1
|
Xie T, Zhou L, Han L, You C, Liu Z, Cui W, Cheng Z, Guo J, Zhou Z. Engineering hyperthermophilic pullulanase to efficiently utilize corn starch for production of maltooligosaccharides and glucose. Food Chem 2024; 446:138652. [PMID: 38402758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pullulanase is a starch-debranching enzyme that hydrolyzes side chain of starch, oligosaccharides and pullulan. Nevertheless, the limited activities of pullulanases constrain their practical application. Herein, the hyperthermophilic type II pullulanase from Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1 (PulPY2) was evolved by synergistically engineering the substrate-binding pocket and active-site lids. The resulting mutant PulPY2-M2 exhibited 5-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) compared to that of PulPY2. PulPY2-M2 was utilized to develop a one-pot reaction system for efficient production of maltooligosaccharides. The maltooligosaccharides conversion rate of PulPY2-M2 reached 96.1%, which was increased by 5.4% compared to that of PulPY2. Furthermore, when employed for glucose production, the glucose productivity of PulPY2-M2 was 25.4% and 43.5% higher than that of PulPY2 and the traditional method, respectively. These significant improvements in maltooligosaccharides and glucose production and the efficient utilization of corn starch demonstrated the potential of the engineered PulPY2-M2 in starch sugar industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Laichuang Han
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping You
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaib I, Dakhmouche-Djekrif S, Bennamoun L, Nouadri T. Extracellular enzymes producing yeasts study: cost-effective production of α-amylase by a newly isolated thermophilic yeast Geotrichum candidum PO27. AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:83-106. [PMID: 38525043 PMCID: PMC10955176 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are biocatalysts mainly used for their industrial potential in various applications. The present study aims to understand the enzyme production for biotechnological interest from a local yeast strain. From 100 isolates obtained from various biotopes, 78 strains were selected for their enzymatic heritage. Screening of α-amylase, lipase/esterase, and cellulase activities by rapid plate detection methods was carried out and the PO27 yeast was selected for its high capacity to produce α-amylase. In addition, this yeast strain exhibited good lipolytic and esterolytic activities, as well as low cellulase activity. A sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S ribosomal RNA (26S rRNA) and a study of morphological characteristics identified the PO27 strain as Geotrichum candidum. The production of α-amylase has been studied in solid medium fermentation using various natural substrates without any supplementation such as olive pomace, potato peels, leftover bread, and mastic cake. G. candidum PO27 showed an improved production of α-amylase with olive pomace, thus reaching approximately 180.71 U/g. To evaluate the ability of this isolate to produce α-amylase in submerged fermentation, multiple concentrations of olive pomace substrate were tested. The best activity of submerged fermentation was statistically compared to the solid-state fermentation result in order to select the appropriate fermentation type. A high significant difference was found to rank the 6% olive pomace medium as the best substrate concentration with 34.395 U/mL of α-amylase activity. This work showed that the new isolate Geotrichum candidum PO27 has a better potential to produce α-amylase at a low cost in solid-state fermentation compared to submerged fermentation. Optimization conditions for PO27 α-amylase production through solid-state fermentation were achieved using a one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. The findings revealed that a high temperature (60 °C), an acidic pH, malt extract, and soluble starch were the highly significant medium components for enhancing α-amylase production. The use of olive pomace waste by Geotrichum candidum PO27 is expected to be effective in producing an industrially useful α-amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Chaib
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Scheherazed Dakhmouche-Djekrif
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
- Department of Natural Sciences, Teachers Training School El Katiba Assia Djebar, University town Ali Mendjeli, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Leila Bennamoun
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Tahar Nouadri
- Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Frères Mentouri University Constantine 1, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muniasamy R, Rathnasaamy S. Sustainable production and preparative purification of thermostable alkaline α-amylase by Bacillus simplex (ON754233) employing natural deep eutectic solvent-based extractive fermentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:481. [PMID: 38177253 PMCID: PMC10766970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Using PEG-based deep eutectic solvents (PDES), the current study proposes extractive fermentation as a sustainable process integration for the production and purification of α-amylase from Bacillus simplex (ON754233). Glucose: PEG 400 outperformed five PDES in terms of tie lie length (58) and slope value (1.23) against sodium sulphatt. Apple cider pomace was used as a low-cost, sustainable carbon source to produce-amylase, with a maximum enzyme production of 2200.13 U/mL. PDES concentration (20% w/v), salt (12.75 w/v), and apple waste (2.75 g/mL) were all optimized using response surface methodology. When scaled upto 3 L benchtop bioreactor, extractive fermentation was proved to be better technology with maximum recovery of 92.4% with highest partition coefficient (3.59). The partially purified enzyme was further purified using a Sephadex G 100 followed by DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange chromatography with a purity fold of 33. The enzyme was found to be thermostable at the temperature (60 °C), remains alkaline (pH 8), and the activity was stimulated in the presence of Mg2+ ions. With SDS PAGE electrophoresis, the molecular weight was found to be around 140 kDa. Finally, the enzyme kinetics parameters were evaluated with observed Km (0.00396 mM) and Vmax (37.87 U/mL). Thus scaling up extractive fermentation entails increasing production capacity with improved extraction efficiency using green solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Muniasamy
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Rathnasaamy
- Green Separation Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to Be University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Slavić MŠ, Kojić M, Margetić A, Stanisavljević N, Gardijan L, Božić N, Vujčić Z. Highly stable and versatile α-amylase from Anoxybacillus vranjensis ST4 suitable for various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126055. [PMID: 37524287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase from the thermophilic bacterial strain Anoxybacillus vranjensis ST4 (AVA) was cloned into the pMALc5HisEk expression vector and successfully expressed and purified from the Escherichia coli ER2523 host strain. AVA belongs to the GH13_5 subfamily of glycoside hydrolases and has 7 conserved sequence regions (CSRs) distributed in three distinct domains (A, B, C). In addition, there is a starch binding domain (SBD) from the CBM20 family of carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). AVA is a monomer of 66 kDa that achieves maximum activity at 60-80 °C and is active and stable over a wide pH range (4.0-9.0). AVA retained 50 % of its activity after 31 h of incubation at 60 °C and was resistant to a large number of denaturing agents. It hydrolyzed starch granules very efficiently, releasing maltose, maltotriose and maltopentaose as the main products. The hydrolysis rates of raw corn, wheat, horseradish, and potato starch, at a concentration of 10 %, were 87.8, 85.9, 93.0, and 58 %, respectively, at pH 8.5 over a 3 h period. This study showed that the high level of expression as well as the properties of this highly stable and versatile enzyme show all the prerequisites for successful application in industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Šokarda Slavić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Republic of Serbia; University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Margetić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljević
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Lazar Gardijan
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nataša Božić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Department of Chemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bharwad K, Shekh S, Singh NK, Patel A, Joshi C. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of novel multifunctional thermostable α-amylase from hot-spring metagenome. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124810. [PMID: 37182622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hot-springs are regarded as the best source of industrially significant biocules and one of the unique locations for extremophiles. The α-amylase is one of the most important enzymes used in starch consuming industries, where the need of thermostability is paramount. In this study, the full metagenome sequences obtained from the soil of Tuwa hot-spring (Gujarat, India) were examined for the presence of several thermostable enzymes using bioinformatic techniques. The whole gene sequence for α-amylase was found from the metagenome. The α-amylase gene was amplified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli and further characterized in vitro. The rm-α-amylase was found optimally active at 60 °C and at pH 6.0 and showed significantly high activity in 0.1 mM Co2+ as well as in other heavy metal ions without any effect on its thermostability. Apart from α-amylase activity the purified rm-α-amylase was also shown to hydrolyse agar, xylan, pectin, alginate and cellulose. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a new, multifunctional, thermostable amylase that was discovered from the hot-spring metagenomes. Owing to their multifunctionality, resilience towards high temperature and heavy metal ions, stability with solvents, additives and inhibitors, rm-α-amylase can be exploited for a variety of biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Bharwad
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Satyamitra Shekh
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | | | - Amrutlal Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India
| | - Chaitanya Joshi
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382011, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Z, Kong H, Li Z, Gu Z, Ban X, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Designing liquefaction and saccharification processes of highly concentrated starch slurry: Challenges and recent advances. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1597-1612. [PMID: 36789798 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Starch-based sugars are an important group of starch derivatives used in food, medicine, chemistry, and other fields. The production of starch sugars involves starch liquefaction and saccharification processes. The production cost of starch sugars can be reduced by increasing the initial concentration of starch slurry. However, the usage of the highly concentrated starch slurry is characterized by challenges such as low reaction efficiency and poor product performance during the liquefaction and saccharification processes. In this study, we endeavored to provide a reference guide for improving high-concentration starch sugar production. Thus, we reviewed the effects of substrate concentration on the starch sugar production process and summarized several potential strategies. These regulation strategies, such as physical field pretreatment, complex enzyme-assisted, and temperature control, can significantly increase the starch concentration and mitigate the challenges of using highly concentrated starch slurry. We believe that highly concentrated starch sugar production will achieve a qualitative leap in the future. This review provides theoretical guidance and highlights the importance of high concentration in starch-based sugar production. Further studies are needed to explore the fine structure and enzyme attack mode during the liquefaction and saccharification processes to regulate the production of more targeted products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haocun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking studies of hybrid 4-quinolinyl bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine as a new inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
8
|
Cakmak U, Tuncay FO, Kolcuoğlu Y. Cold active α-amylase obtained from Cladophora hutchinsiae-Purification, biochemical characterization and some potential applications. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Yin X, Gong W, Zhan Z, Wei W, Li M, Jiao J, Chen B, Liu L, Li W, Gao Z. Mining and engineering of valine dehydrogenases from a hot spring sediment metagenome for the synthesis of chiral non-natural L-amino acids. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Bamigboye CO, Okonji RE, Oluremi IO, James V. Stain removing, juice-clarifying, and starch-liquefying potentials of amylase from Pleurotus tuberregium in submerged fermentation system. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:23. [PMID: 35142943 PMCID: PMC8831669 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Amylase is used commercially in food, textiles, sugar syrup, paper, and detergent industries. Bacteria and fungi remain a significant source of industrial enzymes. Pleurotus tuberregium is a macro-fungi that can exist as a fruiting body, sclerotium, mycelium, and spores. Some studies have been conducted on this fungus, with minimal studies on its enzyme activity (s) using the submerged fermentation technique. Results The purified amylase has a specific activity of 5.26 U/mg, total activity of 189.20 U, maximally active at 70 °C, pH of 5, and retaining 100% of its activity at 30 oC for 4 min. P. tuberregium amylase showed optimal activity with plantain peel, followed by starch and pineapple peel (42, 30, and 29 μg/mL/min respectively). The presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ ions in the reaction mixture activated the enzyme activity, but was slightly and moderately inhibited by KCl and Na2H2PO4 respectively. The crude enzyme effectively clarified juice, liquefied soluble cassava starch (with a release of appreciable glucose quantity), and partially de-stained white fabric. Conclusions The amylase obtained from the submerged fermentation of Pleurotus tuberregium has potential applications in food and detergent industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Comfort Olukemi Bamigboye
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria.
| | - Raphael E Okonji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Iyanu Oluwalonimi Oluremi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria
| | - Victoria James
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, P.M.B. 4000, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mathan Kumar R, Jani K, Parvathi JR, Thomas BM, Raja SSS, Pandey A, Sharma A. Bacterial diversity of geochemically distinct hot springs located in Maharashtra, India. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:110. [PMID: 34978617 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial diversity of four thermally different hot springs of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra, India, was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. A total of 144 bacterial cultures were isolated and identified using MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Culture-independent analysis by Ion Torrent sequencing targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the predominance of Firmicutes across all the hot springs, followed by Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Armatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, Acidobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus, with subtle differences in their abundance. At the lower taxonomic rank of genus, we noted the prevalence of Acinetobacter followed by Clostridium, Planomicrobium, Bacillus, Streptomyces, and Leptolyngbya. Metagenomics imputation using in silico approach revealed divergence in the metabolic capabilities of bacterial communities along the thermal gradient of host springs, with site TS (63 °C) featuring the abundant functional gene families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mathan Kumar
- Government College of Arts and Science, Kurumbalur, Perambalur, (Formerly, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur), Kurumbalur, Tamil Nadu, 621212, India
| | - Kunal Jani
- DBT-National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - J R Parvathi
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy (SIRAC), Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, 400077, India
| | - Becky M Thomas
- Somaiya Institute for Research and Consultancy (SIRAC), Somaiya Vidyavihar University, Mumbai, 400077, India.,CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Pune, 412112, India
| | - Suresh S S Raja
- Government College of Arts and Science, Kurumbalur, Perambalur, (Formerly, Bharathidasan University Constituent College, Perambalur), Kurumbalur, Tamil Nadu, 621212, India
| | - Anita Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehra Dun, 248002, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- DBT-National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kherouf M, Habbeche A, Benamia F, Saoudi B, Kerouaz B, Ladjama A. Statistical optimization of a novel extracellular alkaline and thermostable amylase production from thermophilic Actinomadura keratinilytica sp. Cpt29 and its potential application in detergent industry. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Lim SJ, Oslan SN. Native to designed: microbial -amylases for industrial applications. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11315. [PMID: 34046253 PMCID: PMC8139272 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background -amylases catalyze the endo-hydrolysis of -1,4-D-glycosidic bonds in starch into smaller moieties. While industrial processes are usually performed at harsh conditions, -amylases from mainly the bacteria, fungi and yeasts are preferred for their stabilities (thermal, pH and oxidative) and specificities (substrate and product). Microbial -amylases can be purified and characterized for industrial applications. While exploring novel enzymes with these properties in the nature is time-costly, the advancements in protein engineering techniques including rational design, directed evolution and others have privileged their modifications to exhibit industrially ideal traits. However, the commentary on the strategies and preferably mutated residues are lacking, hindering the design of new mutants especially for enhanced substrate specificity and oxidative stability. Thus, our review ensures wider accessibility of the previously reported experimental findings to facilitate the future engineering work. Survey methodology and objectives A traditional review approach was taken to focus on the engineering of microbial -amylases to enhance industrially favoured characteristics. The action mechanisms of - and -amylases were compared to avoid any bias in the research background. This review aimed to discuss the advances in modifying microbial -amylases via protein engineering to achieve longer half-life in high temperature, improved resistance (acidic, alkaline and oxidative) and enhanced specificities (substrate and product). Captivating results were discussed in depth, including the extended half-life at 100C, pH 3.5 and 10, 1.8 M hydrogen peroxide as well as enhanced substrate (65.3%) and product (42.4%) specificities. These shed light to the future microbial -amylase engineering in achieving paramount biochemical traits ameliorations to apt in the industries. Conclusions Microbial -amylases can be tailored for specific industrial applications through protein engineering (rational design and directed evolution). While the critical mutation points are dependent on respective enzymes, formation of disulfide bridge between cysteine residues after mutations is crucial for elevated thermostability. Amino acids conversion to basic residues was reported for enhanced acidic resistance while hydrophobic interaction resulted from mutated hydrophobic residues in carbohydrate-binding module or surface-binding sites is pivotal for improved substrate specificity. Substitution of oxidation-prone methionine residues with non-polar residues increases the enzyme oxidative stability. Hence, this review provides conceptual advances for the future microbial -amylases designs to exhibit industrially significant characteristics. However, more attention is needed to enhance substrate specificity and oxidative stability since they are least reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balakrishnan M, Jeevarathinam G, Kumar SKS, Muniraj I, Uthandi S. Optimization and scale-up of α-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae using solid-state fermentation of edible oil cakes. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33947396 PMCID: PMC8094467 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amylases produced by fungi during solid-state fermentation are the most widely used commercial enzymes to meet the ever-increasing demands of the global enzyme market. The use of low-cost substrates to curtail the production cost and reuse solid wastes are seen as viable options for the commercial production of many enzymes. Applications of α-amylases in food, feed, and industrial sectors have increased over the years. Additionally, the demand for processed and ready-to-eat food has increased because of the rapid growth of food-processing industries in developing economies. These factors significantly contribute to the global enzyme market. It is estimated that by the end of 2024, the global α-amylase market would reach USD 320.1 million (Grand View Research Inc., 2016). We produced α-amylase using Aspergillus oryzae and low-cost substrates obtained from edible oil cake, such as groundnut oil cake (GOC), coconut oil cake (COC), sesame oil cake (SOC) by solid-state fermentation. We cultivated the fungus using these nutrient-rich substrates to produce the enzyme. The enzyme was extracted, partially purified, and tested for pH and temperature stability. The effect of pH, incubation period and temperature on α-amylase production using A. oryzae was optimized. Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and determine the effects of all process parameters on α-amylase production. The overall cost economics of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter was also studied. Results The substrate optimization for α-amylase production by the Box–Behnken design of RSM showed GOC as the most suitable substrate for A. oryzae, as evident from its maximum α-amylase production of 9868.12 U/gds. Further optimization of process parameters showed that the initial moisture content of 64%, pH of 4.5, incubation period of 108 h, and temperature of 32.5 °C are optimum conditions for α-amylase production. The production increased by 11.4% (10,994.74 U/gds) by up-scaling and using optimized conditions in a pilot-scale fermenter. The partially purified α-amylase exhibited maximum stability at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 55 °C. The overall cost economic studies showed that the partially purified α-amylase could be produced at the rate of Rs. 622/L. Conclusions The process parameters for enhanced α-amylase secretion were analyzed using 3D contour plots by RSM, which showed that contour lines were more oriented toward incubation temperature and pH, having a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the α-amylase activity. The optimized parameters were subsequently employed in a 600 L-pilot-scale fermenter for the α-amylase production. The substrates were rich in nutrients, and supplementation of nutrients was not required. Thus, we have suggested an economically viable process of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Balakrishnan
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
| | - G Jeevarathinam
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - S Kiran Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Iniyakumar Muniraj
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baykara SG, Sürmeli Y, Şanlı-Mohamed G. Purification and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Serine Protease from Geobacillus sp. GS53. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1574-1584. [PMID: 33507494 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteases account for approximately 60% of the enzyme market in the world, and they are used in various industrial applications including the detergent industry. In this study, production and characterization of a novel serine protease of thermophilic Geobacillus sp. GS53 from Balçova geothermal region, İzmir, Turkey, were performed. The thermostable protease was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography. The results showed that the protease had 137.8 U mg-1 of specific activity and optimally worked at 55 oC and pH 8. It was also active in a broad pH (4-10) and temperature (25-75 °C) ranges. The protease was highly stable at 85 °C and demonstrated relative stability at pH 4, 7, and 10. Also, the enzyme had high stability against organic solvents and surfactants; enzyme relative activity did not decrease below 81% upon preincubation for 10 min. Ca2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions slightly induced protease activity. The protease was highly specific to casein, skim milk, Hammerstein casein, and BSA substrates. These results revealed that the protease might have a potential effect in a variety of industrial fields, especially the detergent industry, because of its high thermostability and stability to surfactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seden Güracar Baykara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430, İzmir, Turkey. .,Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430, İzmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soy S, Nigam VK, Sharma SR. Enhanced production and biochemical characterization of a thermostable amylase from thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus icigianus BITSNS038. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.2002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snehi Soy
- Department of Bio-Engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nigam
- Department of Bio-Engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubha Rani Sharma
- Department of Bio-Engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A novel metagenome-derived thermostable and poultry feed compatible α-amylase with enhanced biodegradation properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2124-2133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
Production, purification and applications of raw starch degrading and calcium-independent α-amylase from soil rich in extremophile. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:873-881. [PMID: 32565305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium independent, raw starch hydrolyzing, acidic α-amylase (66 kDa) was synthesized by Bacillus subtilis S113 that is an aerobic, rod-shaped and Gram +ve bacteria. Purification of the enzyme was performed by HiTrap Capto Q (Ion-exchange chromatography; 19.28 fold; 22.41% yield). The purified enzyme was found stable at broad acidic pH (4-6.5) and high-temperature range (40-80 °C), that fulfilled the necessary criteria and laid the foundation to be utilized in starch saccharification industry. Kinetic studies of the enzyme revealed that Km and Vmax of the enzyme was 0.22% and 357.14 U/mg respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the enzyme was capable of completely hydrolyzing raw wheat and potato starch, further confirming its role in the starch industry. It was found that only 7.93% of the activity was loss at 4 °C when kept for one year.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fincan SA, Özdemir S, Karakaya A, Enez B, Mustafov SD, Ulutaş MS, Şen F. Purification and characterization of thermostable α-amylase produced from Bacillus licheniformis So-B3 and its potential in hydrolyzing raw starch. Life Sci 2020; 264:118639. [PMID: 33141041 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This work was achieved to obtain the optimum culture conditions of the thermostable alpha-amylase produced by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3. Furthermore, the α-amylase was purified and then characterized, and also its kinetic parameters were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new thermotolerant bacteria called Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3 employed in this work was isolated from a sample of thermal spring mud in Şırnak (Meyremderesi). Several parameters such as the impact of temperature, time, and pH on enzyme production were examined. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed to analyze the end-products of soluble starch hydrolysis, and the utilization of purified α-amylase in the clarification of unripe apple juices was studied. KEY FINDINGS The highest enzyme production conditions were determined as 35 °C, 36th hour, and pH 7.0. Thermostable α-amylase was purified by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and dialysis, with a 51-purification fold and 30% yield recovery. The Km and Vmax values for this enzyme were 0.004 mM and 3.07 μmol min-1 at 70 °C, respectively. The α-amylase's molecular weight was found as 74 kDa. In addition, α-amylase showed a good degradation rate for raw starch. SIGNIFICANCE It was hypothesized that Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3 could be used as an α-amylase source. These findings displayed that purified enzyme could be utilized in fruit juice industries for clarification of apple juice and raw starch hydrolyzing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sema Agüloğlu Fincan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Adem Karakaya
- Biology Department, Arts and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Barış Enez
- Veterinary Health Department, Technical Science Vocational School, Bingöl University, 12000 Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Sibel Demiroğlu Mustafov
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sefa Ulutaş
- Biology Department, Arts and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Burhanoğlu T, Sürmeli Y, Şanlı-Mohamed G. Identification and characterization of novel thermostable α-amylase from Geobacillus sp. GS33. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:578-585. [PMID: 32693140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a thermostable α-amylase from Geobacillus sp. GS33 was investigated. The recombinant α-amylase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (λDE) and purified via anion exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified α-amylase had a molecular weight of about 60 kDa, and was active in a broad range of pH 3-10 and temperature (40-90 °C) with maximum activity at pH 7-8 and 60 °C. The enzyme retained 50% residual activity at 65 °C, but only 20% at 85 °C after 16 h. At pH 9 and pH 7, the residual activity at 65 °C was 50% and 30%, respectively. The enzyme was remarkably activated by Co2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, PMSF, DTT, and Triton X-100, but partially inhibited by Cu2+, methanol, hexane, ethanol, acetone, SDS, and Tween 20. A molecular phylogeny analysis showed that the enzyme's amino acid sequence had the closest connection with an α-amylase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans subsp. stromboliensis nov. 3D-structure-based amino acid sequence alignments revealed that the three catalytic residues (D217, E246, D314) and the four Ca2+ ion coordination residues (N143, E177, D186, H221) were conserved in α-amylase from Geobacillus sp. GS33. The temperature stability and neutral pH optimum suggest that the enzyme may be useful for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tülin Burhanoğlu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 İzmir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 İzmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nwagu TN, Aoyagi H, Okolo B, Moneke A, Yoshida S. Citraconylation and maleylation on the catalytic and thermodynamic properties of raw starch saccharifying amylase from Aspergillus carbonarius. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04351. [PMID: 32671262 PMCID: PMC7339066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase capable of raw starch digestion presents a cheap and easier means of reducing sugar generation from various starch sources. Unfortunately, its potential for use in numerous industrial processes is hindered by poor stability. In this work, chemical modification by acylation using citraconic anhydride (CA) and maleic anhydride (MA) was used to stabilize the raw starch saccharifying amylase from A. carbonarius. The effect of the anhydrides on the pH and thermal stability of the free amylase was investigated. Enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic studies of the free and modified amylase were also carried out. Blue shifts in fluorescent spectra were observed after modification with both anhydrides. Citraconylation led to increased affinity of the enzyme for raw potato starch, unlike maleylation. The activation energy (kJ mol−1) for enzyme inactivation was increased by 94.8% after modification with CA while only 17.9% increase was noted after modification with MA. Acylation led to an increase in Gibb's free energy and enthalpy while a reduction in entropy was observed. At 80 °C the half-life (h) was 5.92, 11.18 and 14.74 for free, MA and CA enzyme samples, respectively. These findings have potential value in all industries interested in starch conversion to sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Hideki Aoyagi
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bartholomew Okolo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anene Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
In Silico Study and Optimization of Bacillus megaterium alpha-Amylases Production Obtained from Honey Sources. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2593-2601. [PMID: 32424606 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen alpha-amylase producing microorganisms from honey as a low water activity medium, a suitable source for selecting stable and cost-beneficial bacterial enzyme production systems. Plackett-Burman method was used to select twelve effective factors including pH, inoculum size, temperature, time, corn starch, KH2PO4, peptone, MgSO4, CaCl2, NaCl, glycerin, and yeast extract concentrations on bacterial alpha-amylases production yield. The Box-Behnken method was utilized to optimize the level of selected significant factors. The stability of bacterial alpha-amylases was also determined in low pH and high-temperature conditions. In addition, in silico study was used to create the alpha-amylase structure and study the stability in high-temperature and low water available condition. Among all isolated and characterized microorganisms, Bacillus megaterium produced the highest amount of alpha-amylases. The in silico data showed the enzyme 3D structure similarity to alpha-amylase from Halothermothrix orenii and highly negative charge amino acids on its surface caused the enzyme activity and stability in low water conditions. Based on Box-Behnken results, the temperature 35 °C, pH 6 and starch 40 g/l were determined as the optimum level of significant factors to achieve the highest alpha-amylases unit (101.44 U/ml). This bacterial alpha-amylases enzyme showed stability at pH 5 and a range of temperatures from 40 to 60 °C that indicates this enzyme may possess the potential for using in industrial processes.
Collapse
|
23
|
Elyasi Far B, Ahmadi Y, Yari Khosroshahi A, Dilmaghani A. Microbial Alpha-Amylase Production: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:350-358. [PMID: 32665893 PMCID: PMC7335993 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-amylase reputes for starch modification by breaking of 1-4 glycosidic bands and is widely applied in different industrial sectors. Microorganisms express unique alpha-amylases with thermostable and halotolerant characteristics dependent on the microorganism’s intrinsic features. Likewise, genetic engineering methods are applied to produce enzymes with higher stability in contrast to wild types. As there are widespread application of α-amylase in industry, optimization methods like RSM are used to improve the production of the enzyme ex vivo. This study aimed to review the latest researches on the production improvement and stability of α-amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Elyasi Far
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yassin Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroshahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azita Dilmaghani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dihydropyridines as potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103581. [PMID: 31978686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dihydropyridine derivatives 1-31 were synthesized via one-pot solvent free condition and screened for in vitro against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme. The synthetic derivatives 1-31 showed good α-amylase inhibition in the range of IC50 = 2.21 ± 0.06-9.97 ± 0.08 µM, as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 2.01 ± 0.1 µM) and α-glucosidase inhibition in the range of IC50 = 2.31 ± 0.09-9.9 ± 0.1 µM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 2.07 ± 0.1 µM), respectively. To determine the mode of binding interactions of synthetic molecules with active sites of enzyme, molecular docking studies were also performed. Different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H, 13C NMR, EI-MS, and HREI-MS were used to characterize all the synthetic compounds.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cellulolytic, amylolytic and xylanolytic potential of thermophilic isolates of Surajkund hot spring. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Low molecular weight alkaline thermostable α-amylase from Geobacillus sp. nov. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02171. [PMID: 31388592 PMCID: PMC6667821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial demands for enzymes that are stable in a broad range of conditions are increasing. Such enzymes, one of which is α-amylase, could be produced by extremophiles. This study reports a thermostable α-amylase produced by a newly isolated Geobacillus sp. nov. from a geothermal area. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the isolate formed a separate branch with 95% homology to Geobacillus sp. After precipitation using ammonium sulphate followed by ion-exchange chromatography, the enzyme produced a specific activity of 25.1 (U/mg) with a purity of 6.5-fold of the crude extract. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 12.2 kDa. The optimum activity was observed at 75 °C and pH 8. The activity increased in the presence of Ba2+ and Fe2+ but decreased in the presence of K+ and Mg2+. Ca2+ and Mn2+ increased the activity slightly. The activity completely diminished with the addition of Cu2+. EDTA and PMSF also sharply reduced enzyme activity. Although the stability was moderate, the low molecular weight could be an important feature for its future applications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Optimization of process parameter for alpha-amylase produced by Bacillus cereus amy3 using one factor at a time (OFAT) and central composite rotatable (CCRD) design based response surface methodology (RSM). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Zhao F, Song Q, Wang B, Du R, Han Y, Zhou Z. Secretion of the recombination α-amylase in Escherichia coli and purification by the gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:91-96. [PMID: 30423395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylases are important enzymes in industry. A recombinant α-amylase with a secretion signal peptide and an AcmA tag was expressed in Escherichia coli to improve the yield. The induction concentrations were optimized, and the temperature had a significant influence on soluble expression and secretion. A visible band could be obtained when the induction was conducted at 16 °C. The gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles could separate and purify the recombinant α-amylase with the AcmA tag, and no visible band could be seen in the culture even after the culture was concentrated ten times. The solution and concentration of the recombinant α-amylase could be adjusted by GEM particles. The recombinant untagged α-amylase was obtained after digestion. The α-amylase was characterized. The recombinant α-amylase was a thermophilic enzyme with a broad pH tolerance. In addition, the enzyme activity of the recombinant α-amylase was independent of Ca2+. The recombinant α-amylase contained the OmpA signal peptide and the AcmA tag and was expressed and purified quickly and easily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qiaozhi Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Renpeng Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaushal G, Kumar J, Sangwan RS, Singh SP. Metagenomic analysis of geothermal water reservoir sites exploring carbohydrate-related thermozymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:882-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|