Shanaki M, Khosravi M, Khoshdooni-Farahani A, Dadashi A, Heydari MF, Delfan M, Jafary H, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S. High-Intensity Interval Training Reversed High-Fat Diet-Induced M1-Macrophage Polarization in Rat Adipose Tissue via Inhibition of NOTCH Signaling.
J Inflamm Res 2020;
13:165-174. [PMID:
32231438 PMCID:
PMC7085339 DOI:
10.2147/jir.s237049]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
There is accumulating evidence on the beneficial effect of exercise intervention in the management of metabolic disorders; however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Here, the current study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous endurance training (CET) on serum and adipose-tissue markers of M1/M2 macrophage polarization.
Methods
A total of 45 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into groups of normal chow (n=10) and high-fat diet (HFD) (n=35). Then, rats receiving the HFD were randomly divided into four groups. Training programs were performed for 5 days/week over 10 weeks. The CET protocol included 30 minutes running at 50%–60% of VO2max. The HIIT protocol consisted of five repeated intervals of 2-minute sprints on the treadmill at 80%–90% VO2max workload with 1 minute's 30%–35% VO2max interval for each rat. Then, biochemical parameters were assessed. Macrophage-polarization markers were assessed at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.
Results
Both exercise-training programs, especially HIIT, reversed increased serum biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and hsCRP), M1-polarization markers (circulating IL6, TNFα, and adipose-tissue mRNA expression of IL6, TNFα and iNOS), M2 markers (CD206, CD163, and IL10 expression), as well as pIκKB, pNFκB, and NICD expression in HFD-induced diabetes.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that despite devoting less time, the HIIT workout is a more effective intervention for diabetes management. Moreover, HIIT reverses HFD-induced macrophage polarization by targeting the NFκB and NOTCH signaling pathways.
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