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Zhang B, Yan L, Lin C, Liu Y, Zhao C, Wang P, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Qiu L. Asymmetric evolution of ISG15 homologs and the immune adaptation to LBUSV infection in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109441. [PMID: 38354965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The battle between host and viral is ubiquitous across all ecosystems. Despite this, research is scarce on the antiviral characteristics of fish, particularly in those that primarily rely on innate immune responses. This study, comprehensively explored the genetic and antiviral features of ISG15 in spotted seabass, focusing on its response to largemouth bass ulcerative syndrome virus (LBUSV). Through whole-genome BLAST and PCR cloning, two ISG15 homologs, namely LmISG15a and LmISG15b, were identified in spotted seabass, both encoding highly conserved proteins. However, a distinctive contrast emerged in their expression patterns, with LmISG15a exhibiting high expression in immune organs while LmISG15b remained largely silent across various organs. Regulatory elements analysis indicated an asymmetric evolution of the two ISG15s, with the minimal expression of LmISG15b may attribute to the loss of a necessary ISRE and an additional instability "ATTTA" motif. Association analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between LmISG15a expression and LBUSV infection. Subsequent antiviral activity detection revealed that LmISG15a interacted with LBUSV, inhibiting its replication by activating ISGylation and downstream pro-inflammatory mediators. In summary, this study unveils a distinct evolutionary strategy of fish antiviral gene ISG15 and delineates its kinetic characteristics in response to LBUSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Changhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.
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Zhao K, Li X, Lei B, Han Y, An T, Zhang W, Zhang H, Li B, Yuan W. Recombinant porcine Interferon-α and Interleukin-2 fusion protein (rPoIFNα+IL-2) shows potent anti-pseudorabies virus activity in vitro and in vivo. Vet Microbiol 2023; 279:109678. [PMID: 36758273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants have been widely prevalent since 2011, leading to substantial losses to the swine industry. Although PRV can cause cross-species transmission and induce human infection, no drugs can currently prevent PRV infection. Interferons (IFNs) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are important cytokines that mediate several biological functions including antiviral activity and immune regulation. In this study, we expressed and purified a recombinant porcine IFN-α and IL-2 fusion protein (rPoIFNα+IL-2), which did not show a cytotoxic effect on PK-15 cells. The antiviral activity was evaluated in PK-15 cells using the cytopathic effect inhibition method, and the results indicated that rPoIFNα+IL-2 can inhibit the replication of PRV, with an antiviral activity of approximately 104 U/mL. Moreover, the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was enhanced by rPoIFNα+IL-2. Additionally, rPoIFNα+IL-2 substantially increased the expression of IFN-stimulated genes, including IFIT1, ISG15, MX1, and OAS, which are critical for antiviral activity. Furthermore, rPoIFNα+IL-2 alleviated the clinical symptoms and reduced mortality in mice infected with PRV. Simultaneously, rPoIFNα+IL-2 increased the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 and inhibited the expression of IL-1β and IL-6. Additionally, the viral DNA copies in different tissues in the rPoIFNα+IL-2-treated group were lower than those in the untreated group. These findings indicate that rPoIFNα+IL-2 may serve as an antiviral agent for the prevention and treatment of PRV infection and may expand the potential function of IFN antiviral drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Baishi Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wuchao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Chengde City Veterinary Drug Management Station, Chengde, China
| | - Bosen Li
- Chengde City Veterinary Drug Management Station, Chengde, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Gan Z, Xu X, Tang S, Wen Q, Jin Y, Lu Y. Identification and functional characterization of protein kinase R (PKR) in amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104648. [PMID: 36708793 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of interferon-induced serine/threonine kinases, the protein kinase R (PKR) plays vital roles in antiviral defense, and functional features of PKR remain largely unknown in amphibians, which suffer from ranaviral diseases in the last few decades. In this study, a PKR gene named Xt-PKR was characterized in the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis). Xt-PKR gene was widely expressed in different organs/tissues, and was rapidly induced by poly(I:C) in spleen, kidney, and liver. Intriguingly, Xt-PKR could be up-rugulated by the treatment of type I and type III interferons, and the transcript level of Xt-PKR induced by type I interferon was much higher than that of type III interferon. Moreover, overexpression of Xt-PKR can suppress the protein synthesis and ranavirus replication in vitro, and the residue lysine required for the translation inhibition activity in mammalian PKR is conserved in Xt-PKR. The present study represents the first characterization on the functions of amphibian PKR, and reveals considerable functional conservation of PKR in early tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shaoshuai Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Premraj A, Aleyas AG, Nautiyal B, Rasool TJ. Novel type-I interferons from the dromedary camel: Molecular identification, prokaryotic expression and functional characterization of camelid interferon-delta. Mol Immunol 2023; 153:212-225. [PMID: 36563641 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen the emergence of three highly pathogenic coronaviruses with zoonotic origins, which prompted immediate attention to the underlying cause and prevention of future outbreaks. Intensification of camel husbandry in the Middle East has resulted in increased human-camel interactions, which has led to the spread of potentially zoonotic viruses with human spillover risks like MERS-coronavirus, camelpox virus, etc. Type-I interferons function as the first line of defense against invading viruses and are pivotal for limiting viral replication and immune-mediated pathologies. Seven novel dromedary camel interferon delta genes were identified and cloned. Functional characterization of this novel class of IFNs from the mammalian suborder tylopoda is reported for the first time. The camel interferon-delta proteins resemble the reported mammalian counterparts in sequence similarity, conservation of cysteines, and phylogenetic proximity. Prokaryotically expressed recombinant camel interferon-δ1 induced IFN-stimulated gene expression and also exerted antiviral action against camelpox virus, an endemic zoonotic virus. The pre-treatment of camel kidney cells with recombinant camel IFN-δ1 increased cell survival and reduced camelpox virus in a dose-dependent manner. The identification of novel IFNs from species with zoonotic spillover risk such as camels, and evaluating their antiviral effects in-vitro will play a key role in improving immunotherapies against viruses and expanding the arsenal to combat emerging zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Premraj
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Presidential Camels & Camel Racing Affairs Centre, Department of the President's Affairs, P.O. Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abi George Aleyas
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Presidential Camels & Camel Racing Affairs Centre, Department of the President's Affairs, P.O. Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binita Nautiyal
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Presidential Camels & Camel Racing Affairs Centre, Department of the President's Affairs, P.O. Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thaha Jamal Rasool
- Camel Biotechnology Center, Presidential Camels & Camel Racing Affairs Centre, Department of the President's Affairs, P.O. Box 17292, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Razzuoli E, Armando F, De Paolis L, Ciurkiewicz M, Amadori M. The Swine IFN System in Viral Infections: Major Advances and Translational Prospects. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020175. [PMID: 35215119 PMCID: PMC8875149 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that play a pivotal role in orchestrating the innate immune response during viral infections, thus representing the first line of defense in the host. After binding to their respective receptors, they are able to elicit a plethora of biological activities, by initiating signaling cascades which lead to the transcription of genes involved in antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumoral effector mechanisms. In hindsight, it is not surprising that viruses have evolved multiple IFN escape strategies toward efficient replication in the host. Hence, in order to achieve insight into preventive and treatment strategies, it is essential to explore the mechanisms underlying the IFN response to viral infections and the constraints thereof. Accordingly, this review is focused on three RNA and three DNA viruses of major importance in the swine farming sector, aiming to provide essential data as to how the IFN system modulates the antiviral immune response, and is affected by diverse, virus-driven, immune escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Livia De Paolis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Amadori
- National Network of Veterinary Immunology (RNIV), Via Istria 3, 25125 Brescia, Italy;
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