1
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Karmakar B, Sarkar S, Chakraborty R, Saha SP, Thirugnanam A, Roy PK, Roy S. Starch-based biodegradable films amended with nano-starch and tannic acid-coated nano-starch exhibit enhanced mechanical and functional attributes with antimicrobial activity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122321. [PMID: 38876723 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Starch-based biofilms are biodegradable, but their application is limited by lower mechanical strength and absence of antimicrobial properties. In this context, the present study attempted to unleash the potential of nanotechnology for synthesizing nano-starch (NS) and tannic acid-coated nano-starch (T-NS) for augmenting the tensile strength and antimicrobial properties of starch-based biofilms. Moreover, this study reports one of the first such attempts to improve the commercial viability of starch extracted from the corms of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. In this study, NS and T-NS samples were first synthesized by the physical and chemical modification of the native starch (S) molecules. The NS and T-NS samples showed significantly smaller granule size, lower moisture content, and swelling power. Further, amendments with NS and T-NS samples (25 % and 50 %) to the native starch molecules were performed to obtain biofilm samples. The NSB (NS amended) and T-NSB (T-NS amended) biofilms showed comparatively higher tensile strength than SB films (100 % starch-based). The T-NSB showed greater antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All the biofilms showed almost complete biodegradation in soil (in 10 days). Therefore, it can be concluded that additives like NS and T-NS can improve starch-based biofilms' mechanical strength and antimicrobial properties with considerable biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Karmakar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayani Sarkar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Govt. College, Himachal Vihar, Matigara, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunachalam Thirugnanam
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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2
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Naseem S, Bhat SU, Gani A, Bhat FA. Starch exploration in Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa natans: Understanding physicochemical and functional variations for future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133077. [PMID: 38914388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The current research emphasis on identifying unconventional starch sources with varied properties to broaden industrial applications. The focus of this research is on the search for alternative sources of starch with different properties in order to expand their potential use in the industrial sector. Starch was extracted from Trapa natans and Nelumbo nucifera and analyzed for their physicochemical and functional properties. They had similar protein (0.35 %) and ash contents, but the nitrogen-free extract was slightly higher in Nelumbo starch (87.58 %) than in Trapa starch (85.09 %). The amylose and amylopectin contents were 23.89 % and 76.11 % in Trapa starch and 15.70 % and 84.30 % in Nelumbo starch, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified both as polysaccharides. The characteristic absorption bands assigned to the stretching of OH groups (3324 cm-1; 3280 cm-1), the asymmetric and symmetric stretching of aliphatic chain groups (2925 cm-1; 2854 cm-1), the bending vibration of CHO groups (1149 cm-1; 1144 cm-1) were present in both the starch samples, with the exception of CH3 which could not be detected in Trapa natans starch. X-ray diffraction confirmed hexagonal and orthorhombic crystal structures in Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa natans starch. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a smooth oval and a rough cuboidal shape for lotus and chestnut starch, respectively. Rheological analysis showed that both starch solutions exhibited gel behavior, with Trapa showing stronger gel behavior after the crossover point. These results suggest potential applications in various industries, including the food industry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Naseem
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sami Ullah Bhat
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Chen Q, Song D, Sun X, Tian Y, Yan Z, Min T, Wang H, Wang L. Functional Characterization of F3H Gene and Optimization of Dihydrokaempferol Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecules 2024; 29:2196. [PMID: 38792058 PMCID: PMC11124287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 1092 bp F3H gene from Trapa bispinosa Roxb., which was named TbF3H, was cloned and it encodes 363 amino acids. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the high homology of TbF3H with flavanone 3-hydroxylase from other plants. A functional analysis showed that TbF3H of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. encoded a functional flavanone 3-hydroxylase; it catalyzed the formation of dihydrokaempferol (DHK) from naringenin in S. cerevisiae. The promoter strengths were compared by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry detection of the fluorescence intensity of the reporter genes initiated by each constitutive promoter (FITC), and DHK production reached 216.7 mg/L by the promoter adjustment strategy and the optimization of fermentation conditions. The results presented in this study will contribute to elucidating DHK biosynthesis in Trapa bispinosa Roxb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Dandan Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Yulong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Zecheng Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Hongxun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
| | - Limei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Q.C.); (D.S.); (X.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.Y.); (H.W.)
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4
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Lan T, Wang J, Lei Y, Lei J, Sun X, Ma T. A new source of starchy flour: Physicochemical and nutritional properties of starchy kiwifruit flour. Food Chem 2024; 435:137627. [PMID: 37804722 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical and nutritional properties of three starchy kiwifruit flour (SKF) were systematically studied. The results revealed that the total starch content of SKF was 66.63-80.42%. SKF showed a B-type crystal structure with a grain size between 7.08 and 9.02 μm. In comparison to corn starch and potato starch, SKF possessed a lower pH (3.43-4.28), transparency (0.68-1.11%) and setback value (0.20-1.73 Pa·s) and a higher swelling power (9.42-15.02 g/g) and hot paste viscosity (1.73-2.10 Pa·s). Moreover, SFK was rich in protein and various mineral elements. It also contained high levels of total phenolics and exhibited a strong antioxidant capacity. The resistant starch content in SKF was as high as 67.19-73.22%, and the rapidly digestible starch content was remarkably lower than that of corn and potato starch. Overall, these unique physicochemical properties of SKF, coupled with its nutritional benefits, give it a good development potential in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yushan Lei
- Shaanxi Rural Science and Technology Development Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Shaanxi Bairui Kiwifruit Research Co, Ltd., Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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5
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Kong X, Yang W, Zuo Y, Dawood M, He Z. Characteristics of physicochemical properties, structure and in vitro digestibility of seed starches from five loquat cultivars. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126675. [PMID: 37660848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Starch plays a pivotal role in food and other industries, necessitating the exploration of new starch sources to cater the substantial requirement. This study delved into the variations in the physicochemical properties, structure attributes and in vitro digestibility of seed starches extracted from five distinct loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica L.). The starch extraction yield of loquat seeds was found to be 45.2 % as an average. Loquat seed starches were designated as having high-amylose starch (>50 %). The starch granules exhibited similar shapes, but granular size significantly varied across the cultivars. Loquat starches presented a C-type crystalline pattern with relative crystallinity from 17.14 % to 21.06 %. The short-range ordered structure of the starches differed with loquat cultivars. The swelling power, solubility and amylose leaching of loquat starches increased with increasing temperature, significantly varying among different cultivars. Gelatinization parameters exhibited significant variations among the loquat starches. Different loquat starches exhibited pronounced variations in paste clarity, water and oil absorption capacity. Marked differences were detected in proportions of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) across the five cultivars, with RS being particularly prominent fraction with an average of 84.30 %. These compressive findings offer valuable insights into the potential application of loquat seed starches in the formulation of foods and various industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Kong
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youming Zuo
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zirui He
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Tao X, Su Q, Wu H, Zhan L, Huang W, Zheng J, Zhong Q, Chen P. Structure and physicochemical properties of a new variety of purple rice ( Oryza sativa L. indica) starch. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:793-802. [PMID: 37041806 PMCID: PMC10082871 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the structure and physicochemical properties of starch extracted from a new variety of purple rice was the aim of this study. Starch extracted from a new variety of purple rice named Tianzi No. 1 (PRS) is different in structure and physicochemical properties compared with waxy rice starch (WRS), japonica rice starch (JRS), and indica rice starch (IRS). PRS granules were diversified in shape, and the birefringence of starch particles were clearly observed. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy exhibited the degree of double helix and low short-range order structure of PRS differed from IRS, JRS and WRS. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that PRS presented a typical A-type XRD pattern and possessed lower crystallinity. Based on rheological experiment results, PRS had the highest apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″). According to textural experiments, PRS gels had higher textural paraments before and after retrogradation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01205-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Qiqi Su
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Hai Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Lei Zhan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Jingshao Zheng
- Xinxing County Weifeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527300 China
| | - Qingling Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Pei Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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7
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Karmakar B, Saha SP, Chakraborty R, Roy S. Optimization of starch extraction from Amorphophallus paeoniifolius corms using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) for improving yield with tenable chemical attributes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124183. [PMID: 36972818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of the extraction process for improving the starch yield from unconventional plants is emerging as a topic of interest. In this respect, the present work aimed to optimize the starch extraction from the corms of elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) with the help of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The RSM model performed better than the ANN in predicting the starch yield with higher precision. In this connection, this study for the first time reports the significant improvement of starch yield from A. paeoniifolius (51.76 g/100 g of the corm dry weight). The extracted starch samples based on yield - high (APHS), medium (APMS), and low (APLS) exhibited a variable granule size (7.17-14.14 μm) along with low ash content, moisture content, protein, and free amino acid indicating purity and desirability. The FTIR analysis also confirmed the chemical composition and purity of the starch samples. Moreover, the XRD analysis showed the prevalence of C-type starch (2θ = 14.303°). Based on other physicochemical, biochemical, functional, and pasting properties, the three starch samples showed more or less similar characteristics thereby indicating the sustentation of beneficial attributes of starch molecules irrespective of the variation in extraction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Karmakar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Govt. College, Himachal Vihar, Matigara, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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Wang M, Hu WJ, Wang QH, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, and application of the polysaccharides from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus): A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:562-579. [PMID: 36521698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) is a widely distributed plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. Almost all parts of the lotus can be used as foodstuff and nourishment, or as an herb. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharides obtained from lotus exhibit surprisingly and satisfying biological activities, which explains the various benefits of lotus to human health, including anti-diabetes, anti-osteoporosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, etc. Here, we systematically review the recent major studies on extraction and purification methods of polysaccharides from different parts (rhizome, seed, leaf, plumule, receptacle and stamen) of lotus, as well as the characterization of their chemical structure, biological activity and structure-activity relationship, and the applications of lotus polysaccharides in different fields. This article will give an updated and deeper understanding of lotus polysaccharides and provide theoretical basis for their further research and application in human health and manufacture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China.
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9
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Wang C, Cao J, Liu T, Jin L, Hang C, Zhang C, Qian X, Jiang D, Jiang C. Preparation and characterization of antioxidant and pH-sensitive films based on arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) starch, κ-carrageenan and black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) extract for monitoring spoilage of chicken wings. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 224:544-555. [PMID: 36273549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we firstly developed an antioxidant and pH-sensitive film based on arrowhead starch (AS), κ-carrageenan (KC) and black chokeberry extract (BCE) and its physical and structural properties were investigated. We found BCE showed different colors in different pH solutions and incorporation with KC and BCE could significantly decrease light transmittance, increase thickness, elongation at break and pH-sensitive property of AS film. The results of structural property assay indicated that there were some intermolecular interactions between BCE and AS/KC in AS-KC-BCE films. Secondly, we investigated the rheological property of AS, AS-KC and AS-KC-BCE suspensions and found the suspensions showed an obvious shear-thinning behavior with high apparent viscosity. Finally, the functional properties of AS-KC-BCE films were investigated and AS-KC-BCE films showed strong scavenging activity on DPPH free radical and presented visible colour changes in response to the changes of the chicken wing qualities. The results suggest that AS-KC-BCE films can be used in active and intelligent packaging of food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junjie Cao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an 223002, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lanfei Jin
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenzhu Hang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dingyun Jiang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Changxing Jiang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an 223003, Jiangsu, PR China.
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10
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Ye S, Yin D, Sun X, Chen Q, Min T, Wang H, Wang L. Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Functional Analysis of Glycosyltransferase (TbUGGT) Gene from Trapa bispinosa Roxb. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238374. [PMID: 36500465 PMCID: PMC9737334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Trapa bispinosa Roxb. is an economical crop for medicine and food. Its roots, stems, leaves, and pulp have medicinal applications, and its shell is rich in active ingredients and is considered to have a high medicinal value. One of the main functional components of the Trapa bispinosa Roxb. shell is 1-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (βG), which can be used in medical treatment and is also an essential substrate for synthesizing the anticancer drug beta-penta-o-Galloyl-glucosen (PGG). Furthermore, gallate 1-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.136) has been found to catalyze gallic acid (GA) and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) to synthesize βG. In our previous study, significant differences in βG content were observed in different tissues of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. In this study, Trapa bispinosa Roxb. was used to clone 1500 bp of the UGGT gene, which was named TbUGGT, to encode 499 amino acids. According to the specificity of the endogenous expression of foreign genes in Escherichia coli, the adaptation codon of the cloned original genes was optimized for improved expression. Bioinformatic and phylogenetic tree analyses revealed the high homology of TbUGGT with squalene synthases from other plants. The TbUGGT gene was constructed into a PET-28a expression vector and then transferred into Escherichia coli Transsetta (DE3) for expression. The recombinant protein had a molecular weight of 55 kDa and was detected using SDS-PAGE. The proteins were purified using multiple fermentation cultures to simulate the intracellular environment, and a substrate was added for in vitro reaction. After the enzymatic reaction, the levels of βG in the product were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS, indicating the catalytic activity of TbUGGT. The cloning and functional analysis of TbUGGT may lay the foundation for further study on the complete synthesis of βG in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dongjie Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qinyi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Limei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8395-6793
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11
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Feng Y, Qiu Y, Duan Y, He Y, Xiang H, Sun W, Zhang H, Ma H. Characterization, antioxidant, antineoplastic and immune activities of selenium modified Sagittaria sagittifolia L. polysaccharides. Food Res Int 2022; 153:110913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Zhang Y, Xu H, Hu Z, Yang G, Yu X, Chen Q, Zheng L, Yan Z. Eleocharis dulcis corm: phytochemicals, health benefits, processing and food products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:19-40. [PMID: 34453323 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eleocharis dulcis, an aquatic plant belonging to Cyperaceae family, is indigenous to Asia, and also occurs in tropical Africa and Australia. The edible corm part of E. dulcis is a commonly consumed aquatic vegetable with a planting area of 44.46 × 103 hm2 in China. This work aims to explore the potential of E. dulcis corm for use as a new food source for sufficient nutrients and health benefits by reviewing its nutrients, phytochemicals, functions, processing and food products. Eleocharis dulcis corm contains starches, dietary fibers, non-starch polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, phenolics, sterols, puchiin, saponins, minerals and vitamins. Among them, phenolics including flavonoids and quinones could be the major bioconstituents that largely contribute to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and hypolipidemic functions. Peel wastes of E. dulcis corm tend to be enriched in phenolics to a much higher extent than the edible pulp. Fresh-cut E. dulcis corm can be consumed as a ready-to-eat food or processed into juice for beverage production, and anti-browning processing is a key to prolonging shelf life. Present food products of E. dulcis corm are centered on various fruit and vegetable beverages, and suffer from single categories and inadequate development. In brief, underutilized E. dulcis corm possesses great potential for use as a new food source for sufficient nutrients and health benefits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Zhenbiao Hu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Guihong Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Qianfeng Chen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liu JL, Tsai PC, Lai LS. Impacts of Hydrothermal Treatments on the Morphology, Structural Characteristics, and In Vitro Digestibility of Water Caltrop Starch. Molecules 2021; 26:4974. [PMID: 34443559 PMCID: PMC8401936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of hydrothermal treatments on the structural properties and digestibility of water caltrop starch was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed some small dents on the surface of starch granules for samples treated with heat moisture treatment (HMT), but not for samples treated with annealing (ANN) which generally showed smoother surfaces. The gelatinization temperature of starch was generally increased by hydrothermal treatments, accompanied by a trend of decreasing breakdown viscosity. These results implied the improvement of thermal and shearing stability, particularly for HMT in comparison to ANN. After being cooked, the native and ANN-modified water caltrop starch granules were essentially burst or destroyed. On the other hand, the margin of starch granules modified by HMT and dual hydrothermal treatments remained clear with some channels inside the starch granules. X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystalline pattern of water caltrop starch changed from the CA-type to the A-type and the relative crystallinity reduced with increasing moisture levels of HMT. Results of ANN-modified water caltrop starch were mostly similar to those of the native one. Moreover, water caltrop starch modified with HMT20 and dual modification contained a pronouncedly higher resistant starch content. These results suggested that HMT, ANN, and dual modification effectively modified the functional properties of water caltrop starch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lih-Shiuh Lai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (J.-L.L.); (P.-C.T.)
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14
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Tsai PC, Lai LS. In Vitro Starch Digestibility, Rheological, and Physicochemical Properties of Water Caltrop Starch Modified with Cycled Heat-Moisture Treatment. Foods 2021; 10:1687. [PMID: 34441465 PMCID: PMC8393333 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of cycled heat-moisture treatment (cHMT) on the in vitro digestibility, rheological, and physicochemical properties of water caltrop starch. The amylose content increased significantly by cHMT, whereas damaged starch content decreased only in the groups with more than two cycles applications. cHMT generally increased the weight-average molecular weight, except for single cycle treatment which showed the reverse result. In thermal properties, the onset temperature (T0), peak temperature (Tp), and conclusion temperature (Tc) increased, while the enthalpy needed to complete the gelatinization was lowered by cHMT. Water caltrop starch paste showed less shear-thinning behavior with cHMT. Meanwhile, the viscosity and tendency to form strong gel were enfeebled with modification. cHMT significantly changed predicted glycemic index (pGI) value, especially in samples that underwent the most cycles of treatment, which showed the lowest pGI compared to native and other treatment. These results suggested that cHMT water caltrop starch was effectively modified and showed diversified properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lih-Shiuh Lai
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
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Effect of Single and Dual Hydrothermal Treatments on the Resistant Starch Content and Physicochemical Properties of Lotus Rhizome Starches. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144339. [PMID: 34299614 PMCID: PMC8304897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) changed the morphology and the degree of molecular ordering in lotus rhizome (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) starch granules slightly, leading to some detectable cavities or holes near hilum, weaker birefringence and granule agglomeration, accompanied with modified XRD pattern from C- to A-type starch and lower relative crystallinity, particularly for high moisture HMT modification. In contrast, annealing (ANN) showed less impact on granule morphology, XRD pattern and relative crystallinity. All hydrothermal treatment decreased the resistant starch (from about 27.7–35.4% to 2.7–20%), increased the damage starch (from about 0.5–1.6% to 2.4–23.6%) and modified the functional and pasting properties of lotus rhizome starch pronouncedly. An increase in gelatinization temperature but a decrease in transition enthalpy occurred after hydrothermal modification, particularly for hydrothermal modification involved with HMT. HMT-modified starch also showed higher pasting temperature, less pronounced peak viscosity, leading to less significant thixotropic behavior and retrogradation during pasting-gelation process. However, single ANN treatment imparts a higher tendency of retrogradation as compared to native starch. For dual hydrothermally modified samples, the functional properties generally resembled to the behavior of single HMT-modified samples, indicating the pre- or post-ANN modification had less impact on the properties HMT modified lotus rhizome starch.
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