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Kaszoni-Rückerl I, Mustedanagic A, Muri-Klinger S, Brugger K, Wagner KH, Wagner M, Stessl B. Predominance of Distinct Listeria Innocua and Listeria Monocytogenes in Recurrent Contamination Events at Dairy Processing Facilities. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E234. [PMID: 32050536 PMCID: PMC7074772 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
: The genus Listeria now comprises up to now 21 recognized species and six subspecies, with L. monocytogenes and L. innocua as the most prevalent sensu stricto associated species. Reports focusing on the challenges in Listeria detection and confirmation are available, especially from food-associated environmental samples. L. innocua is more prevalent in the food processing environment (FPE) than L. monocytogenes and has been shown to have a growth advantage in selective enrichment and agar media. Until now, the adaptive nature of L. innocua in FPEs has not been fully elucidated and potential persistence in the FPE has not been observed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to characterize L. innocua (n = 139) and L. monocytogenes (n = 81) isolated from FPEs and cheese products collected at five dairy processing facilities (A-E) at geno- and phenotypic levels. Biochemical profiling was conducted for all L. monocytogenes and the majority of L. innocua (n = 124) isolates and included a rhamnose positive reaction. L. monocytogenes isolates were most frequently confirmed as PCR-serogroups 1/2a, 3a (95%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-typing, applying the restriction enzymes AscI, revealed 33 distinct Listeria PFGE profiles with a Simpson's Index of Diversity of 0.75. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) resulted in 27 STs with seven new L. innocua local STs (ST1595 to ST1601). L. innocua ST1597 and ST603 and L. monocytogenes ST121 and ST14 were the most abundant genotypes in dairy processing facilities A-E over time. Either SSI-1 (ST14) or SSI-2 (ST121, all L. innocua) were present in successfully FPE-adapted strains. We identified housekeeping genes common in Listeria isolates and L. monocytogenes genetic lineage III. Wherever there are long-term contamination events of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species, subtyping methods are helpful tools to identify niches of high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kaszoni-Rückerl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.K.-R.); (S.M.-K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Azra Mustedanagic
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFOQSI), Technopark C, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Sonja Muri-Klinger
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.K.-R.); (S.M.-K.); (M.W.)
| | - Katharina Brugger
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Wagner
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.K.-R.); (S.M.-K.); (M.W.)
- Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFOQSI), Technopark C, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department of Farm Animal and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.K.-R.); (S.M.-K.); (M.W.)
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Harter E, Lassnig C, Wagner EM, Zaiser A, Wagner M, Rychli K. The Novel Internalins InlP1 and InlP4 and the Internalin-Like Protein InlP3 Enhance the Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1644. [PMID: 31396177 PMCID: PMC6664051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the human foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes relies on virulence factors such as internalins. In 2009/2010 two L. monocytogenes strains were responsible for a serious listeriosis outbreak in Austria, Germany, and the Czech Republic. One of these clones, QOC1, which caused 14 cases including five fatalities, encodes the novel internalins inlP1, inlPq and inlP4, and the novel internalin-like protein inlP3 in the genomic region of hypervariable genetic hotspot 9 in addition to the standard set of virulence genes. The in silico prevalence study revealed that these genes rarely occur in L. monocytogenes, mainly in minor clonal complexes. To obtain first insights of the role of these genes in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes, we studied the gene expression under conditions mimicking the ingestion in the host. Expression of inlP1, inlP3, inlPq and inlP4 was increased under gastric stress and in intracellular bacteria grown in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, colonization of the liver and the spleen was slightly, but significantly reduced 72 h post infection in an oral mouse infection model when inlP1 or inlP4 was deleted. Moreover, the impact of InlP1 and InlP3 in virulence was shown in vitro in human intestinal epithelial cells. In this study we conclusively demonstrate a potential contribution of uncommon novel internalins and an internalin-like protein to the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harter
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation - FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation - FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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