF, Klein MP, Rodrigues RC, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Pectin lyase immobilization using the glutaraldehyde chemistry increases the enzyme operation range. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 132:109397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Hojnik Podrepšek G, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Activation of cellulase cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) in scCO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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37
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Perwez M, Ahmed Mazumder J, Sardar M. Preparation and characterization of reusable magnetic combi-CLEA of cellulase and hemicellulase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Molecular Characterization of a Novel Cold-Active Hormone-Sensitive Lipase ( HaHSL) from Halocynthiibacter Arcticus. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110704. [PMID: 31694309 PMCID: PMC6921082 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial hormone-sensitive lipases (bHSLs), which are homologous to the catalytic domains of human HSLs, have received great interest due to their uses in the preparation of highly valuable biochemicals, such as drug intermediates or chiral building blocks. Here, a novel cold-active HSL from Halocynthiibacter arcticus (HaHSL) was examined and its enzymatic properties were investigated using several biochemical and biophysical methods. Interestingly, HaHSL acted on a large variety of substrates including tertiary alcohol esters and fish oils. Additionally, this enzyme was highly tolerant to high concentrations of salt, detergents, and glycerol. Furthermore, immobilized HaHSL retained its activity for up to six cycles of use. Homology modeling suggested that aromatic amino acids (Trp23, Tyr74, Phe78, Trp83, and Phe245) in close proximity to the substrate-binding pocket were important for enzyme activity. Mutational analysis revealed that Tyr74 played an important role in substrate specificity, thermostability, and enantioselectivity. In summary, the current study provides an invaluable insight into the novel cold-active HaHSL from H. arcticus, which can be efficiently and sustainably used in a wide range of biotechnological applications.
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Wang Y, Le LTHL, Yoo W, Lee CW, Kim KK, Lee JH, Kim TD. Characterization, immobilization, and mutagenesis of a novel cold-active acetylesterase (EaAcE) from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1042-1051. [PMID: 31229546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cold-active enzymes with distinctive properties from a psychrophilic Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 could be excellent biocatalysts in industrial and biotechnological processes. Here, the characterization, immobilization, and site-directed mutagenesis of a novel cold-active acetylesterase (EaAcE) from E. antarcticum B7 is reported. EaAcE does not belong to any currently known lipase/esterase family, although there are some sequence similarities with family III and V members. Biochemical characterization of EaAcE was carried out using activity staining, mass spectrometry analysis, circular dichroism spectra, freeze-thaw experiments, kinetic analysis, acetic acid release assays, and enantioselectivity determination. Furthermore, immobilization of EaAcE using four different approaches was explored to enhance its thermal stability and recyclability. Based on a homology model of EaAcE, four mutations (F45A, S118A, S141A, and T216A) within the substrate-binding pocket were investigated to elucidate their roles in EaAcE catalysis and substrate specificity. This work has provided invaluable information on the properties of EaAcE, which can now be used to understand the acetylesterase enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Huong Luu Le
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology (UST), Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Doohun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea.
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Dal Magro L, de Moura KS, Backes BE, de Menezes EW, Benvenutti EV, Nicolodi S, Klein MP, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Immobilization of pectinase on chitosan-magnetic particles: Influence of particle preparation protocol on enzyme properties for fruit juice clarification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00373. [PMID: 31516853 PMCID: PMC6728273 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic-chitosan particles were prepared following three different protocols enabling the preparation of particles with different sizes - nano (Nano-CMag, Micro (Micro-CMag) and Macro (Macro-CMag) - and used for pectinase immobilization and clarification of grape, apple and orange juices. The particle size had a great effect in the kinetic parameters, Nano-CMag biocatalyst presented the highest Vmax value (78.95 mg. min-1), followed by Micro-CMag and Macro-CMag, with Vmax of 57.20 mg.min-1 and 46.03 mg.min-1, respectively. However, the highest thermal stability was achieved using Macro-CMag, that was 8 and 3-times more stable than Nano-CMag and Micro-CMag biocatalysts, respectively. Pectinase immobilized on Macro-CMag kept 85% of its initial activity after 25 batch cycles in orange juice clarification. These results suggested that the chitosan magnetic biocatalysts presented great potential application as clarifying catalysts for the fruit juice industry and the great importance of the chitosan particles preparation on the final biocatalyst properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dal Magro
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, ZC 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kelly Silva de Moura
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Betina Elys Backes
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana Weber de Menezes
- Laboratory of Solids and Surfaces, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, P.O. Box 15003, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edilson Valmir Benvenutti
- Laboratory of Solids and Surfaces, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, P.O. Box 15003, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nicolodi
- Magnetism Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, P.O. Box 15051, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manuela P. Klein
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), ZC 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Department of Biocatalysis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, ZC 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess and Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, ZC 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Corresponding authors.
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41
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Bio-Catalysis and Biomedical Perspectives of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Versatile Carriers. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry5030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained increasing attention as versatile carriers because of their unique magnetic properties, biocatalytic functionalities, and capabilities to work at the cellular and molecular level of biological interactions. Moreover, owing to their exceptional functional properties, such as large surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, and mobility and high mass transference, MNPs have been employed in several applications in different sectors such as supporting matrices for enzymes immobilization and controlled release of drugs in biomedicine. Unlike non-magnetic carriers, MNPs can be easily separated and recovered using an external magnetic field. In addition to their biocompatible microenvironment, the application of MNPs represents a remarkable green chemistry approach. Herein, we focused on state-of-the-art two majorly studied perspectives of MNPs as versatile carriers for (1) matrices for enzymes immobilization, and (2) matrices for controlled drug delivery. Specifically, from the applied perspectives of magnetic nanoparticles, a series of different applications with suitable examples are discussed in detail. The second half is focused on different metal-based magnetic nanoparticles and their exploitation for biomedical purposes.
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42
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Andrades DD, Graebin NG, Ayub MA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Physico-chemical properties, kinetic parameters, and glucose inhibition of several beta-glucosidases for industrial applications. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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A tri-enzyme co-immobilized magnetic complex: Process details, kinetics, thermodynamics and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1781-1795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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