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Impact of Hormonal-Anabolic Deficiencies in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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De Giorgi A, Marra AM, Iacoviello M, Triggiani V, Rengo G, Cacciatore F, Maiello C, Limongelli G, Masarone D, Perticone F, Filardi PP, Paolillo S, Mancini A, Volterrani M, Vriz O, Castello R, Passantino A, Campo M, Modesti PA, Salzano A, D’Assante R, Arcopinto M, Raparelli V, Fabbian F, Sciacqua A, Colao A, Suzuki T, Bossone E, Cittadini A. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as predictor of cardiovascular mortality in heart failure patients: data from the T.O.S.CA. registry. Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:1651-1660. [PMID: 35445917 PMCID: PMC9463276 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-02980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data from the "Trattamento Ormonale nello Scompenso CArdiaco" (T.O.S.CA) registry showed that heart failure (HF) represents a complex clinical syndrome with different hormonal alterations. Renal failure represents a frequent complication in HF. We evaluated the relationship between renal function and insuline-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency and its impact on cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in patients enrolled in the T.O.S.CA. registry. METHODS At the enrolment, all subjects underwent chemistry examinations, including circulating hormones and cardiovascular functional tests. COX regression analysis was used to evaluate factors related to CVM during the follow-up period in all populations, in high-risk patients and in the young-adult population. Also, we evaluate the effects of renal function on the CVM. RESULTS 337 patients (41 deceased) were analyzed. CVM was related to severe renal dysfunction (HR stages IV-V = 4.86), high-risk conditions (HR 2.25), serum IGF-1 (HR 0.42), and HF etiology (HR 5.85 and HR 1.63 for valvular and ischemic etiology, respectively). In high-risk patients, CVM was related to IGF-1 levels, severe renal dysfunction and valvular etiology, whereas in young patients CMV was related to the high-risk pattern and serum IGF-1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the clinical and prognostic utility of the IGF-1 assay in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo De Giorgi
- grid.416315.4Clinica Medica Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Marra
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP)-Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thorax Clinic at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- grid.10796.390000000121049995Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari ‘A Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- grid.511455.1Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit-IRCCS-Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- grid.416052.40000 0004 1755 4122Heart Transplantation Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- grid.416052.40000 0004 1755 4122Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele Masarone
- grid.416052.40000 0004 1755 4122Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Perticone
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- grid.477084.80000 0004 1787 3414Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- grid.477084.80000 0004 1787 3414Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Vriz
- grid.415310.20000 0001 2191 4301Heart Center Department, King Faisal Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Castello
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XDivision of General Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Passantino
- grid.414603.4Scientific Clinical Institutes Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Campo
- grid.10796.390000000121049995Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro Amedeo Modesti
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- grid.482882.c0000 0004 1763 1319Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP)-IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta D’Assante
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Fabbian
- grid.416315.4Clinica Medica Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XClinical Medicine and Surgery Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Toru Suzuki
- grid.412925.90000 0004 0400 6581Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- grid.413172.2Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP)-Cardiology Division, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Effects of Exercise on Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Updated Review of Literature. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9080241. [PMID: 36005405 PMCID: PMC9409671 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9080241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents the most common HF phenotype of patients aged > 65 years, with an incidence and a prevalence that are constantly growing. The HFpEF cardinal symptom is exercise intolerance (EI), defined as the impaired ability to perform physical activity and to reach the predicted age-related level of exercise duration in the absence of symptoms—such as fatigue or dyspnea—and is associated with a poor quality of life, a higher number of hospitalizations, and poor outcomes. The evidence of the protective effect between exercise and adverse cardiovascular outcomes is numerous and long-established. Regular exercise is known to reduce cardiovascular events and overall mortality both in apparently healthy individuals and in patients with established cardiovascular disease, representing a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of many cardio-metabolic conditions. Several studies have investigated the role of exercise in HFpEF patients. The present review aims to dwell upon the effects of exercise on HFpEF. For this purpose, the relevant data from a literature search (PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline) were reviewed. The analysis of these studies underlines the fact that exercise training programs improve the cardiorespiratory performance of HFpEF patients in terms of the increase in peak oxygen uptake, the 6 min walk test distance, and the ventilatory threshold; on the other hand, diastolic or systolic functions are generally unchanged or only partially modified by exercise, suggesting that multiple mechanisms contribute to the improvement of exercise tolerance in HFpEF patients. In conclusion, considering that exercise training programs are able to improve the cardiorespiratory performance of HFpEF patients, the prescription of exercise training programs should be encouraged in stable HFpEF patients, and further research is needed to better elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects described.
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Di Lodovico E, Facondo P, Delbarba A, Pezzaioli LC, Maffezzoni F, Cappelli C, Ferlin A. Testosterone, Hypogonadism, and Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e008755. [PMID: 35392658 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is defined as low circulating testosterone level associated with signs and symptoms of testosterone deficiency. Although the bidirectional link between hypogonadism and cardiovascular disease has been clarified, the association between testosterone and chronic heart failure (HF) is more controversial. Herein, we critically review published studies relating to testosterone, hypogonadism, and HF and provide practical clinical information on proper diagnosis and treatment of male hypogonadism in patients with HF. In general, published studies are extremely heterogeneous, frequently have not adhered to hypogonadism guidelines, and suffer from many intrinsic methodological inaccuracies; therefore, data provide only low-quality evidence. Nevertheless, by selecting the few methodologically robust studies, we show the prevalence of testosterone deficiency (30%-50%) and symptomatic hypogonadism (15%) in men with HF is significant. Low testosterone correlates with HF severity, New York Heart Association class, exercise functional capacity, and a worse clinical prognosis and mortality. Interventional studies on testosterone treatment in men with HF are inconclusive but do suggest beneficial effects on exercise capacity, New York Heart Association class, metabolic health, and cardiac prognosis. We suggest that clinicians should measure testosterone levels in men with HF who have symptoms of a testosterone deficiency and conditions that predispose to hypogonadism, such as obesity and diabetes. These patients-if diagnosed as hypogonadal-may benefit from the short- and long-term effects of testosterone replacement therapy, which include improvements in both cardiac prognosis and systemic outcomes. Further collaborative studies involving both cardiologists and endocrinologists are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Lodovico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (E.D.L., P.F., L.C.P., C.C., A.F.)
| | - Paolo Facondo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (E.D.L., P.F., L.C.P., C.C., A.F.)
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (A.D., F.M., C.C., A.F.)
| | - Letizia Chiara Pezzaioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (E.D.L., P.F., L.C.P., C.C., A.F.)
| | - Filippo Maffezzoni
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (A.D., F.M., C.C., A.F.)
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (E.D.L., P.F., L.C.P., C.C., A.F.).,Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (A.D., F.M., C.C., A.F.)
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (E.D.L., P.F., L.C.P., C.C., A.F.).,Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy (A.D., F.M., C.C., A.F.).,Now with Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Italy (A.F.)
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Marra AM, Bencivenga L, D'Assante R, Rengo G, Cittadini A. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Squaring the circle between comorbidities and cardiovascular abnormalities. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 99:1-6. [PMID: 35033395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is nowadays considered a major healthcare issue. According to forecasts two third of all Heart Failure patients will belong to this phenotype by year 2050, overwhelming those affected by Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF). Both epidemiological and mechanistic studies support the concept that HFpEF represents true HF although aggravated by a collection of comorbidities. There is urgent need of improving its phenotyping due to the high degree of disease heterogeneity within HFpEF that lead to the failure of randomized clinical trials in demonstrating a remarkable impact of drugs in improving its morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maria Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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7
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Cittadini A, Bossone E, Ventura HO. Emerging Comorbidities in Heart Failure. Cardiol Clin 2022; 40:xi-xiv. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Mattesi G, Di Michele S, Mele D, Rigato I, Bariani R, Fiorencis A, Previtero M, Al Sergani A, Leoni L, Bauce B, Pergola V. Thyroid dysfunction on the heart: clinical effects, prognostic impact and management strategies. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022; 92. [PMID: 35347972 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have a considerable influence on cardiac function and structure. There are direct and indirect effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system, which are prominent in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In this review, we discuss how thyroid dysfunction impacts cardiovascular pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mattesi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | | | - Donato Mele
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Ilaria Rigato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Riccardo Bariani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Andrea Fiorencis
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Marco Previtero
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Abdullah Al Sergani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, The Heart Centre, Riyadh.
| | - Loira Leoni
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Barbara Bauce
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
| | - Valeria Pergola
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua.
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Lisco G, Giagulli VA, Iovino M, Zupo R, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Iacoviello M, Triggiani V. Endocrine system dysfunction and chronic heart failure: a clinical perspective. Endocrine 2022; 75:360-376. [PMID: 34713389 PMCID: PMC8553109 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to an excess of urgent ambulatory visits, recurrent hospital admissions, morbidity, and mortality regardless of medical and non-medical management of the disease. This excess of risk may be attributable, at least in part, to comorbid conditions influencing the development and progression of CHF. In this perspective, the authors examined and described the most common endocrine disorders observed in patients with CHF, particularly in individuals with reduced ejection fraction, aiming to qualify the risks, quantify the epidemiological burden and discuss about the potential role of endocrine treatment. Thyroid dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with CHF, and sometimes it could be the consequence of certain medications (e.g., amiodarone). Male and female hypogonadism may also coexist in this clinical context, contributing to deteriorating the prognosis of these patients. Furthermore, growth hormone deficiency may affect the development of adult myocardium and predispose to CHF. Limited recommendation suggests to screen endocrine disorders in CHF patients, but it could be interesting to evaluate possible endocrine dysfunction in this setting, especially when a high suspicion coexists. Data referring to long-term safety and effectiveness of endocrine treatments in patients with CHF are limited, and their impact on several "hard" endpoints (such as hospital admission, all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality) are still poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Saverio de Bellis, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Saverio de Bellis, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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10
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Marra AM, Sherman AE, Salzano A, Guazzi M, Saggar R, Squire IB, Cittadini A, Channick RN, Bossone E. Right Heart Pulmonary Circulation Unit Involvement in Left-Sided Heart Failure: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications. Chest 2021; 161:535-551. [PMID: 34592320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although long neglected, the right heart (RH) is now widely accepted as a pivotal player in heart failure (HF) either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. The chronic overload of the pulmonary microcirculation results in an initial phase characterized by right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, right atrial dilation, and diastolic dysfunction. This progresses to overt RH failure when RV dilation and systolic dysfunction lead to RV-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) uncoupling with low RV output. In the context of its established relevance to progression of HF, clinicians should consider assessment of the RH with information from clinical assessment, biomarkers, and imaging. Notably, no single parameter can predict prognosis alone in HF. Assessments simultaneously should encompass RV systolic function, pulmonary pressures, an estimation of RV-PA coupling, and RH morphologic features. Despite a large volume of evidence indicating the relevance of RH function to the clinical syndrome of HF, evidence-based management strategies are lacking. Targeting RH dysfunction in HF should be an objective of future investigations, being an unmet need in the current management of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital and School of Medicine, Naples, Italy; Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program, Naples, Italy; Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander E Sherman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Cardiology Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milano School of Medicine, Milano, Italy; IRCCS, Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy
| | - Rajan Saggar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Iain B Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, England
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University Hospital and School of Medicine, Naples, Italy; Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program, Naples, Italy
| | - Richard N Channick
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program, Naples, Italy; Division of Cardiology, A Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
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11
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De Luca M, Crisci G, Giardino F, Valente V, Amaranto I, Iacono O, D'Assante R, Giallauria F, Marra AM. Anabolic hormones and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: looking for Ariadne's thread. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34351104 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome that accounts for more than half of all heart failure patients. Identification, early diagnosis and management of patients are still complex, and no targeted treatment is available, since all tested drugs were not able to lower hard clinical outcomes. A multi-hormonal deficiency syndrome has been described in HFpEF patients suggesting that different hormones may represent new biomarkers of the disease, but their clinical utility is still debated. The natriuretic peptides are the cornerstone biomarker in heart failure, predicting cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization. Testosterone and DHEA-S deficiencies have been reported in HFpEF and associated with right ventricular impairment and diastolic dysfunction. IGFBP-1/IGF-1 axis correlates with echocardiographic parameters of HFpEF patients and with several prognostic biomarkers including NT-proBNP and C reactive protein. Low triiodothyronine syndrome is frequently found in HFpEF and thyroid hormones should represent a potential biomarker of risk stratification and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Crisci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
| | - Federica Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
| | - Valeria Valente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
| | - Ilaria Amaranto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
| | - Olimpia Iacono
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
| | | | - Alberto M Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples.
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12
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Cittadini A, Isidori AM, Salzano A. Testosterone therapy and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2039-2057. [PMID: 34293112 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first synthesised in 1935, testosterone (T) has been viewed as the mythical Fountain of Youth, promising rejuvenation, restoring sexual appetites, growing stronger muscles, and quicker thinking. T is endowed with direct effects on myocardial and vascular structure and function, as well as on risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Indeed, low serum T levels are a risk factor for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and dyslipidaemia. Moreover, many studies have shown that T deficiency per se is an independent risk factor of CV and all-cause mortality. On this background and due to direct-to-patient marketing by drug companies, we have witnessed to the widespread use of T replacement therapy (TT) without clear indications particularly in late-life onset hypogonadism. The current review will dwell upon current evidence and controversies surrounding the role of T in the pathophysiology of CV diseases, the link between circulating T levels and CV risk, and the use of replacing T as a possible adjuvant treatment in specific CV disorders. Specifically, recent findings suggest that heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent two potential targets of T therapy once that a state of hypogonadism is diagnosed. However, only if ongoing studies solve the CV safety issue the T orchid may eventually 'bloom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Exercise intolerance represents a typical feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and is associated with a poor quality of life, frequent hospitalizations, and increased all-cause mortality. The cardiopulmonary exercise test is the best method to quantify exercise intolerance, and allows detection of the main mechanism responsible for the exercise limitation, influencing treatment and prognosis. Exercise training programs improve exercise tolerance in HFpEF. However, studies are needed to identify appropriate type and duration. This article discusses the pathophysiology of exercise limitation in HFpEF, describes methods of determining exercise tolerance class, and evaluates prognostic implications and potential therapeutic strategies.
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14
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Cittadini A, Salzano A, Iacoviello M, Triggiani V, Rengo G, Cacciatore F, Maiello C, Limongelli G, Masarone D, Perticone F, Cimellaro A, Perrone Filardi P, Paolillo S, Mancini A, Volterrani M, Vriz O, Castello R, Passantino A, Campo M, Modesti PA, De Giorgi A, Monte IP, Puzzo A, Ballotta A, D'Assante R, Arcopinto M, Gargiulo P, Sciacqua A, Bruzzese D, Colao A, Napoli R, Suzuki T, Eagle KA, Ventura HO, Marra AM, Bossone E. Multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome predicts outcome in heart failure: the T.O.S.CA. Registry. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1691-1700. [PMID: 33693736 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence supports the occurrence of multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome (MHDS) in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, no large observational study has unequivocally demonstrated its impact on CHF progression and outcome. The T.O.S.CA. (Trattamento Ormonale nello Scompenso CArdiaco; Hormone Treatment in Heart Failure) Registry has been specifically designed to test the hypothesis that MHDS affects morbidity and mortality in CHF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The T.O.S.CA. Registry is a prospective, multicentre, observational study involving 19 Italian centres. Thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor-1, total testosterone, dehydropianoandrosterone sulfate, insulin resistance, and the presence of diabetes were evaluated. A MHDS was defined as the presence of ≥2 hormone deficiencies (HDs). Primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Four hundred and eighty heart failure patients with ejection fraction ≤45% were enrolled. MHDS or diabetes was diagnosed in 372 patients (77.5%). A total of 271 events (97 deaths and 174 cardiovascular hospitalizations) were recorded, 41% in NO-MHDS and 62% in MHDS (P < 0.001). Median follow-up was of 36 months. MHDS was independently associated with the occurrence of the primary endpoint [hazard ratio 95% (confidence interval), 1.93 (1.37-2.73), P < 0.001] and identified a group of patients with a higher mortality [2.2 (1.28-3.83), P = 0.01], with a graded relation between HDs and cumulative events (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION MHDS is common in CHF and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization, representing a promising therapeutic target. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT023358017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari 'A Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Telese BN, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Heart Transplantation Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele Masarone
- Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cimellaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Olga Vriz
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Castello
- Division of General Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michela Campo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro A Modesti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines P Monte
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ballotta
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Gargiulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery Department, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kim A Eagle
- Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hector O Ventura
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alberto M Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy.,Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Thoraxclinic at Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Italian Clinical Outcome Research and Reporting Program (I-CORRP), Naples, Italy.,Cardiology Division, A Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
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Salzano A, D'Assante R, Israr MZ, Eltayeb M, D'Agostino A, Bernieh D, De Luca M, Rega S, Ranieri B, Mauro C, Bossone E, Squire IB, Suzuki T, Marra AM. Biomarkers in Heart Failure: Clinical Insights. Heart Fail Clin 2021; 17:223-243. [PMID: 33673947 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN Nuclear and Diagnostic Research Institute, Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed Eltayeb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna D'Agostino
- IRCCS SDN Nuclear and Diagnostic Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Dennis Bernieh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mariarosaria De Luca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rega
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Brigida Ranieri
- IRCCS SDN Nuclear and Diagnostic Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Mauro
- AORN A Cardarelli, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- AORN A Cardarelli, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Naples, Italy
| | - Iain B Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alberto M Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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16
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D'Assante R, Arcopinto M, Rengo G, Salzano A, Walser M, Gambino G, Monti MG, Bencivenga L, Marra AM, Åberg DN, De Vincentiis C, Ballotta A, Bossone E, Isgaard J, Cittadini A. Myocardial expression of somatotropic axis, adrenergic signalling, and calcium handling genes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1681-1686. [PMID: 33512777 PMCID: PMC8006736 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Limited data are available regarding cardiac expression of molecules involved in heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. The majority of the studies have focused on end‐stage HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) without comparison with healthy subjects, while no data are available with regard to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a condition whose multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are still not fully defined, with many proposed hypotheses remaining speculative due to limited access to human heart tissue. This study aimed at evaluating cardiac expression levels of key genes of interest in human biopsy samples from patients affected with HFrEF and HFpEF in order to possibly point out distinct phenotypes. Methods and results Total RNA was extracted from left ventricular cardiac biopsies collected from stable patients with HFrEF (n = 6) and HFpEF (n = 7) and healthy subjects (n = 9) undergoing elective cardiac surgery for valvular replacement, mitral valvuloplasty, aortic surgery, or coronary artery bypass. Real‐time PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in somatotropic axis regulation [IGF‐1, IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R), and GH receptor (GHR)], in adrenergic signalling (GRK2, GRK5, ADRB1, and ADRB2), in myocardial calcium handling (SERCA2), and in TNF‐α. Patients with HFrEF and HFpEF showed reduced serum IGF‐1 circulating levels when compared with controls (102 ± 35.6, 138 ± 11.5, and 160 ± 13.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001, respectively). At myocardial level, HFrEF showed significant decreased GHR and increased IGF‐1R expressions when compared with HFpEF and controls (0.54 ± 0.27, 0.94 ± 0.25, and 0.84 ± 0.2, P < 0.05 and 1.52 ± 0.9, 1.06 ± 0.21, and 0.72 ± 0.12, P < 0.05, respectively), while no differences in the local expression of IGF‐1 mRNA were detected among the groups (0.80 ± 0.45, 0.97 ± 0.18, and 0.63 ± 0.23, P = 0.09, respectively). With regard to calcium handling and adrenergic signalling, HFrEF displayed significant decreased levels of SERCA2 (0.19 ± 0.39, 0.82 ± 0.15, and 0.87 ± 0.32, P < 0.01) and increased levels of GRK2 (3.45 ± 2.94, 0.93 ± 0.12, and 0.80 ± 0.14, P < 0.01) and GRK5 (1.32 ± 0.70, 0.71 ± 0.14, and 0.77 ± 0.15, P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in ADRB1 (0.66 ± 0.4, 0.83 ± 0.3, and 0.86 ± 0.4) and ADRB2 mRNA expression (0.65 ± 0.3, 0.66 ± 0.2, and 0.68 ± 0.1) when compared with HFpEF and controls. Finally, no changes in the local expression of TNF‐α were detected among groups. Conclusions Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and HFpEF patients with stable clinical condition display a distinct molecular milieu of genes involved in somatotropic axis regulation, calcium handling, and adrenergic derangement at a myocardial level. The unique opportunity to compare these results with a control group, as reference population, may contribute to better understand HF pathophysiology and to identify novel potential therapeutic targets that could be modulated to improve ventricular function in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB) - IRCCS - Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Marion Walser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Maria Gaia Monti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Alberto M Marra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - David N Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlo De Vincentiis
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballotta
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Division of Cardiology, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Jörgen Isgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, 80138, Italy
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17
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Stienen S, Ferreira JP, Kobayashi M, Preud'homme G, Dobre D, Machu JL, Duarte K, Bresso E, Devignes MD, López N, Girerd N, Aakhus S, Ambrosio G, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Fontes-Carvalho R, Fraser AG, van Heerebeek L, Heymans S, de Keulenaer G, Marino P, McDonald K, Mebazaa A, Papp Z, Raddino R, Tschöpe C, Paulus WJ, Zannad F, Rossignol P. Enhanced clinical phenotyping by mechanistic bioprofiling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the MEDIA-DHF study (The Metabolic Road to Diastolic Heart Failure). Biomarkers 2020; 25:201-211. [PMID: 32063068 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1727015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome for which clear evidence of effective therapies is lacking. Understanding which factors determine this heterogeneity may be helped by better phenotyping. An unsupervised statistical approach applied to a large set of biomarkers may identify distinct HFpEF phenotypes.Methods: Relevant proteomic biomarkers were analyzed in 392 HFpEF patients included in Metabolic Road to Diastolic HF (MEDIA-DHF). We performed an unsupervised cluster analysis to define distinct phenotypes. Cluster characteristics were explored with logistic regression. The association between clusters and 1-year cardiovascular (CV) death and/or CV hospitalization was studied using Cox regression.Results: Based on 415 biomarkers, we identified 2 distinct clusters. Clinical variables associated with cluster 2 were diabetes, impaired renal function, loop diuretics and/or betablockers. In addition, 17 biomarkers were higher expressed in cluster 2 vs. 1. Patients in cluster 2 vs. those in 1 experienced higher rates of CV death/CV hospitalization (adj. HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.12-3.32, p = 0.017). Complex-network analyses linked these biomarkers to immune system activation, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolism.Conclusion: Unsupervised machine-learning algorithms applied to a wide range of biomarkers identified 2 HFpEF clusters with different CV phenotypes and outcomes. The identified pathways may provide a basis for future research.Clinical significanceMore insight is obtained in the mechanisms related to poor outcome in HFpEF patients since it was demonstrated that biomarkers associated with the high-risk cluster were related to the immune system, signal transduction cascades, cell interactions and metabolismBiomarkers (and pathways) identified in this study may help select high-risk HFpEF patients which could be helpful for the inclusion/exclusion of patients in future trials.Our findings may be the basis of investigating therapies specifically targeting these pathways and the potential use of corresponding markers potentially identifying patients with distinct mechanistic bioprofiles most likely to respond to the selected mechanistically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Stienen
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Masatake Kobayashi
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Gregoire Preud'homme
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Daniela Dobre
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.,Clinical research and Investigation Unit, Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, Laxou, France
| | - Jean-Loup Machu
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Kevin Duarte
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Bresso
- Equipe CAPSID, LORIA (CNRS, Inria NGE, Université de Lorraine), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Natalia López
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,ISB, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit (UnIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan G Fraser
- Wales Heart Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Loek van Heerebeek
- Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gilles de Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Antwerp University, and ZNA Hartcentrum, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paolo Marino
- Clinical Cardiology, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Kenneth McDonald
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, St Michael's Hospital Dun Laoghaire Co. Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis and Lariboisière University Hospitals and INSERM UMR-S 942, Paris, France
| | - Zoltàn Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Riccardo Raddino
- Department of Cardiology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, C, Harite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health - Center for Regenerative Therapies (BIH-BCRT), and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK; Berlin partner site), Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Faiez Zannad
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), INSERM U1116, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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19
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Mancini A, Fuvuzzi AMR, Bruno C, Nicolazzi MA, Vergani E, Ciferri N, Silvestrini A, Meucci E, Nicolotti N, D'Assante R, Cittadini A. Anabolic Hormone Deficiencies in Heart Failure with Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction and Correlation with Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:5798146. [PMID: 32411227 PMCID: PMC7199626 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5798146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While anabolic hormone deficit is a common finding in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), few data are available in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). METHODS Blood samples were collected for metabolic (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose) and hormonal (IGF-1, DHEA-S, TSH, fT3, fT4, and T) determination, comparing 30 patients with HFpEF and 20 patients with HFrEF. Total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using the spectrophotometric method using the latency time in the appearance of the radical species of a chromogen (LAG, sec) as a parameter proportional to antioxidant content of the sample. Echocardiographic parameters were also assessed in the two groups. RESULTS A high prevalence of testosterone (32% in HFrEF and 72% in HFpEF, p < 0.05) and DHEA-S deficiencies was observed in HFpEF patients. Echocardiographic parameters did not correlate with hormone values. A significant direct correlation between T (r 2 = 0.25, p < 0.05) and DHEA-S (r 2 = 0.19, p < 0.05) with LAG was observed only in HFpEF. CONCLUSION Anabolic hormone deficiency is clearly shown in HFpEF, as already known in HFrEF. Although longitudinal studies are required to confirm the prognostic value of this observation, our data suggest different mechanisms in modulating antioxidants in the two conditions, with possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Rita Fuvuzzi
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Nicolazzi
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nunzia Ciferri
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meucci
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Nicolotti
- Medical Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Bruno C, Silvestrini A, Calarco R, Favuzzi AMR, Vergani E, Nicolazzi MA, d'Abate C, Meucci E, Mordente A, Landolfi R, Mancini A. Anabolic Hormones Deficiencies in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Prevalence and Impact on Antioxidants Levels and Myocardial Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:281. [PMID: 32477267 PMCID: PMC7235369 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, catabolic mechanisms have a strong negative impact on mortality and morbidity. The relationship between anabolic hormonal deficiency and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has still been poorly investigated. On the other hand, oxidative stress is recognized as a player in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. Therefore, we performed a cohort study in HFpEF aimed to (1) define the multi-hormonal deficiency prevalence in HFpEF patients; (2) investigate the relationships between hormonal deficiencies and echocardiographic indexes; (3) explore the modulatory activity of anabolic hormones on antioxidant systems. Methods: 84 patients with diagnosis of HFpEF were enrolled in the study. Plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid pattern, insulin-like growth factor-1, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), total testosterone (T, only in male subjects) were evaluated. Hormonal deficiencies were defined according to T.O.S.C.A. multi-centric study, as previously published. An echocardiographic evaluation was performed. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the system metmyoglobin -H2O2 and the chromogen ABTS, whose radical form is spectroscopically revealed; latency time (LAG) in the appearance of ABTS• is proportional to antioxidants in sample. Results: Multiple deficiencies were discovered. DHEA-S deficiency in 87% of patients, IGF-1 in 67% of patients, T in 42%. Patients with DHEA-S deficiency showed lower levels of TAC expressed by LAG (mean ± SEM 91.25 ± 9.34 vs. 75.22 ± 4.38 s; p < 0.05). No differences between TAC in patients with or without IGF-1 deficiency were found. A trend toward high level of TAC in patients without hormonal deficiencies compared with patients with one or multiple deficiencies was found. Regarding echocardiographic parameters, Left Atrial and Left Atrial Volume Index were significantly higher in patients with low IGF-1 values (mean ± SD 90.84 ± 3.86 vs. 72.83 ± 3.78 mL; 51.03 ± 2.33 vs. 40.56 ± 2.46 mL/m2, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed high prevalence of anabolic deficiencies in HFpEF. DHEA-S seems to influence antioxidant levels; IGF-1 deficiency was associated with alteration in parameters of myocardial structure and dysfunction. These data suggest a role of anabolic hormones in the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of HFpEF and could represent the basis for longitudinal studies and investigations on possible benefits of replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Bruno
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrea Silvestrini
| | - Rodolfo Calarco
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela M. R. Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Nicolazzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia d'Abate
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meucci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alvaro Mordente
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario a Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Antonio Mancini
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Salzano A, Marra AM, Arcopinto M, D'Assante R, Triggiani V, Coscioni E, Pasquali D, Rengo G, Suzuki T, Bossone E, Cittadini A. Combined effects of growth hormone and testosterone replacement treatment in heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2019; 6:1216-1221. [PMID: 31696666 PMCID: PMC6989300 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Although preliminary studies have demonstrated safety and effectiveness of single replacement therapy for growth hormone deficiency or testosterone deficiency in heart failure (HF), no data are available regarding the combined treatment with both GH and T in this setting. Thus, the aim of the present hypothesis generating pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multiple hormonal replacement therapies in chronic HF. Methods and results Five stable HF with reduced ejection fraction patients, with a concomitant diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency and testosterone deficiency, on top of guideline‐based HF treatment underwent 1 year of GH replacement therapy by subcutaneous injections of somatotropin at a dose of 0.012 mg/kg every second day. After 12 months, a T replacement treatment was added at a dosage of 1000 mg every 3 months. Each patient underwent a complete M‐mode, two‐dimensional, and Doppler echocardiographic examination, and an incremental symptom‐limited cardiopulmonary exercise test on a bicycle ergometer at baseline (BL), after 1 year of GH treatment (V1), and after 1 year of combined GH + T treatments (V2). One‐year of GH treatment resulted in a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (+5.4%, P < 0.01), New York Heart Association functional class (P < 0.05), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) (+19.3%, P < 0.01), and in a significant reduction in NT‐proBNP levels (−35.1%, P < 0.01). Notably, one additional year of combined GH and T replacement therapy induced a further increase in VO2 peak (+27.7%, final delta change + 52.44%, P < 0.01), as well as a significant improvement in muscular strength, as assessed by handgrip dynamometry (+17.5%, final delta change + 25.8%, P < 0.01). These beneficial effects were paralleled with an improvement of the overall clinical status (as assessed by New York Heart Association class). Of note, neither adverse effects nor cardiovascular events were reported during the follow‐up period. Conclusions Our preliminary data suggest for the first time that combined replacement therapy with GH and T could be considered safe and therapeutic in HF patients with multiple hormone deficiencies, supporting the hypothesis that multiple hormone deficiencies syndrome can be considered as a novel and promising therapeutic target in HF. Further studies with a more robust design and larger population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto M Marra
- IRCCS SDN, Diagnostic and Nuclear Research Institute, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine & Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine & Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology, and Rare Diseases, University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- Department 'Cuore', University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Rungi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department of Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Sciences, Endocrinology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine & Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine & Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (CRIB), Naples, Italy
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D'Assante R, Napoli R, Salzano A, Pozza C, Marra AM, Arcopinto M, Perruolo G, Milano S, Formisano P, Saldamarco L, Cirillo P, Cittadini A. Human heart shifts from IGF-1 production to utilization with chronic heart failure. Endocrine 2019; 65:714-716. [PMID: 31267324 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine, Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini n. 5, Bld. 18, 1st floor, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine, Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini n. 5, Bld. 18, 1st floor, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine, Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini n. 5, Bld. 18, 1st floor, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Emergency Department, A Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine, Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini n. 5, Bld. 18, 1st floor, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Salvatore Milano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CoreLab, AOUP "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine, Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini n. 5, Bld. 18, 1st floor, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine, Metabolism & Rehabilitation, Federico II University of Naples, Via S. Pansini n. 5, Bld. 18, 1st floor, Naples, 80131, Italy.
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Gargiulo P, Paolillo S, Ferrazzano F, Prastaro M, La Mura L, De Roberto AM, Diana G, Dell'Aversana S, Contiello C, Vozzella MC, Bardi L, Marsico F. Prognostic Value of Hormonal Abnormalities in Heart Failure Patients. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:371-375. [PMID: 31079695 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The model used to explain the pathophysiologic substrate and progressive worsening in chronic heart failure (CHF) is based on the hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenergic pathway. Although the neurohormonal medical approach has many advantages, it has several pitfalls, as demonstrated by high rates of CHF mortality and hospitalization. A growing body of evidence has led to the hypothesis that CHF is a multiple hormone deficiency syndrome, characterized by a reduced anabolic drive that has relevant functional and prognostic implications. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence of reduced drive of main anabolic axes in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Ferrazzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Prastaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia La Mura
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria De Roberto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Diana
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Dell'Aversana
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Contiello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vozzella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Bardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Marsico
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Salzano A, D'Assante R, Lander M, Arcopinto M, Bossone E, Suzuki T, Cittadini A. Hormonal Replacement Therapy in Heart Failure: Focus on Growth Hormone and Testosterone. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:377-391. [PMID: 31079696 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence led to the hypothesis that heart failure (HF) could be considered a multiple hormone deficiency syndrome. Deficiencies in the main anabolic axes cannot be considered as mere epiphenomena, are very common in HF, and are clearly associated with poor cardiovascular performance and outcomes. Growth hormone deficiency and testosterone deficiency play a pivotal role and the replacement treatment is an innovative therapy that should be considered. This article appraises the current evidence regarding growth hormone and testosterone deficiencies in HF and reviews novel findings about the treatment of these conditions in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80138, Italy
| | | | - Mark Lander
- Department of Acute Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80138, Italy; Emergency Department, A Cardarelli Hospital, Via Cardarelli 9, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Cardiology Division, A Cardarelli Hospital, Via Cardarelli 9, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80138, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (CRIB), Piazzale Tecchio 80, Naples 80125, Italy.
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26
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Arcopinto M, Schiavo A, Salzano A, Bossone E, D'Assante R, Marsico F, Demelo-Rodriguez P, Baliga RR, Cittadini A, Marra AM. Metabolic Syndrome in Heart Failure: Friend or Foe? Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:349-358. [PMID: 31079693 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and heart failure (HF) is intricate. Population studies show that MetS confers an increased risk to develop HF and this effect is mediated by insulin resistance (IR). However, obesity, a key component in MetS and common partner of IR, is protective in patients with established HF, although IR confers an increased risk of dying by HF. Such phenomenon, known as "obesity paradox," accounts for the complexity of the HF-MetS relationship. Because IR impacts more on outcomes than MetS itself, the former may be considered the actual target for MetS in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Schiavo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Cardiology Division, A Cardarelli Hospital, Via Antonio Cardarelli 9, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80142 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Marsico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Congenital Heart Disease, University Hospital "Inselspital," University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Demelo-Rodriguez
- Venous Thromboembolism Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ragavendra R Baliga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (CRIB), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto M Marra
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80142 Naples, Italy.
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27
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Salzano A, Marra AM, D’Assante R, Arcopinto M, Bossone E, Suzuki T, Cittadini A. Biomarkers and Imaging. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:321-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Biomarkers in Heart Failure and Associated Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:8768624. [PMID: 30881524 PMCID: PMC6383412 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8768624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Salzano A, Marra AM, D’Assante R, Arcopinto M, Suzuki T, Bossone E, Cittadini A. Growth Hormone Therapy in Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin 2018; 14:501-515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Bossone E, Arcopinto M, Iacoviello M, Triggiani V, Cacciatore F, Maiello C, Limongelli G, Masarone D, Perticone F, Sciacqua A, Perrone-Filardi P, Mancini A, Volterrani M, Vriz O, Castello R, Passantino A, Campo M, Modesti PA, De Giorgi A, Monte I, Puzzo A, Ballotta A, Caliendo L, D'Assante R, Marra AM, Salzano A, Suzuki T, Cittadini A. Multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome in chronic heart failure: rationale, design, and demographic characteristics of the T.O.S.CA. Registry. Intern Emerg Med 2018; 13:661-671. [PMID: 29619769 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence supports the concept that progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) depends upon an imbalance of catabolic forces over the anabolic drive. In this regard, multiple hormonal deficiency syndrome (MHDS) significantly has impacts upon CHF progression, and is associated with a worse clinical status and increased mortality. The T.O.S.CA. (Trattamento Ormonale nello Scompenso CArdiaco; Hormone Therapy in Heart Failure) Registry (clinicaltrial.gov = NCT02335801) tests the hypothesis that anabolic deficiencies reduce survival in a large population of mild-to-moderate CHF patients. The T.O.S.CA. Registry is a prospective multicenter observational study coordinated by "Federico II" University of Naples, and involves 19 centers situated throughout Italy. Thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor-1, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone , and insulin are measured at baseline and every year for a patient-average follow-up of 3 years. Subjects with CHF are divided into two groups: patients with one or no anabolic deficiency, and patients with two or more anabolic deficiencies at baseline. The primary endpoint is the composite of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization. Secondary endpoints include the composite of all-cause mortality and hospitalization, the composite of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization, and change of VO2 peak. Patient enrollment started in April 2013, and was completed in July 2017. Demographics and main clinical characteristics of enrolled patients are provided in this article. Detailed cross-sectional results will be available in late 2018. The T.O.S.CA. Registry represents the most robust prospective observational trial on MHDS in the field of CHF. The study findings will advance our knowledge with regard to the intimate mechanisms of CHF progression and hopefully pave the way for future randomized clinical trials of single or multiple hormonal replacement therapies in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bossone
- Heart Department, Cardiology Division, "Cava de' Tirreni and Amalfi Coast" Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Iacoviello
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - V Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - F Cacciatore
- Heart Transplantation Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - C Maiello
- Heart Transplantation Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - G Limongelli
- Division of Cardiology SUN, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - D Masarone
- Division of Cardiology SUN, Monaldi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - F Perticone
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Sciacqua
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - P Perrone-Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - A Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M Volterrani
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - O Vriz
- Heart Center Department, King Faisal Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Castello
- Division of General Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - A Passantino
- Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy
| | - M Campo
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - P A Modesti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - A De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Monte
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A Puzzo
- IRCSS. Oasi Maria SS, Troina, Italy
| | - A Ballotta
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caliendo
- Ospedale Santa Maria della Pietà, Nola, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - A Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - A Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Salzano A, D'Assante R, Heaney LM, Monaco F, Rengo G, Valente P, Pasquali D, Bossone E, Gianfrilli D, Lenzi A, Cittadini A, Marra AM, Napoli R. Klinefelter syndrome, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes: review of literature and clinical perspectives. Endocrine 2018; 61:194-203. [PMID: 29572708 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Klinefelter syndrome (KS), the most frequent chromosomic abnormality in males, is associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The mechanisms involved in increasing risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are not completely understood. This review summarises the current understandings of the complex relationship between KS, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in order to plan future studies and improve current strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for manuscripts published prior to November 2017 using key words "Klinefelter syndrome" AND "insulin resistance" OR "metabolic syndrome" OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "cardiovascular disease" OR "testosterone". Manuscripts were collated, studied and carried forward for discussion where appropriate. RESULTS Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes are more frequently diagnosed in KS than in the general population; however, the contribution of hypogonadism to metabolic derangement is highly controversial. Whether this dangerous combination of risk factors fully explains the CVD burden of KS patients remains unclear. In addition, testosterone replacement therapy only exerts a marginal action on the CVD system. CONCLUSION Since fat accumulation and distribution seem to play a relevant role in triggering metabolic abnormalities, an early diagnosis and a tailored intervention strategy with drugs aimed at targeting excessive visceral fat deposition appear necessary in patients with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Liam M Heaney
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Valente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department of Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Science, Endocrinology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
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Navarro-Peñalver M, Perez-Martinez MT, Gómez-Bueno M, García-Pavía P, Lupón-Rosés J, Roig-Minguell E, Comin-Colet J, Bayes-Genis A, Noguera JA, Pascual-Figal DA. Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Deficient Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:543-550. [PMID: 29929385 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418784020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone deficiency is associated with heart failure (HF) progression and poor prognosis. Testosterone therapy has been shown to improve exercise capacity in patients with chronic HF, but no trial has evaluated the impact of replacement in patients with demonstrated testosterone deficiency. METHODS Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and parallel-group trial comparing testosterone replacement with placebo in males with chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and testosterone deficiency (NCT01813201). Long-acting undecanoate testosterone at a fixed dose of 1000 mg was supplied by intramuscular injection at inclusion and then every 3 months. The placebo group received isotonic saline serum. Patients were randomly allocated 1:1 to testosterone or placebo while receiving optimal medical therapy, and the study was conducted for 12 months. RESULTS The final sample comprised 29 patients, 15 in the placebo group and 14 in the testosterone group (aged 65 ± 8, 62% with an ischemic etiology, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 30% ± 6%, 69% New York Heart Association functional [NYHA II]). After 12 months, testosterone replacement increased testosterone levels ( P = .002) but was not associated with benefit in terms of clinical symptoms and functional capacity including NYHA class, Framingham score, Minnesota Living Heart Failure Questionnaire, 6-minute walk test, or LVEF and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. No significant side effects associated with testosterone treatment were observed. No effects were found in other hormonal, metabolic, and bone turnover biomarkers. CONCLUSION In patients with HFrEF and testosterone deficiency, replacement therapy was not associated with any significant improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Gómez-Bueno
- 2 Hospital Universitario Puerta del Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,3 CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- 2 Hospital Universitario Puerta del Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,3 CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Lupón-Rosés
- 4 Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,5 Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- 3 CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,4 Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose A Noguera
- 5 Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Domingo A Pascual-Figal
- 3 CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,8 Department of Cardiology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Marra AM, Bobbio E, D'Assante R, Salzano A, Arcopinto M, Bossone E, Cittadini A. Growth Hormone as Biomarker in Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin 2018; 14:65-74. [PMID: 29153202 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The impairment of growth hormone (GH)/insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1) plays a crucial role in chronic heart failure (CHF). Several studies have shown that patients affected by this condition display a more aggressive disease, with impaired functional capacity and poor outcomes. Interestingly, GH replacement therapy represents a possible future therapeutic option in CHF. In this review, the authors focus on the assessment of the main abnormalities in GH/IGF-1 axis in CHF, the underlying molecular background, and their impact on disease progression and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Bobbio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road LE3 9QP, Leicester, UK
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Heart Department, University Hospital Salerno, Via Enrico de Marinis, 84013 Cava de' Tirreni SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (CRIB), Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Multiple hormone deficiency syndrome: a novel topic in chronic heart failure. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO311. [PMID: 30057788 PMCID: PMC6060397 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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