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Zhang B, Duan G, Qin Q, Li S, Zhou W, Zhang C, Jiang S. Advanced wood-inorganic composites: preparation, properties and perspectives. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2025; 12:2503-2523. [PMID: 39849919 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh01475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2025]
Abstract
In recent years, the widespread use of wood products has been observed in many fields. Wooden products have excellent green and environmentally friendly characteristics, but their performance often cannot meet people's needs. Many researchers have conducted in-depth research on wood-based composite materials and their modification methods in order to improve the performance of wood. This article provides a selective review of the types, modification methods, and properties of inorganic modifiers. The preparation methods are mainly divided into immersion methods, sol-gel methods, and hydrothermal synthesis. The flame retardancy, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and mold resistance of modified wood have been effectively improved. In addition, modified wood also has photoresponsive properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on advanced wood-inorganic composites have been proposed for guiding future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Qin Qin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Wu J, Shi Y, Wen X, Zhang W, Zhao D, Liu L, Duan J. Ultraviolet-Shielded Transparent Wood with Improved Interface for Insulating Windows. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:3866-3875. [PMID: 39815475 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
Recently, transparent wood (TW) has been considered for many energy-efficient building products, such as windows and decorations. However, the existing TW still faces issues with size and thickness, as well as problems with functional fillers affecting the optical and mechanical properties of TW, which limits its wide application in the window products. In this study, a wood composite material (WCM) with good optical, mechanical, and thermal insulation and UV-shielding properties was prepared by using delignified wood (DW), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 4-vinylphenylboric acid (VPBA). Compared with NaClO2 delignification, peracetic acid (PAA) preserves hemicellulose and a more stable pore structure, which facilitates the filling of polymers into the DW template, resulting in the preparation of more extensive and thicker TW. VPBA, as a functional raw material for UV shielding, on the one hand, improves the interfacial compatibility of the TW, thus improving the optical properties (transmittance of about 90%, haze of about 55%) and mechanical properties (64.5 MPa). On the other hand, WCM was found to effectively block UV-C, UV-B (about 100%), and UV-A (about 90%) radiation while maintaining sufficient visible light transmittance. In addition, as an insulating window, WCM has low thermal conductivity and can maintain a high temperature for a long time after the loss of solar radiation, which is an ideal thermal insulation material and is expected to become a potential substitute for conventional glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Shi
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaolu Wen
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liujun Liu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiufang Duan
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Hong W, Xiao H, Zhang Z, Xu M, Yi Z, Zhou Z, Han Y. A composite film of oxidized levan crosslinked with gelatin: strong hydrophobic and mechanical properties and effective preservation of fresh Mozzarella cheese. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 284:137701. [PMID: 39549806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
The fructosan levan was synthesized in vitro using a recombinant levansucrase. The levan was oxidized with sodium periodate to prepare oxidized levan (OLevan) with three oxidation degrees. OLevan, gelatin (Gel), and gallic acid (GA) were used to prepare the composite films by the method of plate pouring. The analytical results of FT-IR and XPS indicated that OLevan and gelatin were covalently crosslinked through a Schiff base reaction. The crosslinked films had better properties compared to the non-crosslinked films, especially the Gel/GA/50%OLevan film. The film had the lowest swelling degree (44.4 %), while that of Gel/GA/Levan film was 352.6 %. Gel/GA/50%OLevan film also had the highest tensile strength (25.48 MPa), while that of Gel/GA film was 9.48 MPa. Also, Gel/GA/50%OLevan film was used as a packaging material of Mozzarella cheese. The film effectively slowed down changes in the texture and color of the cheese. On the first day, the coliform in the control and PE groups had already exceeded the maximum acceptable limit of cheese (2.0 Log CFU/g). However, that of Gel/GA/50%OLevan group reached the limit on the fifth day. The results show that the new film prepared by crosslinking and composite of natural edible materials has good potential as a safe food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhi Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongkai Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, The, People's Republic of China..
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Xu J, Ning Y, Yun Y, Cheng X, Li J, Wang L. A Highly CO 2-Sensitive Wood-Based Smart Tag for Strawberry Freshness Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2900. [PMID: 39458728 PMCID: PMC11511562 DOI: 10.3390/polym16202900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Smart tags are used for monitoring the freshness of foods. However, they often lack significant color changes, and their accuracy needs to be improved. In this study, a poplar veneer with a natural pore structure was selected as a matrix to prepare a smart tag with high pH sensitivity for tracking the freshness of strawberries. The delignified veneer was modified using 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTAC) to be given positive charges to adsorb bromothymol blue (BTB) through electrostatic interactions. The adsorption capacity of the veneer reached 7.0 mg/g at 50 °C for 4 h, and the veneer showed an obvious blue color. The smart tags exhibited distinct color changes at different pHs and showed quick color changes in response to acetic acid. As the freshness of strawberries decreased, the color of the smart tags changed from blue to yellow-green, which indicated that the accuracy was high. In this study, an effective method was fabricated to prepare a highly sensitive tag, promoting popular application to ensure food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China; (J.X.); (Y.N.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (J.L.)
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Bradai H, Koubaa A, Zhang J, Demarquette NR. Effect of Wood Species on Lignin-Retaining High-Transmittance Transparent Wood Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2493. [PMID: 39274125 PMCID: PMC11398143 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores lignin-retaining transparent wood biocomposite production through a lignin-modification process coupled with epoxy resin. The wood's biopolymer structure, which includes cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is reinforced with the resin through impregnation. This impregnation process involves filling the voids and pores within the wood structure with resin. Once the resin cures, it forms a strong bond with the wood fibers, effectively reinforcing the biopolymer matrix and enhancing the mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposite material. This synergy between the natural biopolymer structure of wood and the synthetic resin impregnation is crucial for achieving the desired optical transparency and mechanical performance in transparent wood. Investigating three distinct wood species allows a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between natural and transparent wood biocomposite properties. The findings unveil promising results, such as remarkable light transmittance (up to 95%) for Aspen transparent wood. Moreover, transparent wood sourced from White Spruce demonstrates excellent stiffness (E = 2450 MPa), surpassing the resin's Young's modulus. Also, the resin impregnation enhanced the thermal stability of natural wood. Conversely, transparent wood originating from Larch showcases superior impact resistance. These results reveal a clear correlation between wood characteristics such as density, anatomy, and mechanical properties, and the resulting properties of the transparent wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Bradai
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Ahmed Koubaa
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250300, China
| | - Nicole R Demarquette
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
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Dong X, Shang J, Xiao T, Song R, Sheng X, Li N, Zhang J, Ping Q. A facile method to fabricate sustainable bamboo ethanol lignin/carboxymethylcellulose films with efficient anti-ultraviolet and insulation properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132959. [PMID: 38848848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Given the environmental concerns related to the non-degradability of conventional petroleum-based polymer films, the synthesis of biodegradable films utilizing natural polymers derived from biomass has emerged as a promising alternative, garnering significant attention in recent research endeavors. This research introduced an environmentally friendly and efficient method, utilizing extract liquid from the green ethanol pulping process as the solvent to completely dissolve carboxymethylcellulose into the film-forming liquid, and employing the solution pouring technique to successfully fabricate bamboo ethanol lignin/carboxymethylcellulose films (LCF). The findings revealed that the lignin content significantly influenced the LCF, endowing them with tunable mechanical properties, effective UV-blocking, and thermal insulation capabilities. With a lignin addition of 3.75 %, LCF-3.75 exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, characterized by a tensile strength of 19.4 MPa, along with superior UV-blocking efficiency, blocking 100 % of UVB and 99.81 % of UVA rays. Furthermore, relative to LCF-0, LCF-3.75 had been shown to possess enhanced hydrophobicity and thermal stability, culminating in the development of the composite films that showcased exceptional thermal insulation properties and biodegradability. The films not only harbored extensive application prospects as an anti-ultraviolet and heat-insulating glass films but also represented a potential avenue for the efficient utilization of lignin, thereby contributing to sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, 42 Culture Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, 42 Culture Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Rui Song
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xueru Sheng
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Ping
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Al-Senani GM, Al-Qahtani SD. Preparation of multifunctional and mechanically-reliable smart wood infiltrated with cellulose nanocrystal-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133226. [PMID: 38889827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional transparent woods have recently attracted a great interest as efficient products for many applications, such as smart window and smart packaging. Herein, a transparent wood with several desirable properties, including flame-retardant activity, ultraviolet shielding, superhydrophobicity, good roughness, durability and photostability was developed. The current photoluminescent wood showed a remarkable capacity to keep releasing light in the dark for extended durations. Multifunctional transparent wood was prepared by infiltrating a delignified wooden bulk with a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), cellulose nanocrystals, and rare-earth strontium aluminate nanoparticles (RSAN). Cellulose nanocrystals were prepared from microcrystalline cellulose, and used as reinforcement nanofiller to enhance the mechanical strength of the polyvinyl alcohol matrix and a dispersant agent to avoid agglomeration of RSAN. RSAN displayed diameters of 8-16 nm, while cellulose nanocrystals displayed lengths of 75-150 nm and diameters of 5-10 nm. According to photoluminescence spectra and the colorimetric space coordinates reported by the CIE Lab parameters, the transparent wood changed color to bright green when exposed to UV irradiation. For the produced phosphorescent wood surfaces, an absorption band was detected at 365 nm to generate an emission band at 519 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah M Al-Senani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salhah D Al-Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng T, Cao K, Jing Y, Wang H, Wu Y. Transparent and Efficient Wood-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1208. [PMID: 38732677 PMCID: PMC11085067 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wood possesses several advantageous qualities including innocuity, low cost, aesthetic appeal, and excellent biocompatibility, and its naturally abundant functional groups and diverse structural forms facilitate functionalization modification. As the most sustainable bio-based material, the combination of wood with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stands poised to significantly advance the cause of green sustainable production while mitigating the escalating challenges of energy consumption. However, the inherent weak polarizability of natural wood limits its development for TENGs. Herein, we present the pioneering development of a flexible transparent wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TW-TENG) combining excellent triboelectrical properties, optical properties, and wood aesthetics through sodium chlorite delignification and epoxy resin impregnation. Thanks to the strong electron-donating groups in the epoxy resin, the TW-TENG obtained an open-circuit voltage of up to ~127 V, marking a remarkable 530% enhancement compared to the original wood. Furthermore, durability and stability were substantiated through 10,000 working cycles. In addition, the introduction of epoxy resin and lignin removal endowed the TW-TENG with excellent optical characteristics, with optical transmittance of up to 88.8%, while preserving the unique texture and aesthetics of the wood completely. Finally, we show the application prospects of TW-TENGs in the fields of self-power supply, motion sensing, and smart home through the demonstration of a TW-TENG in the charging and discharging of capacitors and the output of electrical signals in different scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cheng
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.C.); (Y.J.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kunli Cao
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.C.); (Y.J.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yidan Jing
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.C.); (Y.J.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | | | - Yan Wu
- College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (T.C.); (Y.J.)
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Li M, Li X, Xu K, Qin A, Yan C, Xu Y, Shan D, Wang J, Xu M, Li X, Li B, Liu L. Construction and mechanism analysis of flame-retardant, energy-storage and transparent bio-based composites based on natural cellulose template. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130317. [PMID: 38387629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
With the proposal of sustainable development strategy, bio-based energy storage transparent wood (TW) has shown broad application value in green buildings, cold chain transportation, and optoelectronic device fields. However, its application in most fields is limited due to its own flammability. In this study, epoxy resin, triethyl phosphate (TEP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were introduced into delignified balsa wood template by vacuum pressure impregnation, and bio-based TW/PEG/TEP integrating flame retardant, high strength and phase-change energy-storage performance was prepared. TW/PEG composites have no leakage during phase change process and their transparency is up to 95 %. Compared with TW/PEG, the shielding effect of char layer and the inhibition effect in condensed and gas phase significantly decrease the total heat release of TW/PEG/TEP. TW/PEG/TEP biocomposites still maintained a high enthalpy of phase change and a low peak melting temperature, which was conducive to its application around the area of low temperature phase change energy storage. In addition, the tensile strength of TW/PEG/TEP was nearly 4 times higher than that of DW, and its toughness was obviously enhanced. TW/PEG/TEP biocomposites conformed to the current concept of energy-saving and green development. It has the potential to replace traditional petrochemical-based materials and shows excellent application prospects in emerging fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ao Qin
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chentao Yan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Depeng Shan
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lubin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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