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Bari E, Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Petretto GL, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Sericin/crocetin micro/nanoparticles for nucleus pulposus cells regeneration: An “active” drug delivery system. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129882. [PMID: 36969863 PMCID: PMC10036567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Initiation and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration are linked to oxidative stress, with reactive oxygen species being a key factor. Therefore, as a potentially novel approach able to regenerate the damaged intervertebral disk, this work aimed to prepare an “active per sé” drug delivery system by combining sericin and crocetin: both are bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant and regenerative properties.Methods: In detail, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a cross-linker; then, the nanoparticle dispersions were dried by spray drying as it is (NP), with an excess of sericin (NPS) or crocin/crocetin (NPMix), obtaining three microparticle formulations.Results and Discussion: Before drying, the nanoparticles were nanometric (about 250 nm), with a negative surface charge, and appeared spherical and smooth. Following the drying process, spherical and smooth microparticles were obtained, with a mean diameter of about 1.7–2.30 μm. NPMix was the most active in antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, likely due to the excess of crocin/crocetin, while NPS had the best anti-elastase activity, likely due to sericin in excess. Furthermore, all the formulations could prevent oxidative stress damage on nucleus pulposus cells, with NPMix being the best. Overall, the intrinsic anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities and the ability to protect from oxidative stress-induced damages justify future investigations of these “active per sé” formulations in treating or preventing intervertebral disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Rassu,
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Zhao X, Ma H, Han H, Zhang L, Tian J, Lei B, Zhang Y. Precision medicine strategies for spinal degenerative diseases: Injectable biomaterials with in situ repair and regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100336. [PMID: 35799898 PMCID: PMC9254127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As the population ages, spinal degeneration seriously affects quality of life in middle-aged and elderly patients, and prevention and treatment remain challenging for clinical surgeons. In recent years, biomaterials-based injectable therapeutics have attracted much attention for spinal degeneration treatment due to their minimally invasive features and ability to perform precise repair of irregular defects. However, the precise design and functional control of bioactive injectable biomaterials for efficient spinal degeneration treatment remains a challenge. Although many injectable biomaterials have been reported for the treatment of spinal degeneration, there are few reviews on the advances and effects of injectable biomaterials for spinal degeneration treatment. This work reviews the current status of the design and fabrication of injectable biomaterials, including hydrogels, bone cements and scaffolds, microspheres and nanomaterials, and the current progress in applications for treating spinal degeneration. Additionally, registered clinical trials were also summarized and key challenges and clinical translational prospects for injectable materials for the treatment of spinal degenerative diseases are discussed.
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Oxidized Alginate Dopamine Conjugate: A Study to Gain Insight into Cell/Particle Interactions. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040201. [PMID: 36412842 PMCID: PMC9680352 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We had previously synthetized a macromolecular prodrug consisting of oxidized Alginate and dopamine (AlgOx-Da) for a potential application in Parkinson disease (PD). Methods: In the present work, we aimed at gaining an insight into the interactions occurring between AlgOx-Da and SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines in view of further studies oriented towards PD treatment. With the scope of ascertaining changes in the external and internal structure of the cells, multiple methodologies were adopted. Firstly, fluorescently labeled AlgOx-Da conjugate was synthetized in the presence of fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC), providing FITC-AlgOx-Da, which did not alter SH-SY5Y cell viability according to the sulforhodamine B test. Furthermore, the uptake of FITC-AlgOx-Da by the SH-SY5Y cells was studied using scanning near-field optical microscopy and assessments of cell morphology over time were carried out using atomic force microscopy. Results: Notably, the AFM methodology confirmed that no relevant damage occurred to the neuronal cells. Regarding the effects of DA on the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, AlgOx-Da reduced them in comparison to free DA, while AlgOx did almost not influence ROS production. Conclusions: these findings seem promising for designing in vivo studies aiming at administering Oxidized Alginate Dopamine Conjugate for PD treatment.
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González MB, Cuerva RC, Muñoz BF, Rosell-Valle C, López MM, Arribas BA, Montiel MÁ, Sánchez GC, González MS. Optimization of human platelet lysate production and pathogen reduction in a public blood transfusion center. Transfusion 2022; 62:1839-1849. [PMID: 35924726 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human platelet lysate (HPL) has been proposed as a safe and efficient xeno-free alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) for large-scale culturing of cell-based medicinal products. However, the use of blood derivatives poses a potential risk of pathogen transmission. To mitigate this risk, different pathogen reduction treatment (PRT) practices can be applied on starting materials or on final products, but these methods might modify the final composition and the quality of the products. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the impact of applying a PRT based on riboflavin and ultraviolet irradiation on the raw materials used to manufacture an improved Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-grade HPL product in a public blood center. Growth promotion and the levels of growth factors and proteins were compared between an inactivated product (HPL4-i) and a non-inactivated product (HPL4). Stability studies were performed at 4°C, -20°C, and -80°C. RESULTS The application of a PRT on the starting materials significantly altered the protein composition of HPL4-i as compared with HPL4. Despite this, the growth promoting rates were unaffected when compared with FBS used as a control. While all products were stable at -20°C and -80°C for 24 months, a significant decrease in the activity of HPL4-i was observed when stored at 4°C. CONCLUSION Our results show that the application of a PRT based on riboflavin and ultraviolet light on starting materials used in the manufacture of HPL modifies the final composition of the product, yet its cell growth promoting activity is maintained at levels similar to those of non-inactivated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bermejo González
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,PhD Program in Biología Molecular, Biomedicina e Investigación Clínica, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Campos Cuerva
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Transfusiones, Tejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS), Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud en Sevilla (FISEVI), Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Rosell-Valle
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain
| | - María Martín López
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Arribas Arribas
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Technology and Medicine Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Migue Ángel Montiel
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Technology and Medicine Sciences (Pharmacy), University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Carmona Sánchez
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,PhD Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Santos González
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC) Red Andaluza de Diseño y, Traslación de Terapias Avanzadas (RADyTTA), Seville, Spain.,Centro de Transfusiones, Tejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS), Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud en Sevilla (FISEVI), Seville, Spain
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Thermodynamic Balance vs. Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for the Outlet Temperature Estimation of a Benchtop Spray Dryer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020296. [PMID: 35214029 PMCID: PMC8877328 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of design space (DS) is a key milestone in the quality by design (QbD) of pharmaceutical processes. It should be considered from early laboratory development to industrial production, in order to support scientists with making decisions at each step of the product’s development life. Presently, there are no available data or methodologies for developing models for the implementation of design space (DS) on laboratory-scale spray dryers. Therefore, in this work, a comparison between two different modeling approaches, thermodynamics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), to a laboratory spray dryer model have been evaluated. The models computed the outlet temperature (Tout) of the process with a new modeling strategy that includes machine learning to improve the model prediction. The model metrics calculated indicate how the thermodynamic model fits Tout data better than CFD; indeed, the error of the CFD model increases towards higher values of Tout and feed rate (FR), with a final mean absolute error of 10.43 K, compared to the 1.74 K error of the thermodynamic model. Successively, a DS of the studied spray dryer equipment has been implemented, showing how Tout is strongly affected by FR variation, which accounts for about 40 times more than the gas flow rate (Gin) in the DS. The thermodynamic model, combined with the machine learning approach here proposed, could be used as a valid tool in the QbD development of spray-dried pharmaceutical products, starting from their early laboratory stages, replacing traditional trial-and-error methodologies, preventing process errors, and helping scientists with the following scale-up.
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Cheng F, Yang H, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Hai Y, Zhang Y. The role of oxidative stress in intervertebral disc cellular senescence. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1038171. [PMID: 36561567 PMCID: PMC9763277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1038171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aggravation of social aging and the increase in work intensity, the prevalence of spinal degenerative diseases caused by intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)has increased yearly, which has driven a heavy economic burden on patients and society. It is well known that IDD is associated with cell damage and degradation of the extracellular matrix. In recent years, it has been found that IDD is induced by various mechanisms (e.g., genetic, mechanical, and exposure). Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress is a vital activation mechanism of IDD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) could regulate matrix metabolism, proinflammatory phenotype, apoptosis, autophagy, and aging of intervertebral disc cells. However, up to now, our understanding of a series of pathophysiological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of IDD is still limited. In this review, we discussed the oxidative stress through its mechanisms in accelerating IDD and some antioxidant treatment measures for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuzeng Liu
- *Correspondence: Yuzeng Liu, ; Yong Hai, ; ; Yangpu Zhang,
| | - Yong Hai
- *Correspondence: Yuzeng Liu, ; Yong Hai, ; ; Yangpu Zhang,
| | - Yangpu Zhang
- *Correspondence: Yuzeng Liu, ; Yong Hai, ; ; Yangpu Zhang,
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Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, Catenacci L, Conti B, Dorati R, Ferrari F, Genta I, Modena T, Perteghella S, Rossi S, Sandri G, Sorrenti M, Torre ML, Tripodo G. Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Repair and Regeneration: A Focus on Italian Research in the Field. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091341. [PMID: 34575417 PMCID: PMC8471088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration is an interdisciplinary field focusing on developing bioactive substitutes aimed at restoring pristine functions of damaged, diseased tissues. Biomaterials, intended as those materials compatible with living tissues after in vivo administration, play a pivotal role in this area and they have been successfully studied and developed for several years. Namely, the researches focus on improving bio-inert biomaterials that well integrate in living tissues with no or minimal tissue response, or bioactive materials that influence biological response, stimulating new tissue re-growth. This review aims to gather and introduce, in the context of Italian scientific community, cutting-edge advancements in biomaterial science applied to tissue repair and regeneration. After introducing tissue repair and regeneration, the review focuses on biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials such as collagen, polysaccharides, silk proteins, polyesters and their derivatives, characterized by the most promising outputs in biomedical science. Attention is pointed out also to those biomaterials exerting peculiar activities, e.g., antibacterial. The regulatory frame applied to pre-clinical and early clinical studies is also outlined by distinguishing between Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and Medical Devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bice Conti
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (B.C.); (F.F.)
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Freeze-Dried Secretome (Lyosecretome) from Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Promotes the Osteoinductive and Osteoconductive Properties of Titanium Cages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168445. [PMID: 34445150 PMCID: PMC8395097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium is one of the most frequently used materials in bone regeneration due to its good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and great osteogenic performance. However, osseointegration with host tissue is often not definite, which may cause implant failure at times. The present study investigates the capacity of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome, formulated as a ready-to-use and freeze-dried medicinal product (the Lyosecretome), to promote the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of titanium cages. In vitro tests were conducted using adipose tissue-derived MSCs seeded on titanium cages with or without Lyosecretome. After 14 days, in the presence of Lyosecretome, significant cell proliferation improvement was observed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the cytocompatibility of titanium cages: the seeded MSCs showed a spread morphology and an initial formation of filopodia. After 7 days, in the presence of Lyosecretome, more frequent and complex cellular processes forming bridges across the porous surface of the scaffold were revealed. Also, after 14 and 28 days of culturing in osteogenic medium, the amount of mineralized matrix detected by alizarin red was significantly higher when Lyosecretome was used. Finally, improved osteogenesis with Lyosecretome was confirmed by confocal analysis after 28 and 56 days of treatment, and demonstrating the production by osteoblast-differentiated MSCs of osteocalcin, a specific bone matrix protein.
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Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Obinu A, Bari E, Mandracchia D, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Crocetin as New Cross-Linker for Bioactive Sericin Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050680. [PMID: 34065101 PMCID: PMC8150760 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nose-to-brain delivery route is used to bypass the blood–brain barrier and deliver drugs directly into the brain. Over the years, significant signs of progress have been made in developing nano-drug delivery systems to address the very low drug transfer levels seen with conventional formulations (e.g., nasal solutions). In this paper, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a new bioactive natural cross-linker (NPc) and compared to sericin nanoparticles prepared with glutaraldehyde (NPg). The mean diameter of NPc and NPg was about 248 and 225 nm, respectively, and suitable for nose-to-brain delivery. The morphological investigation revealed that NPc are spherical-like particles with a smooth surface, whereas NPg seem small and rough. NPc remained stable at 4 °C for 28 days, and when freeze-dried with 0.1% w/v of trehalose, the aggregation was prevented. The use of crocetin as a natural cross-linker significantly improved the in vitro ROS-scavenging ability of NPc with respect to NPg. Both formulations were cytocompatible at all the concentrations tested on human fibroblasts and Caco-2 cells and protected them against oxidative stress damage. In detail, for NPc, the concentration of 400 µg/mL resulted in the most promising to maintain the cell metabolic activity of fibroblasts higher than 90%. Overall, the results reported in this paper support the employment of NPc as a nose-to-brain drug delivery system, as the brain targeting of antioxidants is a potential tool for the therapy of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-7922-8735
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Antonella Obinu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Bonferoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (A.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (E.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.L.T.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Mujawar S, Iyengar K, Nadkarni S, Mulherkar R. Expansion and characterization of cells from surgically removed intervertebral disc fragments in xenogen-free medium. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ma L, Yang T, Mao C, Yang M. Sensitive protein detection and visualization using protein-binding peptides. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1165-1170. [PMID: 32672894 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Silk sericin (SS) as a silk protein has important applications in biomedical and textile fields, and thus finding a facile method for detecting and imaging it is very important. Here, we show that a free SS-binding peptide, labeled with horseradish peroxidase and fluorescein isothiocyanate, could be used as a probe to determine the concentration of SS (from 1 to 100 μg/ml) in a dilute solution with a detection limit of 0.073 μg/ml and visualize the distribution of SS on a substrate under a fluorescent microscope, respectively. This work highlights the importance in discovering a protein-binding peptide and the power of such a peptide for the detection and imaging of technologically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Mocchi M, Dotti S, Del Bue M, Villa R, Bari E, Perteghella S, Torre ML, Grolli S. Veterinary Regenerative Medicine for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Can Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Secretome Be the New Frontier? Cells 2020; 9:E1453. [PMID: 32545382 PMCID: PMC7349187 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to restore the normal function of diseased or damaged cells, tissues, and organs using a set of different approaches, including cell-based therapies. In the veterinary field, regenerative medicine is strongly related to the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which belong to the body repair system and are defined as multipotent progenitor cells, able to self-replicate and to differentiate into different cell types. This review aims to take stock of what is known about the MSCs and their use in the veterinary medicine focusing on clinical reports on dogs and horses in musculoskeletal diseases, a research field extensively reported in the literature data. Finally, a perspective regarding the use of the secretome and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the veterinary field to replace parental MSCs is provided. The pharmaceuticalization of EVs is wished due to the realization of a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP product suitable for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Mocchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.D.); (R.V.)
| | | | - Riccardo Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (S.D.); (R.V.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.B.); (S.P.)
- PharmaExceed S.r.l., 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Grolli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
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Polyphenols-Loaded Sericin Self-Assembling Nanoparticles: A Slow-Release for Regeneration by Tissue-Resident Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040381. [PMID: 32326171 PMCID: PMC7238282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic target to promote tissue regeneration, mainly when oxidative stress-mediated damage is involved in disease pathogenesis. Here, slow-release silk sericin nanoparticles (SNPs) loaded with natural antioxidant polyphenols were developed to sustain regeneration by tissue-resident MSCs. SNPs were prepared by exploiting a self-assembly method with poloxamer and were loaded with proanthocyanidins (P), quercetin (Q) or epigallocatechin gallate (E). SNPs, with a diameter less than 150 nm, were able to encapsulate both hydrophilic (P and E) and hydrophobic (Q) drugs. A slow and controlled release was obtained from SNPs for all the actives in PBS, while in EtOH, Q and E showed a burst release but P did not. Kinetic models revealed lower diffusion of P than other biomolecules, probably due to the higher steric hindrance of P. The in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-elastase and anti-tyrosinase properties of SNPs were assessed: loading the P and E into SNPs preserved the in vitro biological activities whereas for Q, the anti-elastase activity was strongly improved. Moreover, all formulations promoted MSC metabolic activity over 72 h. Finally, SNPs exhibited a strong ability to protect MSCs from oxidative stress, which supports their potential use for regenerative purposes mediated by tissue-resident MSCs.
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Chromatographic profiling of silk sericin for biomedical and cosmetic use by complementary hydrophylic, reversed phase and size exclusion chromatographic methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113291. [PMID: 32334133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silk sericin (SS) is, together with silk fibroin (SF), one of the two proteins forming the silkworm cocoon. SS is ideal ingredient for cosmetic applications in the formulation of specific products for skin care and hair due to its peculiar physical-chemical composition. SS also showed a great potential in different pharmacological and biotechnological applications, as anticancer drug, anticoagulant, cell culture additive, wound healing agent and drug delivery carrier. Reasons for SS use in biomedical applications derive from its physical-chemical composition. As a consequence, a detailed characterization of SS in terms of average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and hydro/lipophilic character is crucial to properly address and assess its quality, cosmetic or pharmacological use. In this study, the application of different and complementary chromatographic modes allows a detailed investigation of SS protein isolated from wastewater using two diverse extraction methods. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC using an AdvanceBio Glycan Map column) and reverse phase (RP using Symmetry300 C18 column) were applied to intact protein characterization to derive data on protein hydrophilicity and on hydrophobic components of the two SS preparations (SS#1 and SS#2). A higher hydrophilic character of SS#1 was observed by HILIC trace, coherently with the preparation method used, while no significant differences in hydrophobicity were detectable in the RPLC separations. Size distribution was also defined by using a SEC-UV-MS method (using TSKgel SuperSW2000 column) properly optimized to maximize both the size selectivity and the method sensitivity. Taken together, the chromatographic data allowed to better characterize the SS samples obtained by different extraction methods, and the structural properties were correlated to their biological activities.
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Nardini M, Perteghella S, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Marrubini G, Bari E, Formica M, Gentili C, Cancedda R, Torre ML, Mastrogiacomo M. Growth Factors Delivery System for Skin Regeneration: An Advanced Wound Dressing. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020120. [PMID: 32028579 PMCID: PMC7076531 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments of chronic skin ulcers based on the direct application of dressings still present several limits with regard to a complete tissue regeneration. Innovative strategies in tissue engineering offer materials that can tune cell behavior and promote growth tissue favoring cell recruitment in the early stages of wound healing. A combination of Alginate (Alg), Sericin (SS) with Platelet Lysate (PL), as a freeze-dried sponge, is proposed to generate a bioactive wound dressing to care skin lesions. Biomembranes at different composition were tested for the release of platelet growth factors, cytotoxicity, protective effects against oxidative stress and cell proliferation induction. The highest level of the growth factors release occurred within 48 h, an optimized time to burst a healing process in vivo; the presence of SS differently modulated the release of the factors by interaction with the proteins composing the biomembranes. Any cytotoxicity was registered, whereas a capability to protect cells against oxidative stress and induce proliferation was observed when PL was included in the biomembrane. In a mouse skin lesion model, the biomembranes with PL promoted the healing process, inducing an accelerated and more pronounced burst of inflammation, formation of granulation tissue and new collagen deposition, leading to a more rapid skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nardini
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Biotherapy Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.); (M.F.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.); (M.F.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Matteo Formica
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.); (M.F.)
- Orthopedic Clinic, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genova viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, via Leon Battista Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Center for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Ranieri Cancedda
- Endolife S.r.l., Piazza della Vittoria 15/23, 16121 Genova, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (E.B.); (M.L.T.)
| | - Maddalena Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 10, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Biotherapy Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Center for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-555-8203
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Robustelli Della Cuna FS, Calevo J, Bari E, Giovannini A, Boselli C, Tava A. Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Four Sympatric Orchid Species. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213878. [PMID: 31661846 PMCID: PMC6864456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile fractions from fresh inflorescences of naturally growing orchids Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. fragrans (Pollini), Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) R. Ophrys holosericea (Burm.) Greuter and Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) B. were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Saturated hydrocarbons were quantified as the major constituents of the volatile fraction (47.87–81.57% of the total essential oil), of which long-chain monounsaturated hydrocarbons accounted from 9.20% to 32.04% of the total essential oil. Double bond position in linear alkenes was highlighted by dimethyl disulfide derivatization and MS fragmentation. Aldehydes (from 3.45 to 18.18% of the total essential oil), alcohols (from 0.19% to 13.48%), terpenes (from 0.98 to 2.50%) and acids (0.30 to 2.57%) were also detected. These volatiles compounds may represent a particular feature of these plant species, playing a critical role in the interaction with pollinators. DPPH assay evaluating the antioxidant activity of the essential oils was carried out, showing a dose-dependent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Robustelli Della Cuna
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
- DDS Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Calevo
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy.
- DBIOS Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Elia Bari
- DDS Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Giovannini
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy.
| | - Cinzia Boselli
- DDS Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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Silk sericin-enhanced microstructured bacterial cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold towards prospective gut repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:502-510. [PMID: 31147021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a first step towards the production of functional cell sheets applicable for the regeneration of gut muscle layer, microstructured bacterial cellulose (mBC) was assessed for its ability to support the growth of enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To improve the cellular response, mBC was modified with silk sericin (SS) which has renowned abilities in supporting tissue regeneration. While SS did not impair the line structures imparted to BC by PDMS templates, similarly to the patterns, it affected its physical properties, ultimately leading to variations in the behavior of cells cultured onto these substrates. Enabled by the stripes on mBC, both SMCs and ENS cells were aligned in vitro, presenting the in vivo-like morphology essential for peristalsis and gut function. Interestingly, cell growth and differentiation remarkably enhanced upon SS addition to the samples, indicating the promise of the mBC-SS constructs as biomaterial not only for gut engineering, but also for tissues where cellular alignment is required for function, namely the heart, blood vessels, and similars.
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Faragò S, Torre ML. Association of silk sericin and platelet lysate: Premises for the formulation of wound healing active medications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Di Silvestre D, Sorlini M, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Marrubini G, Rossi R, Tripodo G, Mauri P, Marazzi M, Torre ML. Pilot Production of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Freeze-Dried Secretome for Cell-Free Regenerative Nanomedicine: A Validated GMP-Compliant Process. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110190. [PMID: 30380806 PMCID: PMC6262564 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a pilot production process for mesenchymal stem/stromal freeze-dried secretome was performed in a validated good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant cell factory. Secretome was purified from culture supernatants by ultrafiltration, added to cryoprotectant, lyophilized and characterized. We obtained a freeze-dried, "ready-off-the-shelf" and free soluble powder containing extracellular vesicles and proteins. In the freeze-dried product, a not-aggregated population of extracellular vesicles was detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis; Fourier transform infrared spectra showed the simultaneous presence of protein and lipids, while differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that lyophilization process successfully occurred. A proteomic characterization allowed the identification of proteins involved in immune response, response to stress, cytoskeleton and metabolism. Moreover, the product was not cytotoxic up to concentrations of 25 mg/mL (on human fibroblasts, chondrocytes and nucleus pulposus cells by MTT assay) and was blood compatible up to 150 mg/mL. Finally, at concentrations between 5 and 50 mg/mL, freeze-dried secretome showed to in vitro counteract the oxidative stress damage induced by H₂O₂ on nucleus pulposus cells by MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marzio Sorlini
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, SUPSI, Via Pobiette 11, 6928 Manno, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Marrubini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rossi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PharmaExceed srl, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Polydopamine-Assisted Silver Nanoparticle Self-Assembly on Sericin/Agar Film for Potential Wound Dressing Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102875. [PMID: 30248951 PMCID: PMC6213261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively applied for their broad-spectrum and excellent antibacterial ability in recent years. Polydopamine (PDA) has great advantages for synthesizing large amounts of AgNPs, as it has multiple sites for silver ion binding and phenolic hydroxyl structure to reduce silver ions to AgNPs. Here, we mixed sericin and agar solution and dried at 65 °C to prepare a sericin (SS)/Agar composite film, and then coated polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of SS/Agar film by soaking SS/Agar film into polydopamine solution, subsequently synthesizing high-density AgNPs with the assistance of PDA to yield antibacterial AgNPs-PDA- SS/Agar film. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicated the successful synthesis of high-density AgNPs on the surface of PDA-SS/Agar film. PDA coating and AgNPs modification did not affect the structure of sericin and agar. Furthermore, water contact angle, water absorption and mechanical property analysis showed that AgNPs-PDA-SS/Agar film had excellent hydrophilicity and proper mechanical properties. Inhibition zone and growth curve assays suggested the prepared film had excellent and long-lasting antibacterial ability. In addition, it had excellent cytocompatibility on the fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells. The film shows great potential as a novel kind of wound dressing.
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