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Liu Y, Fang T, Suo Y, Gao S, Baranzoni GM, Armstrong CM. Transcriptomics of Listeria monocytogenes Treated With Olive Leaf Extract. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:782116. [PMID: 35003011 PMCID: PMC8740304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.782116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a regulated foodborne pathogen that is known to cause listeriosis, a disease associated with high mortality rates in humans. Olive leaf extract (OLE) has been shown to act as a plant antimicrobial and inhibit the growth of pathogens, such as L. monocytogenes, although its mode of action has not been defined. To help identify the cellular mechanisms important for conveying these beneficial traits, RNA-Seq was used to study the transcriptome of L. monocytogenes upon exposure to a sublethal level of OLE. Results obtained from cells cultured both with and without OLE at two different time points (3.5-h and 24-h) revealed 661 genes that were differentially expressed. Of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, transcription was altered for 171 genes in response to the 3.5-h OLE treatment while 490 genes were altered in response to the 24-h OLE treatment. These DEGs included but were not limited to genes encoding for signal transduction, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and the phosphotransferase system. Interestingly, several virulence-related genes were downregulated including an ABC transporter permease previously shown to negatively regulate biofilm formation, genes involved in flagella assembly and binding/entry into host cells as well as those regulating acid resistance suggesting that OLE may decrease the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR was used to validate the data obtained via RNA-Seq. Our study provides insight into the mode of action of OLE treatment against L. monocytogenes and may aid in identifying synergetic strategies to inhibit L. monocytogenes in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Suo
- Institute of Agro-Food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Shigang Gao
- Institute of Agro-Food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Gian Marco Baranzoni
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Cheryl M Armstrong
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
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da Silva DAL, de Melo Tavares R, Camargo AC, Yamatogi RS, De Martinis ECP, Nero LA. Biofilm growth by Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel and expression of biofilm-related genes under stressing conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:119. [PMID: 34131813 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This research was carried out to investigate the differences in adhesion and growth during biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes from different sources and clonal complexes. Biofilm by L. monocytogenes (isolates CLIST 441 and 7: both lineage I, serotype 1/2b, CC3; isolates 19 and 508: both lineage II, serotype 1/2c, CC9) was grown on stainless steel coupons under different stressing conditions (NaCl, curing salts and quaternary ammonium compounds-QAC), to determine the expression of different genes involved in biofilm formation and stress response. CLIST 441, which carries a premature stop codon (PMSC) in agrC, formed high-density biofilms in the presence of QAC (7.5% w/v) or curing salts (10% w/v). Reverse Transcriptase-qPCR results revealed that L. monocytogenes isolates presented differences in transcriptional profile of genes related to biofilm formation and adaptation to environmental conditions. Our results demonstrated how L. monocytogenes can survive, multiply and form biofilm under adverse conditions related to food processing environments. Differences in transcriptional expression were observed, highlighting the role of regulatory gene networks for particular serotypes under different stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Augusto Lopes da Silva
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela de Melo Tavares
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Camargo
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Cafés/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Centro, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Sarkar D, Ratkowsky DA, Wang B, Bowman JP, Tamplin ML. Modelling viability of Listeria monocytogenes in paneer. Food Microbiol 2021; 97:103738. [PMID: 33653517 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Paneer is a fresh, soft ready-to-eat cheese that is susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes contamination, exemplified by product recalls in Australia, Canada, and the USA. Previous research demonstrates that L. monocytogenes grows in paneer, however there are no paneer-specific predictive models that quantify the effect of environmental conditions on L. monocytogenes viability. This study measured the viability of a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes in freshly prepared paneer incubated at 4-40 °C. Growth rates were fitted with the extended Ratkowsky square root model, with growth rates ranging from 0.014 to 0.352 log10 CFU/h. In comparison with published models, only the ComBase L. monocytogenes broth model acceptably predicted growth (Bf = 1.01, Af = 1.12) versus the developed model. The influence of paneer pH (5.0-6.0) and storage temperature (41-45 °C) on L. monocytogenes growth at the upper temperature growth boundary was described using a logistic model. These models provide quantitative tools to improve the safety of paneer processing conditions, shelf-life estimation, food safety management plans, and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipon Sarkar
- Centre of Food Safety & Innovation, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.
| | - David A Ratkowsky
- Centre of Food Safety & Innovation, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 N 21st St, Lincoln, NE, 68588, United States.
| | - John P Bowman
- Centre of Food Safety & Innovation, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.
| | - Mark L Tamplin
- Centre of Food Safety & Innovation, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.
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4
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Kannan S, Balakrishnan J, Govindasamy A. Listeria monocytogens - Amended understanding of its pathogenesis with a complete picture of its membrane vesicles, quorum sensing, biofilm and invasion. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104575. [PMID: 33091581 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in animals and humans. Pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes easily adapted to the conditions of human gastrointestinal tract and tolerate the counter changes such as acidity, bile, osmolarity, and antimicrobial peptides. They secrete specialized biologically active extra organ called membrane vesicles which comprises proteins, lipids, and lipopolysaccharides. Listerial vesicles possess functional versatility and play a significant role in pathogenesis by cell-free intercellular communication and toxin packaging. L. monocytogenes can attach promptly and decisively to inert substratum including intestinal mucosa, and forms biofilms and causes detrimental effects. Further, they invade the host cells through quorum sensing (QS) controlled virulence determinants and biofilms. The precise degree to which the bacterium retains the intracellular ambiance of host cells remains unknown. The machinery associated with intracellular survival, and the role of membrane vesicles, quorum sensing, and the Agr system in Listeria monocytogenes largely remains unclear. The current review focused to understand the role of membrane vesicles mediated pathogenesis biofilms, and delivers auxiliary impetus to understanding the potentials of virulence mediated invasion in Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Kannan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, India.
| | - Jeyakumar Balakrishnan
- Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, India
| | - Ambujam Govindasamy
- Department of General Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, India
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Canales RA, Wilson AM, Sinclair RG, Soto-Beltran M, Pearce-Walker J, Molina M, Penny M, Reynolds KA. Microbial study of household hygiene conditions and associated Listeria monocytogenes infection risks for Peruvian women. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:899-921. [PMID: 31066175 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an exposure and risk assessment model to estimate listeriosis infection risks for Peruvian women. METHODS A simulation model was developed utilising Listeria monocytogenes concentrations on kitchen and latrine surfaces in Peruvian homes, hand trace data from Peruvian women and behavioural data from literature. Scenarios involving varying proportions of uncontaminated, or 'clean', surfaces and non-porous surfaces were simulated. Infection risks were estimated for 4, 6 and 8 h of behaviours and interactions with surfaces. RESULTS Although infection risks were estimated across scenarios for various time points (e.g. 4, 6, 8 h), overall mean estimated infection risks for all scenarios were ≥ 0.31. Infection risks increased as the proportions of clean surfaces decreased. Hand-to-general surface contacts accounted for the most cumulative change in L. monocytogenes concentration on hands. CONCLUSIONS In addition to gaining insights on how human behaviours affect exposure and infection risk, this model addressed uncertainties regarding the influence of household surface contamination levels. Understanding the influence of surface contamination in preventing pathogen transmission in households could help to develop intervention strategies to reduce L. monocytogenes infection and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Canales
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Amanda M Wilson
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan G Sinclair
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Marcela Soto-Beltran
- Facultad Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Kelly A Reynolds
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Ricci A, Allende A, Bolton D, Chemaly M, Davies R, Fernández Escámez PS, Girones R, Herman L, Koutsoumanis K, Nørrung B, Robertson L, Ru G, Sanaa M, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Snary E, Speybroeck N, Ter Kuile B, Threlfall J, Wahlström H, Takkinen J, Wagner M, Arcella D, Da Silva Felicio MT, Georgiadis M, Messens W, Lindqvist R. Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods and the risk for human health in the EU. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05134. [PMID: 32760461 PMCID: PMC7391409 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety criteria for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods have been applied from 2006 onwards (Commission Regulation (EC) 2073/2005). Still, human invasive listeriosis was reported to increase over the period 2009-2013 in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA). Time series analysis for the 2008-2015 period in the EU/EEA indicated an increasing trend of the monthly notified incidence rate of confirmed human invasive listeriosis of the over 75 age groups and female age group between 25 and 44 years old (probably related to pregnancies). A conceptual model was used to identify factors in the food chain as potential drivers for L. monocytogenes contamination of RTE foods and listeriosis. Factors were related to the host (i. population size of the elderly and/or susceptible people; ii. underlying condition rate), the food (iii. L. monocytogenes prevalence in RTE food at retail; iv. L. monocytogenes concentration in RTE food at retail; v. storage conditions after retail; vi. consumption), the national surveillance systems (vii. improved surveillance), and/or the bacterium (viii. virulence). Factors considered likely to be responsible for the increasing trend in cases are the increased population size of the elderly and susceptible population except for the 25-44 female age group. For the increased incidence rates and cases, the likely factor is the increased proportion of susceptible persons in the age groups over 45 years old for both genders. Quantitative modelling suggests that more than 90% of invasive listeriosis is caused by ingestion of RTE food containing > 2,000 colony forming units (CFU)/g, and that one-third of cases are due to growth in the consumer phase. Awareness should be increased among stakeholders, especially in relation to susceptible risk groups. Innovative methodologies including whole genome sequencing (WGS) for strain identification and monitoring of trends are recommended.
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Establishment of probabilistic model for Salmonella Enteritidis growth and inactivation under acid and osmotic pressure. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Lee Y, Wang C. Morphological Change and Decreasing Transfer Rate of Biofilm-Featured Listeria monocytogenes EGDe. J Food Prot 2017; 80:368-375. [PMID: 28199146 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes , a lethal foodborne pathogen, has the ability to resist the hostile food processing environment and thus frequently contaminates ready-to-eat foods during processing. It is commonly accepted that the tendency of L. monocytogenes ' to generate biofilms on various surfaces enhances its resistance to the harshness of the food processing environment. However, the role of biofilm formation in the transferability of L. monocytogenes EGDe remains controversial. We examined the growth of Listeria biofilms on stainless steel surfaces and their effect on the transferability of L. monocytogenes EGDe. The experiments were a factorial 2 × 2 design with at least three biological replicates. Through scanning electron microscopy, a mature biofilm with intensive aggregates of cells was observed on the surface of stainless steel after 3 or 5 days of incubation, depending on the initial level of inoculation. During biofilm development, L. monocytogenes EGDe carried out binary fission vigorously before a mature biofilm was formed and subsequently changed its cellular morphology from rod shaped to sphere shaped. Furthermore, static biofilm, which was formed after 3 days of incubation at 25°C, significantly inhibited the transfer rate of L. monocytogenes EGDe from stainless steel blades to 15 bologna slices. During 7 days of storage at 4°C, however, bacterial growth rate was not significantly impacted by whether bacteria were transferred from biofilm and the initial concentrations of transferred bacteria on the slice. In conclusion, this study is the first to report a distinct change in morphology of L. monocytogenes EGDe at the late stage of biofilm formation. More importantly, once food is contaminated by L. monocytogenes EGDe, contamination proceeds independently of biofilm development and the initial level of contamination when food is stored at 4°C, even if contamination with L. monocytogenes EGDe was initially undetectable before storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Chinling Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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Haberbeck LU, Oliveira RC, Vivijs B, Wenseleers T, Aertsen A, Michiels C, Geeraerd AH. Variability in growth/no growth boundaries of 188 different Escherichia coli strains reveals that approximately 75% have a higher growth probability under low pH conditions than E. coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 43888. Food Microbiol 2014; 45:222-30. [PMID: 25500388 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the variation in growth/no growth boundaries of 188 Escherichia coli strains. Experiments were conducted in Luria-Bertani media under 36 combinations of lactic acid (LA) (0 and 25 mM), pH (3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 for 0 mM LA and 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7 and 4.8 for 25 mM LA) and temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C). After 3 days of incubation, growth was monitored through optical density measurements. For each strain, a so-called purposeful selection approach was used to fit a logistic regression model that adequately predicted the likelihood for growth. Further, to assess the growth/no growth variability for all the strains at once, a generalized linear mixed model was fitted to the data. Strain was fitted as a fixed factor and replicate as a random blocking factor. E. coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 43888 was used as reference strain allowing a comparison with the other strains. Out of the 188 strains tested, 140 strains (∼75%) presented a significantly higher probability of growth under low pH conditions than the O157:H7 strain ATCC 43888, whereas 20 strains (∼11%) showed a significantly lower probability of growth under high pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L U Haberbeck
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; MEBIOS-Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, W. de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59-Box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Vivijs
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Zoological Institute, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59-Box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Michiels
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A H Geeraerd
- MEBIOS-Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, W. de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Survival kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes on raw sheep milk cured cheese under different storage temperatures. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:39-44. [PMID: 24630556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Raw sheep milk cured cheese produced in the Castilla y Leon region (Spain) constitutes a traditional semi-hard aromatic cheese typically aged for three to six months. This product is catalogued as ready-to-eat since it is not submitted to any further treatment before consumption. Thus, foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes can represent a health concern for susceptible consumers. This study was aimed at evaluating the survival of L. monocytogenes on raw sheep milk cured cheese under different storage temperatures. Log-linear+shoulder and Weibull type models were fitted to data observed in order to estimate kinetic parameters. The Arrhenius relationship was further used to predict the impact of temperature on L. monocytogenes behavior during storage at 4, 12 and 22°C. Additionally, growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a representative group of the indigenous microbiota was evaluated. Results obtained indicated that the time to eradication (time when absence of L. monocytogenes in the analyzed samples was observed) was 114, 104, and 77 days for cheese samples stored at 4, 12 and 22°C, respectively. The LAB population showed an increase at 12 and 22°C during storage. However, an increase of 1 log CFU/g was observed during the first 2 weeks irrespectively of the storage temperature. The log-linear+shoulder model indicated a good fit to observed data. Likewise, the Arrhenius relationship explained sufficiently the dependency of temperature on L. monocytogenes behavior. This study demonstrated that cheese storage at ambient temperatures could lead to the preservation of its quality properties as well as its safety against L. monocytogenes.
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11
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Manios SG, Skandamis PN. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in the processing environment by understanding biofilm formation and resistance to sanitizers. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1157:251-261. [PMID: 24792564 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0703-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can colonize in the food processing environment and thus pose a greater risk of cross-contamination to food. One of the proposed mechanisms that facilitates such colonization is biofilm formation. As part of a biofilm, it is hypothesized that L. monocytogenes can survive sanitization procedures. In addition, biofilms are difficult to remove and may require additional physical and chemical mechanisms to reduce their presence and occurrence. The initial stage of biofilm formation is attachment to surfaces, and therefore it is important to be able to determine the ability of L. monocytogenes strains to attach to various inert surfaces. In this chapter, methods to study bacterial attachment to surfaces are described. Attachment is commonly induced by bringing planktonic cells into contact with plastic, glass, or stainless steel surfaces with or without food residues ("soil") in batch or continuous (e.g., with constant flow of nutrients) culture. Measurement of biofilm formed is carried out by detaching cells (with various mechanical methods) and measuring the viable counts or by measuring the total attached biomass. Resistance of biofilms to sanitizers is commonly carried out by exposure of the whole model surface bearing the attached cells to a solution of sanitizer, followed by measuring the survivors as described above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros G Manios
- Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 118 55, Greece
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12
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Hébraud M, Chorianopoulos N, Langsrud S, Møretrø T, Habimana O, Desvaux M, Renier S, Nychas GJ. Attachment and biofilm formation by foodborne bacteria in meat processing environments: causes, implications, role of bacterial interactions and control by alternative novel methods. Meat Sci 2013; 97:298-309. [PMID: 23747091 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of potential spoilage and pathogenic bacteria to food contact surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation represent serious challenges to the meat industry, since these may lead to cross-contamination of the products, resulting in lowered-shelf life and transmission of diseases. In meat processing environments, microorganisms are sometimes associated to surfaces in complex multispecies communities, while bacterial interactions have been shown to play a key role in cell attachment and detachment from biofilms, as well as in the resistance of biofilm community members against antimicrobial treatments. Disinfection of food contact surfaces in such environments is a challenging task, aggravated by the great antimicrobial resistance of biofilm associated bacteria. In recent years, several alternative novel methods, such as essential oils and bacteriophages, have been successfully tested as an alternative means for the disinfection of microbial-contaminated food contact surfaces. In this review, all these aspects of biofilm formation in meat processing environments are discussed from a microbial meat-quality and safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos 81400, Greece.
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima Mat AS, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Veterinary Research Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Aghia Paraskeui15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sandra Renier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Ellis DI, Brewster VL, Dunn WB, Allwood JW, Golovanov AP, Goodacre R. Fingerprinting food: current technologies for the detection of food adulteration and contamination. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5706-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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