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Szerman N, Basurte-Villamor I, Vega P, Mesías B, Martínez-Raga J, Ferre F, Arango C. Is there such a thing as gambling dual disorder? Preliminary evidence and clinical profiles. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 66:78-91. [PMID: 36516511 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with gambling disorder (GD) frequently present other mental disorders, such as substance use disorder (SUDs), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mood disorders, and impulse-control disorders. We propose that GD should not be conceptualized as a single nosological entity, but rather as a gambling dual disorder (GDD). This study aims to provide further evidence of the co-occurrence of GD and other mental disorders in routine clinical practice and to identify different clinical profiles of severity. This descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study included 116 patients with GD who were undergoing treatment in a specialized center. The MULTICAGE-CAD 4 and South Oaks gambling screen questionnaires confirmed the presence of GD in 97.4% and 100% of the patients, respectively. Other addictive behaviors such as compulsive spending, Internet, video games, or SUD (59.5%, 27.6%, 11.2%, and 13.8%, respectively) were also identified. The most used substances were tobacco (42.2%) and alcohol (5.2%). Half of the patients suffered from ADHD, 30.2% showed moderate or severe depression, and 17.2% suffered from a social anxiety problem. The majority (76.7%) also presented a phenotype with high impulsiveness. The cluster analysis identified two different clinical profiles of severity in patients with GDD. One profile showed higher severity of other mental disorders (ADHD, depression, anxiety, SUD, or insomnia), impulsivity, general psychopathological burden, and disability. In conclusion, our study provides further evidence on the co-occurrence of GD and other mental disorders supporting the GDD existence, shows impulsiveness as a vulnerability factor for GD, and identifies two clinical severity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Szerman
- WADD and WPA Section Dual Disorders, Mental Health and Psychiatric Institute, Gregorio Marañon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Basurte-Villamor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Clínica López Ibor, Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Vega
- Institute for Addictions, Madrid Salud, Madrid City Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mesías
- Institute for Addictions, Madrid Salud, Madrid City Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martínez-Raga
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset & University of Valencia
| | - Francisco Ferre
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERSAM, Spain
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2
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Antón-Toro LF, Bruña R, Del Cerro-León A, Shpakivska D, Mateos-Gordo P, Porras-Truque C, García-Gómez R, Maestú F, García-Moreno LM. Electrophysiological resting-state hyperconnectivity and poorer behavioural regulation as predisposing profiles of adolescent binge drinking. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13199. [PMID: 35754100 PMCID: PMC9286401 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent Binge Drinking (BD) has become an increasing health and social concern, with detrimental consequences for brain development and functional integrity. However, research on neurophysiological and neuropsychological traits predisposing to BD are limited at this time. In this work, we conducted a 2‐year longitudinal magnetoencephalography (MEG) study over a cohort of initially alcohol‐naïve adolescents with the purpose of exploring anomalies in resting‐state electrophysiological networks, impulsivity, sensation‐seeking, and dysexecutive behaviour able to predict future BD patterns. In a sample of 67 alcohol‐naïve adolescents (age = 14.5 ± 0.9), we measured resting‐state activity using MEG. Additionally, we evaluated their neuropsychological traits using self‐report ecological scales (BIS‐11, SSS‐V, BDEFS, BRIEF‐SR and DEX). In a second evaluation, 2 years later, we measured participant's alcohol consumption, sub‐dividing the original sample in two groups: future binge drinkers (22 individuals, age 14.6 ± 0.8; eight females) and future light/no drinkers (17 individuals, age 14.5 ± 0.8; eight females). Then, we searched for differences predating alcohol BD intake. We found abnormalities in MEG resting state, in a form of gamma band hyperconnectivity, in those adolescents who transitioned into BD years later. Furthermore, they showed higher impulsivity, dysexecutive behaviours and sensation seeking, positively correlated with functional connectivity (FC). Sensation seeking and impulsivity mainly predicted BD severity in the future, while the relationship between dysexecutive trait and FC with future BD was mediated by sensation seeking. These findings shed light to electrophysiological and neuropsychological traits of vulnerability towards alcohol consumption. We hypothesise that these differences may rely on divergent neurobiological development of inhibitory neurotransmission pathways and executive prefrontal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Antón-Toro
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Department of Radiology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Del Cerro-León
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Danylyna Shpakivska
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mateos-Gordo
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Porras-Truque
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Gómez
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Moreno
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Examining the DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder Criteria in Filipino Gamers: a Factor- and Person-Centered Approach. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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4
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Khemiri L, Brynte C, Konstenius M, Guterstam J, Rosendahl I, Franck J, Jayaram-Lindström N. Self-rated impulsivity in healthy individuals, substance use disorder and ADHD: psychometric properties of the Swedish Barratt impulsiveness scale. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34537043 PMCID: PMC8449879 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is associated with several psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A widely used questionnaire to assess impulsivity is the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and the aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the BIS (swe-BIS). METHODS The original BIS was translated to Swedish and back-translated by an authorized translator. The swe-BIS was administered to healthy controls (n = 113), patients with alcohol use disorder (n = 97), amphetamine use disorder (n = 37) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD; n = 26). A subset of subjects (n = 62) completed the swe-BIS twice within 1 week. Psychometric evaluation of the swe-BIS included assessment of different indices of reliability (internal consistency, test-retest and agreement) and validity (response processess, divergent and convergent). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to assess several indices of model fit in five different models based on previously suggested subscales. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha for all swe-BIS items in the full sample was 0.89, ranging from 0.78-0.87 within the different subgroups. The Pearson test-retest correlation for total score was 0.78 (p < 0.001), with greater test-retest correlations within compared to across different subscales. The Bland-Altman plot indicated high level of agreement between test and retest. The healthy individuals had lower swe-BIS score compared to the patients (t(267.3) = - 8.6; p < 0.001), and the swe-BIS total score was also significantly different between each of the four participant groups (p < 0.01 for all group comparisons). Furthermore, swe-BIS had greater correlations with impulsivity related scales compared to non-impulsivity related scales. The CFA analyses indicated that while no suggested model showed an optimal fit, the best model fit indices was found for the 3-factor model. CONCLUSIONS The swe-BIS was found to have good to excellent psychometric properties with respect to the assessed indices of reliability and validity, supporting use of the scale in clinical research in both healthy individuals and patients with SUD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christoffer Brynte
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maija Konstenius
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joar Guterstam
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingvar Rosendahl
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Franck
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- grid.467087.a0000 0004 0442 1056Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Norra Stationsgatan 69, floor 7, 113 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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Royuela-Colomer E, Fernández-González L, Orue I. Longitudinal Associations between Internalizing Symptoms, Dispositional Mindfulness, Rumination and Impulsivity in Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2067-2078. [PMID: 34244923 PMCID: PMC8416885 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness has been associated with fewer negative mental health symptoms during adolescence, but fewer studies have examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms in conjunction with two vulnerability factors for psychopathology with mindfulness: rumination and impulsivity. This study examined longitudinal associations between internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity over a one-year period among 352 Spanish adolescents (57.4% girls; M = 14.47, SD = 1.34). Participants completed self-reported measures of symptoms, mindfulness, rumination, and impulsivity at two time points. Mindfulness negatively predicted stress and depressive symptoms, and a bidirectional negative association was found between mindfulness and impulsivity. Impulsivity positively predicted stress, and anxiety positively predicted depressive symptoms, stress, and rumination. This study highlights the importance of mindfulness as a protective factor and impulsivity and anxiety as risk factors for internalizing symptoms throughout adolescence. These findings build on previous studies that examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and symptoms by including rumination and impulsivity’s roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Liria Fernández-González
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Izaskun Orue
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Kapitány-Fövény M, Urbán R, Varga G, Potenza MN, Griffiths MD, Szekely A, Paksi B, Kun B, Farkas J, Kökönyei G, Demetrovics Z. The 21-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-21): An alternative three-factor model. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:225-246. [PMID: 32609636 PMCID: PMC8939423 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples. METHODS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765). RESULTS Analyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model. DISCUSSION The new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail: Tel.: +36 20 522 1850
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling and Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna Szekely
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Institute of Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadette Kun
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Neurocognitive Impairment and Personality Traits in Alcohol Addiction: Effect of Dual Pathology. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Individual Variables Involved in Perceived Pressure for Adolescent Drinking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062012. [PMID: 32197475 PMCID: PMC7143341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a stage when individuals are especially vulnerable to the influence of their peer group, which could lead to the development of problematic behavior, such as drinking alcohol, due to perceived pressure. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of self-esteem, impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity and expectations for use under perceived pressure to drink alcohol among young people. METHODS The sample was made up of 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18, with a mean age of 15.11. The Bayes factor and mediation models were estimated to evaluate the data. RESULTS The results showed the existence of a positive relationship of impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity and expectations for use with perceived pressure. However, this relationship was negative with self-esteem and perception of pressure to drink alcohol. Furthermore, the model results showed that self-esteem mediates the relationship between physical, cognitive and social anxiety sensitivity and positive expectations with perceived pressure to drink alcohol in adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Given the strong need for affiliation during youth, it is hard to control grouping and peer influence on drinking behavior. However, knowledge of the role of individual variables, such as those described here, in perceived pressure could improve the prevention and intervention of such behaviors.
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Dal Santo F, Carballo JJ, Velasco A, Jiménez-Treviño L, Rodríguez-Revuelta J, Martínez-Cao C, Caro-Cañizares I, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Menéndez-Miranda I, González-Blanco L, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J, Sáiz PA. The Mediating Role of Impulsivity in the Relationship Between Suicidal Behavior and Early Traumatic Experiences in Depressed Subjects. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:538172. [PMID: 33240115 PMCID: PMC7683571 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.538172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Depressed patients with early traumatic experiences may represent a clinically and biologically distinct subtype, with worse clinical outcomes and greater risk of suicide. Since early traumatic experiences alter development of systems that regulate the stress response, increasing sensitivity to stress and mood disorders later in life, certain personality features may influence coping strategies, putting individuals with depression and a history of early traumatic experiences at greater risk of suicidal behavior. Objective: To determine whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between early traumatic experiences and suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The total sample consists of 190 patients [mean age (SD) = 53.71 (10.37); females: 66.3%], with current MDD (DSM-5 criteria). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood and adulthood adverse life events and impulsivity, respectively. We developed mediation models by bootstrap sampling methods. Results: Eighty-one (42.6%) patients had a history of previous suicide attempts (SA). CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total scores were significantly higher in MDD patients with previous SA. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between the CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total, CTQ-SF-Total and HDRS-Total, and BIS-11-Total and HDRS-Total scores. Regression models found that CTQ-SF-Total, BIS-11-Total, and HDRS-Total scores were associated with SA. Mediation analyses further revealed the association between CTQ-SF-Total and SA was mediated by the indirect effect of the BIS-11-Total score (b = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.015), after statistically controlling for sex, the HDRS-Total, and the LTE-Total. Discussion: Data suggest that impulsivity could mediate the influence of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior. This will help understand the role of risk factors in suicidal behavior and aid in the development of prevention interventions focused on modifiable mediators when risk factors are non-modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dal Santo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan José Carballo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Velasco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Jiménez-Treviño
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Rodríguez-Revuelta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Irene Caro-Cañizares
- Department of Psychiatry, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena de la Fuente-Tomás
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Menéndez-Miranda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mª Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias, SESPA, Oviedo, Spain
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Gómez P, Feijóo S, Braña T, Varela J, Rial A. Minors and Online Gambling: Prevalence and Related Variables. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:735-745. [PMID: 31848836 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Substantial access to the Internet by minors has brought about consequences that are not always positive. The increase of online gambling or betting is one of those. Although in most cases online gambling by minors does not result in a disorder, it does imply a higher probability of developing a gambling disorder in adulthood, and it can cause economic, family, school and social problems. The aim of this study, carried out in the Galician region of Spain with a sample of 3772 students aged between 12 and 17 years, was to estimate the prevalence of online gambling in minors; to characterize the profile of online gamblers; to explore the differences in Internet and smartphone usage habits, online risky practices, problematic Internet use and parental involvement between online gamblers and non-online gamblers; and to analyse the relation between online gambling and academic performance. The results revealed that 6.5% of Galician adolescents are online gamblers, a figure that has more than tripled over seven years. 9 out of 10 online gamblers are male, and their mean age is 15. Online gamblers had significantly higher rates of problematic Internet use, active sexting, cyberbullying, or contacting strangers through the Internet. Furthermore, online gamblers had higher scores on impulsiveness, lower scores on assertiveness, and were lacking parental control. These data show that online gambling is not an isolated problem, so prevention should be understood in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gómez
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sandra Feijóo
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Braña
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Varela
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Rial
- Consumer and User Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Chicchi Giglioli IA, Bermejo Vidal C, Alcañiz Raya M. A Virtual Versus an Augmented Reality Cooking Task Based-Tools: A Behavioral and Physiological Study on the Assessment of Executive Functions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2529. [PMID: 31798497 PMCID: PMC6868091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are two novel graphics immersive techniques (GIT) that, in the last decade, have been attracting the attention of many researchers, especially in psychological research. VR can provide 3D real-life synthetic environments in which controllers allow human interaction. AR overlays synthetic elements to the real world and the human gaze to target allow hand gesture to act with synthetic elements. Both techniques are providing more ecologically environments than traditional methods, and most of the previous researches, on one side, have more focused on the use of VR for treatment and assessment showing positive effectiveness results. On the other, AR has been proving for the treatment of specific disorders but there are no studies that investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of AR in the neuropsychological assessment. Starting from these premises, the present study aimed to compare the performance and sense of presence using both techniques during an ecological task, such as cooking. The study included 50 cognitively healthy subjects. The cooking task consisted of four levels that increased in difficulty. As the level increased, additional activities appeared. The order of presentation of each exposure condition (AR and VR) was counterbalanced for each participant. The VR-cooking task has been performed through "HTC/VIVE" and AR through "Microsoft HoloLens." Furthermore, the study recorded and compared the psychophysiological changes [heart rate and skin conductance response (SCR)] during the cooking task in both conditions. To measure the sense of presence occurring during the two exposure conditions, subjects completed the Slater-Usoh-Steed Questionnaire (SUSQ) and the ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI) immediately after each condition. The behavioral results showed that times are always lower in VR than in AR, increasing constantly in accordance with the difficulty of the tasks. Regarding physiological responses, the findings showed that AR condition produced more individual excitement and activation than VR. Finally, VR was able to produce higher levels of sense of presence than AR condition. The overall results support that VR currently represents the GIT with greater usability and feasibility compared to AR, probably due to the differences in the human-computer interaction between the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alice Chicchi Giglioli
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (I3B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Li Q, Dai W, Zhong Y, Wang L, Dai B, Liu X. The Mediating Role of Coping Styles on Impulsivity, Behavioral Inhibition/Approach System, and Internet Addiction in Adolescents From a Gender Perspective. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2402. [PMID: 31708840 PMCID: PMC6821786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings have shown that impulsivity and Behavioral Inhibition/Approach System (BIS/BAS) have substantial effects on adolescents’ Internet addiction, but the mechanisms underlying these associations and gender differences in these effects have received little attention. We examined the mediating effects of coping styles from impulsivity, and BIS/BAS to Internet addiction as well as gender differences in these associations. A total of 416 Chinese adolescents were examined using a cross-sectional survey involving Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS/BAS scales, and Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students. The data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and structure equation modeling. The results from the multiple-group (by adolescent gender) structural model analysis revealed that both impulsivity (p < 0.001) and BIS (p = 0.001) directly predicted positive Internet addiction in girls, while both impulsivity (p = 0.011) and BAS (p = 0.048) directly predicted positive Internet addiction in boys. Furthermore, emotion-focused coping mediated the relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction (β = 0.080, 95% CI: 0.023–0.168) and the relationship between BIS and Internet addiction (β = 0.064, 95% CI: 0.013–0.153) in girls, while in boys, problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping mediated the association between impulsivity and Internet addiction (β = 0.118, 95% CI: 0.031–0.251; β = 0.065, 95% CI: 0.010–0.160, respectively) and problem-focused coping mediated the association between BAS and Internet addiction [β = −0.058, 95% CI: (−0.142)–(−0.003)]. These findings extend our insight into the mechanisms underlying the associations among impulsivity, BIS/BAS, and Internet addiction in adolescents and suggest that gender-sensitive training approaches to decrease adolescents’ Internet addiction are indispensable. These interventions should focus on the different gender predictors of adolescent Internet addiction and on the development of specific coping styles for boys and girls respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weine Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience and Positron Emission Tomography Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bibing Dai
- Institute of Psychology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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González-Hernández J, Capilla Díaz C, Gómez-López M. Impulsiveness and Cognitive Patterns. Understanding the Perfectionistic Responses in Spanish Competitive Junior Athletes. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1605. [PMID: 31379662 PMCID: PMC6646808 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High performance sport requires that the athletes maintain a constant intensity and control of their personal resources, as well as a balance between self-regulation and performance. Likely, such requirements involve the influence of their beliefs regarding the tasks to be performed to improve the confidence in their own resources to face the competition. Theoretical arguments provide new insights for understanding multidimensional perfectionism and its relationships with other variables such as affective experiences, among others. In this study, perfectionism was conceptualized as a “stable personality disposition,” whereas the impulsiveness components were defined as “representing psychological mechanisms (or processes)” underlying the relationships between perfectionism and athletic experiences. Aim This study aims to establish and show profiles of perfectionist beliefs and impulsive responses according to sport modality and the relationships between all these variables. Team athletes were expected to show more functional resources than those in combat or endurance sports. Methods The psychological responses of 487 athletes (273 boys; 214 girls) practicing high-performance sport were examined. A non-randomized, cross-sectional design was used. Self-reports were used to measure impulsiveness, perfectionism and competence self-perceptions. Results Athletes with functional responses of impulsivity and perfectionism showed higher perceived self-competence. Athletes with more reflective thoughts, more careful planning and generally less sensitive to rewards and behaviors were more self-regulated and planned (functional impulsivity) and showed more moderate relationships between the most dysfunctional perfectionist beliefs and self-competence. In addition, perfectionism seems to be useful to the striver athletes that want to be the best, and they are focused on and committed to future goals and performance and self-improvement. It is important for coaches and athletes to understand how the processes of self-regulation (impulsivity) and self-knowledge (perfectionism) could be formed to try to offer better opportunities for building psychological resources that enhance high-performance mental abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan González-Hernández
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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14
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Gatto EM, Aldinio V. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. A Brief and Comprehensive Review. Front Neurol 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31057473 PMCID: PMC6481351 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control and related disorders (ICDs-RD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders that involve pleasurable behaviors performed repetitively, excessively, and compulsively. The key common symptom in all these disorders is the failure to resist an impulse or temptation to control an act or specific behavior, which is ultimately harmful to oneself or others and interferes in major areas of life. The major symptoms of ICDs include pathological gambling (PG), hypersexualtiy (HS), compulsive buying/shopping (CB) and binge eating (BE) functioning. ICDs and ICDs-RD have been included in the behavioral spectrum of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) leading, in some cases, to serious financial, legal and psychosocial devastating consequences. Herein we present the prevalence of ICDs, the risk factors, its pathophysiological mechanisms, the link with agonist dopaminergic therapies and therapeutic managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M Gatto
- Department of Neurology, Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, Ineba, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Aldinio
- Department of Neurology, Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Juneja R, Chaiwong W, Siripool P, Mahapol K, Wiriya T, Shannon JS, Petchkrua W, Kunanusont C, Marriott LK. Thai adaptation and reliability of three versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS 11, BIS-15, and BIS-Brief). Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:744-755. [PMID: 30832195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Long, short, and brief versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness scale (BIS-11, BIS-15, and BIS-Brief) were tested in an adult Thai population. The BIS-11T and BIS-15T were translated, back-translated, and administered to a non-clinical population (n = 305) of native Thai speakers who returned 2 weeks later for re-test. BIS-Brief-T psychometrics were calculated post-hoc. Impulsivity scores were normally distributed for the BIS-11T and BIS-15T, but not BIS-Brief-T. Excellent internal consistency was observed, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.80 for all translated instruments: BIS-11T (α = 0.86), BIS-15T (α = 0.81), BIS-Brief-T (α = 0.81). A total of 260 participants completed both instruments (85%), with test-retest reliability exceeding r = 0.81. All three instruments were highly correlated (r = 0.83-0.89). Confirmatory factor analysis supports a three factor structure (attention, motor, non-planning) for BIS-15T and two factor structure for BIS-11T. BIS scales can support measurement of a range of impulsivity scores in an adult Thai population, though predictive validity of these scales remains unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Juneja
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W Chaiwong
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Siripool
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand; OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K Mahapol
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand; OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Wiriya
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J S Shannon
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Petchkrua
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Kunanusont
- Bangkok Health Research Center, Bangkok Dusit Medical Services, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L K Marriott
- OHSU/PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Martínez-Loredo V, Grande-Gosende A, Fernández-Artamendi S, Secades-Villa R, Fernández-Hermida JR. Substance Use and Gambling Patterns Among Adolescents: Differences According to Gender and Impulsivity. J Gambl Stud 2019; 35:63-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-018-09824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Martinez-Loredo V, Fernandez-Hermida JR, De La Torre-Luque A, Fernandez-Artamendi S. Trajectories of impulsivity by sex predict substance use and heavy drinking. Addict Behav 2018; 85:164-172. [PMID: 29910036 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although impulsivity and sensation seeking have been consistently associated with substance use, few studies have analyzed the relationship between changes in these variables and substance use in early adolescents. The aim of this study was to identify trajectories of impulsivity and sensation seeking and explore their relationship with substance use and heavy drinking. A total of 1342 non-user adolescents (53.6% males; mean age = 12.98, SD = 0.50) annually completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Zuckerman's Impulsive Sensation Seeking scale and a delay discounting task, over a total period of three years. Past alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, drunkenness episodes (DE) and problem drinking were also assessed. Impulsivity trajectories were explored using latent class mixed modelling. To study their predictive power binary logistic regressions were used. Two trajectories of impulsivity were found in males and five were found in females. Males with an increasing impulsivity trajectory were more likely to report tobacco [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84] and cannabis (OR = 3.01) use, DE (OR = 2.44) and problem drinking (OR = 3.12). The early increasing trajectory in females predicted tobacco use (OR = 3.71), cannabis use (OR = 5.87) and DE (OR = 3.64). Lack of premeditation and delay discounting were the most relevant facets in high-risk trajectories. Selective intervention and more intense and tailored treatment might help these adolescents to reduce early increases in impulsivity and prevent escalation of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Martinez-Loredo
- Clinical Unit of Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Pza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Jose Ramon Fernandez-Hermida
- Clinical Unit of Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Pza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Alejandro De La Torre-Luque
- Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernandez-Artamendi
- Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Department of Psychology, C/ Energía solar, 1, 41014 Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
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Martínez-Loredo V, Fernández-Hermida JR, La Torre-Luque AD, Fernández-Artamendi S. Polydrug use trajectories and differences in impulsivity among adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2018; 18:235-244. [PMID: 30487929 PMCID: PMC6225037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Although alcohol, tobacco and cannabis are the most widely consumed drugs, sparse data exist regarding polydrug use in adolescents and its relationship with impulsivity. This study aims to identify trajectories of polydrug use and analyze differences in impulsivity between them. Method: A total of 1,565 adolescents (54.4% males; mean age = 13.02, SD = 0.57) were annually assessed over three years using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Zuckerman Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale, a Stroop Test and a Delay Discounting Task. Frequency of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, intoxication episodes and problem drinking were also assessed. Polydrug trajectories were identified using latent class mixed modelling. To examine differences in self-reported and behavioral impulsivity two mixed multivariate analyses of covariance were used. Results: Three trajectories of substance use were found. The 'Experimental use' and the 'Early use' trajectories presented the lowest and highest impulsivity, respectively. Substance use increases in the 'Telescoped used' trajectory were associated with parallel increases in impulsivity. Conclusions: individuals with divergent patterns of substance use during adolescence differ in their impulsiveness, primarily in general impulsivity and sensation seeking. Present findings suggest the relevance of these facets as possible targets for interventions preventing the onset and escalation of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Martínez-Loredo
- Clinical Unit of Addictive Behaviors, Department of Psychology, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Mascayano F, Schilling S, Tapia E, Santander F, Burrone MS, Yang LH, Alvarado R. Using Information and Communication Technologies to Prevent Suicide Among Secondary School Students in Two Regions of Chile: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:236. [PMID: 29922187 PMCID: PMC5996076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background: There is an increasing concern for addressing suicide among adolescents in Latin America. Recent mental health policies encourage the development and implementation of preventive interventions for suicide. Such initiatives, however, have been scarcely developed, even in countries with solid mental health services such as Chile. The use of information and communications technology (ICT) might contribute to create accessible, engaging, and innovative platforms to promote well-being and support for adolescents with mental health needs and suicide risk. Objective: To evaluate a program based on ICT to prevent suicide and enhance mental health among adolescents in Chile. METHOD A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted including 428 high-school students aged 18-14 years in two regions of Chile. Study procedures will take place as follows: (1) design of the intervention model and creation of prototype; (2) selection and randomization of the participating public schools; (3) implementation of the 3-month intervention and evaluation at baseline, post-intervention period, and a 2-month follow-up. Suicidal ideation at the 2-month follow up is the primary outcome in this study. Secondary outcomes include negative psychological outcomes (e.g., stigma, depression, anxiety) as well as a number of protective psychological and social factors. Indicators regarding the study implementation will be also gathered. DISCUSSION Here we describe a novel program based on technological devices and aimed to target youth suicide in Chile. This is the first clinical trial of such a program in Latin America, and to our knowledge, the first of its kind in any middle income country. Trial Registration: gov Identifier: NCT03514004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sara Schilling
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Tapia
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Felipe Santander
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María S Burrone
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Weidberg S, González-Roz A, Secades-Villa R. Delay discounting in e-cigarette users, current and former smokers. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2017; 17:20-27. [PMID: 30487877 PMCID: PMC6236325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Despite the fact that electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are being increasingly used as an alternative to smoking tobacco cigarettes, few studies have explored psychological factors associated with e-cigarette use. Prior studies aimed at exploring correlates of e-cigarette use have focused on sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics. However, no previous work has examined psychological features such as impulsivity among e-cigarettes users. The main objective of this study was to compare impulsivity rates across four groups of participants: current e-cigarette users who were former smokers; current smokers; former smokers; and controls. Method: A sample of 136 participants completed a computerized delay discounting task for hypothetical monetary values. Results: Delay discounting was greater among e-cigarette users than former smokers. E-cigarette users also showed an intermediate discounting that did not differ from smokers and controls. Moreover, delay discounting was significantly greater among current smokers compared to former smokers and controls. Conclusions: Taken together, our results extend previous research on delay discounting by providing evidence on impulsivity levels among current e-cigarette users for the first time.
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Secades-Villa R, Martínez-Loredo V, Grande-Gosende A, Fernández-Hermida JR. The Relationship between Impulsivity and Problem Gambling in Adolescence. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1931. [PMID: 28008322 PMCID: PMC5143594 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gambling has become one of the most frequently reported addictive behaviors among young people. Understanding risk factors associated with the onset or maintenance of gambling problems in adolescence has implications for its prevention and treatment. The main aim of the present study was to examine the potential relationships between impulsivity and problem gambling in adolescence. Participants were 874 high school students (average age: 15 years old) who were surveyed to provide data on gambling and impulsivity. Self-reported gambling behavior was assessed using the South Oaks Gambling Screen – Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) and impulsivity was measured using the Impulsive Sensation Seeking Questionnaire (ZKPQ), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-A), and a delay discounting task. The data were analyzed using both a prospective-longitudinal and a cross-sectional design. In the longitudinal analyses, results showed that the impulsivity subscale of the ZKPQ increased the risk of problem gambling (p = 0.003). In the cross-sectional analyses, all the impulsivity measures were higher in at-risk/problem gamblers than in non-problem gamblers (p = 0.04; 0.03; and 0.01, respectively). These findings further support the relationship between impulsivity and gambling in adolescence. Moreover, our findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between impulsivity and problem gambling in adolescence. These results have consequences for the development of prevention and treatment programs for adolescents with gambling problems.
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Riaño-Hernández D, Guillén-Riquelme A, Cabrera-Cuevas MJ, García Cruz CV, Buela-Casal G. Fiabilidad de la versión informatizada del Test de Figuras Conocidas 20 (MFF-20). REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rlp.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fernández-Artamendi S, Martínez-Loredo V, Fernández-Hermida J, Carballo-Crespo J. The Impulsive Sensation Seeking (ImpSS): Psychometric properties and predictive validity regarding substance use with Spanish adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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