Expression and characterization of the new antimicrobial peptide AP138L-arg26 anti Staphylococcus aureus

The low activity and yield of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are pressing problems. The improvement of activity and yield through modification and heterologous expression, a potential way to solve the problem, is a research hot-pot. In this work, a new plectasin-derived variant L-type AP138 (AP138L-arg26) was constructed for the study of recombination expression and druggablity. As a result, the total protein concentration of AP138L-arg26 was 3.1 mg/mL in Pichia pastoris X-33 supernatant after 5 days of induction expression in a 5-L fermenter. The recombinant peptide AP138L-arg26 has potential antibacterial activity against selected standard and clinical Gram-positive bacteria (G+, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2-16 µg/mL) and high stability under different conditions (temperature, pH, ion concentration) and 2 × MIC of AP138L-arg26 could rapidly kill Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (> 99.99%) within 1.5 h. It showed a high safety in vivo and in vivo and a long post-antibiotic effect (PAE, 1.91 h) compared with vancomycin (1.2 h). Furthermore, the bactericidal mechanism was revealed from two dimensions related to its disruption of the cell membrane resulting in intracellular potassium leakage (2.5-fold higher than control), and an increase in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and further intervening metabolism in S. aureus. These results indicate that AP138L-arg26 as a new peptide candidate could be used for more in-depth development in the future. KEY POINTS: • The AP138L-arg26 was expressed in the P. pastoris expression system with high yield • The AP138 L-arg26 showed high stability and safety in vitro and in vivo • The AP138L-arg26 killed S. aureus by affecting cell membranes and metabolism.

Secretion of the recombination α-amylase in Escherichia coli and purification by the gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles

α-Amylases are important enzymes in industry. A recombinant α-amylase with a secretion signal peptide and an AcmA tag was expressed in Escherichia coli to improve the yield. The induction concentrations were optimized, and the temperature had a significant influence on soluble expression and secretion. A visible band could be obtained when the induction was conducted at 16 °C. The gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles could separate and purify the recombinant α-amylase with the AcmA tag, and no visible band could be seen in the culture even after the culture was concentrated ten times. The solution and concentration of the recombinant α-amylase could be adjusted by GEM particles. The recombinant untagged α-amylase was obtained after digestion. The α-amylase was characterized. The recombinant α-amylase was a thermophilic enzyme with a broad pH tolerance. In addition, the enzyme activity of the recombinant α-amylase was independent of Ca²⁺. The recombinant α-amylase contained the OmpA signal peptide and the AcmA tag and was expressed and purified quickly and easily.