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Fortelny N, Farlik M, Fife V, Gorki AD, Lassnig C, Maurer B, Meissl K, Dolezal M, Boccuni L, Ravi Sundar Jose Geetha A, Akagha MJ, Karjalainen A, Shoebridge S, Farhat A, Mann U, Jain R, Tikoo S, Zila N, Esser-Skala W, Krausgruber T, Sitnik K, Penz T, Hladik A, Suske T, Zahalka S, Senekowitsch M, Barreca D, Halbritter F, Macho-Maschler S, Weninger W, Neubauer HA, Moriggl R, Knapp S, Sexl V, Strobl B, Decker T, Müller M, Bock C. JAK-STAT signaling maintains homeostasis in T cells and macrophages. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:847-859. [PMID: 38658806 PMCID: PMC11065702 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells need to sustain a state of constant alertness over a lifetime. Yet, little is known about the regulatory processes that control the fluent and fragile balance that is called homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that JAK-STAT signaling, beyond its role in immune responses, is a major regulator of immune cell homeostasis. We investigated JAK-STAT-mediated transcription and chromatin accessibility across 12 mouse models, including knockouts of all STAT transcription factors and of the TYK2 kinase. Baseline JAK-STAT signaling was detected in CD8+ T cells and macrophages of unperturbed mice-but abrogated in the knockouts and in unstimulated immune cells deprived of their normal tissue context. We observed diverse gene-regulatory programs, including effects of STAT2 and IRF9 that were independent of STAT1. In summary, our large-scale dataset and integrative analysis of JAK-STAT mutant and wild-type mice uncovered a crucial role of JAK-STAT signaling in unstimulated immune cells, where it contributes to a poised epigenetic and transcriptional state and helps prepare these cells for rapid response to immune stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Victoria Fife
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Boccuni
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mojoyinola Joanna Akagha
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anzhelika Karjalainen
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen Shoebridge
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asma Farhat
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Mann
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Zila
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Esser-Skala
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Zahalka
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Senekowitsch
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Barreca
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Halbritter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Schmidt U, Uluca B, Vokic I, Malik B, Kolbe T, Lassnig C, Holcmann M, Moreno-Viedma V, Robl B, Mühlberger C, Gotthardt D, Sibilia M, Rülicke T, Müller M, Csiszar A. Inducible overexpression of a FAM3C/ILEI transgene has pleiotropic effects with shortened life span, liver fibrosis and anemia in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286256. [PMID: 37713409 PMCID: PMC10503705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FAM3C/ILEI is an important factor in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induction, tumor progression and metastasis. Overexpressed in many cancers, elevated ILEI levels and secretion correlate with poor patient survival. Although ILEI's causative role in invasive tumor growth and metastasis has been demonstrated in several cellular tumor models, there are no available transgenic mice to study these effects in the context of a complex organism. Here, we describe the generation and initial characterization of a Tet-ON inducible Fam3c/ILEI transgenic mouse strain. We find that ubiquitous induction of ILEI overexpression (R26-ILEIind) at weaning age leads to a shortened lifespan, reduced body weight and microcytic hypochromic anemia. The anemia was reversible at a young age within a week upon withdrawal of ILEI induction. Vav1-driven overexpression of the ILEIind transgene in all hematopoietic cells (Vav-ILEIind) did not render mice anemic or lower overall fitness, demonstrating that no intrinsic mechanisms of erythroid development were dysregulated by ILEI and that hematopoietic ILEI hyperfunction did not contribute to death. Reduced serum iron levels of R26-ILEIind mice were indicative for a malfunction in iron uptake or homeostasis. Accordingly, the liver, the main organ of iron metabolism, was severely affected in moribund ILEI overexpressing mice: increased alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels indicated liver dysfunction, the liver was reduced in size, showed increased apoptosis, reduced cellular iron content, and had a fibrotic phenotype. These data indicate that high ILEI expression in the liver might reduce hepatoprotection and induce liver fibrosis, which leads to liver dysfunction, disturbed iron metabolism and eventually to death. Overall, we show here that the novel Tet-ON inducible Fam3c/ILEI transgenic mouse strain allows tissue specific timely controlled overexpression of ILEI and thus, will serve as a versatile tool to model the effect of elevated ILEI expression in diverse tissue entities and disease conditions, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schmidt
- IMP—Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Betül Uluca
- IMP—Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iva Vokic
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barizah Malik
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Robl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Mühlberger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Csiszar
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Sukhbaatar N, Schöller M, Fritsch SD, Linke M, Horer S, Träger M, Mazić M, Forisch S, Gonzales K, Kahler JP, Binder C, Lassnig C, Strobl B, Müller M, Scheiber-Mojdehkar B, Gundacker C, Dabsch S, Kain R, Hengstschläger M, Verhelst SHL, Weiss G, Theurl I, Weichhart T. Duodenal macrophages control dietary iron absorption via local degradation of transferrin. Blood 2023; 141:2878-2890. [PMID: 37018657 PMCID: PMC10646810 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential cellular metal that is important for many physiological functions including erythropoiesis and host defense. It is absorbed from the diet in the duodenum and loaded onto transferrin (Tf), the main iron transport protein. Inefficient dietary iron uptake promotes many diseases, but mechanisms regulating iron absorption remain poorly understood. By assessing mice that harbor a macrophage-specific deletion of the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2), a negative regulator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), we found that these mice possessed various defects in iron metabolism, including defective steady-state erythropoiesis and a reduced saturation of Tf with iron. This iron deficiency phenotype was associated with an iron import block from the duodenal epithelial cells into the circulation. Activation of mTORC1 in villous duodenal CD68+ macrophages induced serine protease expression and promoted local degradation of Tf, whereas the depletion of macrophages in mice increased Tf levels. Inhibition of mTORC1 with everolimus or serine protease activity with nafamostat restored Tf levels and Tf saturation in the Tsc2-deficient mice. Physiologically, Tf levels were regulated in the duodenum during the prandial process and Citrobacter rodentium infection. These data suggest that duodenal macrophages determine iron transfer to the circulation by controlling Tf availability in the lamina propria villi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Schöller
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Horer
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Träger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mazić
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Forisch
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karine Gonzales
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pascal Kahler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carina Binder
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Biomodels Austria and Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dabsch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kain
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven H. L. Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Kolbe T, Lassnig C, Poelzl A, Palme R, Auer KE, Rülicke T. Effect of Different Ambient Temperatures on Reproductive Outcome and Stress Level of Lactating Females in Two Mouse Strains. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162141. [PMID: 36009730 PMCID: PMC9405067 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The optimal temperature for laboratory mice has been under discussion for some time. Current standard temperature is 20 °C–24 °C but it has been suggested to elevate the standard to 30 °C, which is the thermoneutral zone for mice. In this study, the effect of different cage temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C) on reproduction and stress hormone metabolite excretion was evaluated in lactating females of two commonly used mouse strains. Pup loss was higher, and weights of mothers and pups were reduced at 30 °C compared to the lower temperatures. In addition, pups showed increased tail length at weaning under the high temperature (30 °C). There was no difference in stress hormone metabolite excretion in mice between temperature groups. We could not show any detrimental effects of the lower or higher cage temperature on stress hormone metabolite excretion, but found decreased reproductive outcome under the higher temperature. Abstract Ambient temperature is an important non-biotic environmental factor influencing immunological and oncological parameters in laboratory mice. It is under discussion which temperature is more appropriate and whether the commonly used room temperature in rodent facilities of about 21 °C represents a chronic cold stress or the 30 °C of the thermoneutral zone constitutes heat stress for the animals. In this study, we selected the physiological challenging period of lactation to investigate the influence of a cage temperature of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively, on reproductive performance and stress hormone levels in two frequently used mouse strains. We found that B6D2F1 hybrid mothers weaned more pups compared to C57BL/6N mothers, and that the number of weaned pups was reduced when mothers of both strains were kept at 30 °C. Furthermore, at 30 °C, mothers and pups showed reduced body weight at weaning and offspring had longer tails. Despite pronounced temperature effects on reproductive parameters, we did not find any temperature effects on adrenocortical activity in breeding and control mice. Independent of the ambient temperature, however, we found that females raising pups showed elevated levels of faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs) compared to controls. Peak levels of stress hormone metabolites were measured around birth and during the third week of lactation. Our results provide no evidence of an advantage for keeping lactating mice in ambient temperatures near the thermoneutral zone. In contrast, we found that a 30 °C cage temperature during lactation reduced body mass in females and their offspring and declined female reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Poelzl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin E. Auer
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Woess K, Macho-Maschler S, Van Ingen Schenau DS, Butler M, Lassnig C, Valcanover D, Poelzl A, Meissl K, Maurer B, Brandstoetter T, Vogl C, Koren A, Kubicek S, Orlova A, Moriggl R, Strobl B, Sexl V, Van Leeuwen FN, Kuiper RP, Mueller M. Oncogenic TYK2 P760L kinase is effectively targeted by combinatorial TYK2, mTOR and CDK4/6 kinase blockade. Haematologica 2022; 108:993-1005. [PMID: 35021603 PMCID: PMC10071116 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway, which is central in cytokine signaling. Previously, germline TYK2 mutations have been described in two patients developing de novo T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) or precursor B-ALLs. The mutations (P760L and G761V) are located within the regulatory pseudokinase domain and lead to constitutive activation of TYK2. We demonstrate the transformation capacity of TYK2P760L in hematopoietic cell systems including primary bone marrow cells. In vivo engraftment of TYK2P760L-expressing cell lines led to development of leukemia. A kinase inhibitor screen uncovered that oncogenic TYK2 acts synergistically with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and CDK4/6 pathways. Accordingly, the TYK2-specific inhibitor deucravacitinib (BMS986165) reduces cell viability of TYK2P760Ltransformed cell models and ex vivo cultured TYK2P760L-mutated patient-derived xenograft cells most efficiently when combined with mTOR or CDK4/6 inhibitors. Our study thereby pioneers novel treatment options for patients suffering from TYK2-driven acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Woess
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Miriam Butler
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Center Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Valcanover
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Poelzl
- University Center Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tania Brandstoetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Koren
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roland P Kuiper
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; University Center Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Meissl K, Simonović N, Amenitsch L, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Klein K, Lassnig C, Puga A, Vogl C, Poelzl A, Bosmann M, Dohnal A, Sexl V, Müller M, Strobl B. STAT1 Isoforms Differentially Regulate NK Cell Maturation and Anti-tumor Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2189. [PMID: 33042133 PMCID: PMC7519029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important components of the innate immune defense against infections and cancers. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor that is essential for NK cell maturation and NK cell-dependent tumor surveillance. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of STAT1 exist: a full-length STAT1α and a C-terminally truncated STAT1β isoform. Aberrant splicing is frequently observed in cancer cells and several anti-cancer drugs interfere with the cellular splicing machinery. To investigate whether NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance is affected by a switch in STAT1 splicing, we made use of knock-in mice expressing either only the STAT1α (Stat1α/α) or the STAT1β (Stat1β/β ) isoform. NK cells from Stat1α/α mice matured normally and controlled transplanted tumor cells as efficiently as NK cells from wild-type mice. In contrast, NK cells from Stat1β/β mice showed impaired maturation and effector functions, albeit less severe than NK cells from mice that completely lack STAT1 (Stat1-/- ). Mechanistically, we show that NK cell maturation requires the presence of STAT1α in the niche rather than in NK cells themselves and that NK cell maturation depends on IFNγ signaling under homeostatic conditions. The impaired NK cell maturation in Stat1β/β mice was paralleled by decreased IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα) surface levels on dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes. Treatment of Stat1β/β mice with exogenous IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes rescued NK cell maturation but not their effector functions. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that STAT1 isoforms are not functionally redundant in regulating NK cell activity and that the absence of STAT1α severely impairs, but does not abolish, NK cell-dependent tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Meissl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalija Simonović
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Amenitsch
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Klein
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Puga
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Poelzl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Dohnal
- Tumor Immunology, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Gawish R, Bulat T, Biaggio M, Lassnig C, Bago-Horvath Z, Macho-Maschler S, Poelzl A, Simonović N, Prchal-Murphy M, Rom R, Amenitsch L, Ferrarese L, Kornhoff J, Lederer T, Svinka J, Eferl R, Bosmann M, Kalinke U, Stoiber D, Sexl V, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S, Müller M, Strobl B. Myeloid Cells Restrict MCMV and Drive Stress-Induced Extramedullary Hematopoiesis through STAT1. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2394-2406.e5. [PMID: 30811989 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has a high prevalence worldwide, is often fatal for immunocompromised patients, and causes bone marrow suppression. Deficiency of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) results in severely impaired antiviral immunity. We have used cell-type restricted deletion of Stat1 to determine the importance of myeloid cell activity for the defense against murine CMV (MCMV). We show that myeloid STAT1 limits MCMV burden and infection-associated pathology in the spleen but does not affect ultimate clearance of infection. Unexpectedly, we found an essential role of myeloid STAT1 in the induction of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). The EMH-promoting function of STAT1 was not restricted to MCMV infection but was also observed during CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-induced sterile inflammation. Collectively, we provide genetic evidence that signaling through STAT1 in myeloid cells is required to restrict MCMV at early time points post-infection and to induce compensatory hematopoiesis in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Bulat
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Biaggio
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Poelzl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalija Simonović
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Rom
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Amenitsch
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Ferrarese
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliana Kornhoff
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Therese Lederer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna and Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Harter E, Lassnig C, Wagner EM, Zaiser A, Wagner M, Rychli K. The Novel Internalins InlP1 and InlP4 and the Internalin-Like Protein InlP3 Enhance the Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1644. [PMID: 31396177 PMCID: PMC6664051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the human foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes relies on virulence factors such as internalins. In 2009/2010 two L. monocytogenes strains were responsible for a serious listeriosis outbreak in Austria, Germany, and the Czech Republic. One of these clones, QOC1, which caused 14 cases including five fatalities, encodes the novel internalins inlP1, inlPq and inlP4, and the novel internalin-like protein inlP3 in the genomic region of hypervariable genetic hotspot 9 in addition to the standard set of virulence genes. The in silico prevalence study revealed that these genes rarely occur in L. monocytogenes, mainly in minor clonal complexes. To obtain first insights of the role of these genes in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes, we studied the gene expression under conditions mimicking the ingestion in the host. Expression of inlP1, inlP3, inlPq and inlP4 was increased under gastric stress and in intracellular bacteria grown in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, colonization of the liver and the spleen was slightly, but significantly reduced 72 h post infection in an oral mouse infection model when inlP1 or inlP4 was deleted. Moreover, the impact of InlP1 and InlP3 in virulence was shown in vitro in human intestinal epithelial cells. In this study we conclusively demonstrate a potential contribution of uncommon novel internalins and an internalin-like protein to the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harter
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation - FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation - FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- Department for Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Simonović N, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Meissl K, Lassnig C, Reichart U, Kolbe T, Farlik M, Bock C, Sexl V, Müller M, Strobl B. NK Cells Require Cell-Extrinsic and -Intrinsic TYK2 for Full Functionality in Tumor Surveillance and Antibacterial Immunity. J Immunol 2019; 202:1724-1734. [PMID: 30718299 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a widely expressed receptor-associated kinase that is involved in signaling by a variety of cytokines with important immune regulatory activities. Absence of TYK2 in mice results in impaired NK cell maturation and antitumor activity, although underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Using conditional ablation of TYK2 in NK cells we show that TYK2 is required for IFN-γ production by NK cells in response to IL-12 and for an efficient immune defense against Listeria monocytogenes Deletion of TYK2 in NK cells did not impact NK cell maturation and IFN-γ production upon NK cell activating receptor (actR) stimulation. Similarly, NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance was unimpaired upon deletion of TYK2 in NK cells only. In line with the previously reported maturation-associated Ifng promoter demethylation, the less mature phenotype of Tyk2-/- NK cells correlated with an increased CpG methylation at the Ifng locus. Treatment with the DNA hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine restored the ability of Tyk2-/- NK cells to produce IFN-γ upon actR but not upon IL-12 stimulation. NK cell maturation was dependent on the presence of TYK2 in dendritic cells and could be rescued in Tyk2-deficient mice by treatment with exogenous IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes. IL-15 treatment also rescued the in vitro cytotoxicity defect and the impaired actR-induced IFN-γ production of Tyk2-/- NK cells. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for a key role of TYK2 in the host environment in promoting NK cell maturation and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Simonović
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Reichart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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10
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Szappanos D, Tschismarov R, Perlot T, Westermayer S, Fischer K, Platanitis E, Kallinger F, Novatchkova M, Lassnig C, Müller M, Sexl V, Bennett KL, Foong-Sobis M, Penninger JM, Decker T. The RNA helicase DDX3X is an essential mediator of innate antimicrobial immunity. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007397. [PMID: 30475900 PMCID: PMC6283616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DExD/H box RNA helicases, such as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLR), are important components of the innate immune system. Here we demonstrate a pivotal and sex-specific role for the heterosomal isoforms of the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX3 in the immune system. Mice lacking DDX3X during hematopoiesis showed an altered leukocyte composition in bone marrow and spleen and a striking inability to combat infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Alterations in innate immune responses resulted from decreased effector cell availability and function as well as a sex-dependent impairment of cytokine synthesis. Thus, our data provide further in vivo evidence for an essential contribution of a non-RLR DExD/H RNA helicase to innate immunity and suggest it may contribute to sex-related differences in resistance to microbes and resilience to inflammatory disease. The establishment of innate immunity to pathogens requires cells to sense microbial molecules and to initiate a de novo transcription-based antimicrobial response. With the identification of Rig I and Mda5, two RNA helicases were shown to serve as pivotal receptors of viral RNA. Subsequently, a considerable number of RNA helicases were proposed to function as sensors or signal transducers for both microbial RNA and DNA. X-chromosome-encoded RNA helicase DDX3X was discovered as an interactor of the S/T kinase TBK1 which regulates the production of type I Interferons (IFN-I). However, the importance of DDX3X for innate immunity in an organismic context remained elusive. Here we describe and analyze mice lacking DDX3X in hematopoietic cells. We show contributions of DDX3X to hematopoiesis and a striking loss in resistance against Listeria monocytogenes. Our data reveal that DDX3X is critically involved in enhancing the expression of numerous antimicrobial genes. Consistently, production of important cytokines such as IL12 or IFNγ is reduced. Furthermore, DDX3X-deficient macrophages show reduced ability to restrict L. monocytogenes growth. Owing to partial redundancy with its close Y-chromosomal homologue, DDX3Y, the observed effects differ between mouse sexes. Thus, DDX3X may contribute to sex differences in immunity to pathogens and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szappanos
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Tschismarov
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perlot
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Westermayer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterini Platanitis
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Kallinger
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L. Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Foong-Sobis
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (JMP); (TD)
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (JMP); (TD)
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11
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Wagner M, Skandamis P, Allerberger F, Schoder D, Lassnig C, Müller M, Rychli K. The impact of shelf life on exposure as revealed from quality control data associated with the quargel outbreak. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 279:64-69. [PMID: 29738927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A cluster of 34 human cases of listeriosis was traced to consumption of contaminated quargel cheese, a sour milk specialty sold in Austria, Germany and Czech Republic. Here, we try to assess how many portions were consumed by the Austrian population at a certain contamination level (CL). In total, 1623 cheese lots were produced during the outbreak period resulting in >3 million portions of cheese delivered to the market. From 650 sets of quality control data provided by the food business operator, we reconstructed the contamination scenario over time and identified 84 lots that were found to be positive. With regard to another sixteen lots, a CL was found ranging from one to 3,84 log10 CFU L. monocytogenes/g, measured in product stored between one to 23 days after production. However the number of storage days at home before consumption is unknown. To resolve this issue, we modelled the theoretical CL of the product if consumed either 20, 30, 40 or 50 days post production. We found that 10 lots (approx. 27,350 portions) would have been contaminated at CLs higher than 3 log10 CFU L. monocytogenes/g if all cheese had been consumed after 20 days of storage. This number shifts to 20 lots (approx. 54,700 portions) after 30 days of storage. If all cheese had been consumed at the end of shelf life (50 days of storage), theoretically 242,5 lots would have exceeded a CL of 6 log10 CFU L. monocytogenes/g. We concluded that the extended shelf life given to the product was a driver of the outbreak scenario. It is stunning to note that so few cases were reported in spite of consumers' massive exposure to L. monocytogenes. We hypothesized that a low pathogenicity of both quargel outbreak clones (QOC1 and QOC2) could have contributed to this discrepancy. Our hypothesis was falsified since both strains QOC1 and QOC2 are fully virulent in an oral infection mouse model, showing even higher pathogenicity than the reference strain EGDe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1c, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Panos Skandamis
- Laboratory for Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science & Technology, Iera Odos 75, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldgasse 191, 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Schoder
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1c, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, Department for Biomedical Sciences, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, Department for Biomedical Sciences, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Competence Center for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1c, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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12
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Zotz JS, Wölbing F, Lassnig C, Kauffmann M, Schulte U, Kolb A, Whitelaw B, Müller M, Biedermann T, Huber M. CD13/aminopeptidase N is a negative regulator of mast cell activation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2225-35. [PMID: 26936360 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-induced mast cell (MC) activation via cross-linking of IgE-bound high-affinity receptors for IgE (FcεRI) underlies type I allergy and anaphylactic shock. Comprehensive knowledge of FcεRI regulation is thus required. We have identified a functional interaction between FcεRI and CD13 in murine MCs. Antigen-triggered activation of IgE-loaded FcεRI results in cocapping and cointernalization of CD13 and equivalent internalization rates of up to 40%. Cointernalization is not unspecific, because ligand-driven KIT internalization is not accompanied by CD13 internalization. Moreover, antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD13 causes IL-6 production in an FcεRI-dependent manner. These data are indicative of a functional interaction between FcεRI and CD13 on MCs. To determine the role of this interaction, CD13-deficient bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) were analyzed. Intriguingly, antigen stimulation of CD13-deficient BMMCs results in significantly increased degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production compared to wild-type cells. Furthermore, in a low-dose model of passive systemic anaphylaxis, antigen-dependent decrease in body temperature, reflecting the anaphylactic reaction, is substantially enhanced by the CD13 inhibitor bestatin (-5.9 ± 0.6°C) and by CD13 deficiency (-8.8 ± 0.6°C) in contrast to controls (-1.2 ± 1.97°C). Importantly, bestatin does not aggravate anaphylaxis in CD13-deficient mice. Thus, we have identified CD13 as a novel negative regulator of MC activation in vitro and in vivo-Zotz, J. S., Wölbing, F., Lassnig, C., Kauffmann, M., Schulte, U., Kolb, A., Whitelaw, B., Müller, M., Biedermann, T., Huber, M. CD13/aminopeptidase N is a negative regulator of mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Zotz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Wölbing
- Department of Dermatology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Kauffmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulte
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (Bioss), Freiburg, Germany; Logopharm GmbH, March-Buchheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolb
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; and
| | - Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;
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13
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Hainzl E, Stockinger S, Rauch I, Heider S, Berry D, Lassnig C, Schwab C, Rosebrock F, Milinovich G, Schlederer M, Wagner M, Schleper C, Loy A, Urich T, Kenner L, Han X, Decker T, Strobl B, Müller M. Intestinal Epithelial Cell Tyrosine Kinase 2 Transduces IL-22 Signals To Protect from Acute Colitis. J Immunol 2015; 195:5011-24. [PMID: 26432894 PMCID: PMC4635564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the intestinal tract, IL-22 activates STAT3 to promote intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) homeostasis and tissue healing. The mechanism has remained obscure, but we demonstrate that IL-22 acts via tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2), a member of the Jak family. Using a mouse model for colitis, we show that Tyk2 deficiency is associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota and exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease. Colitic Tyk2(-/-) mice have less p-STAT3 in colon tissue and their IECs proliferate less efficiently. Tyk2-deficient primary IECs show reduced p-STAT3 in response to IL-22 stimulation, and expression of IL-22-STAT3 target genes is reduced in IECs from healthy and colitic Tyk2(-/-) mice. Experiments with conditional Tyk2(-/-) mice reveal that IEC-specific depletion of Tyk2 aggravates colitis. Disease symptoms can be alleviated by administering high doses of rIL-22-Fc, indicating that Tyk2 deficiency can be rescued via the IL-22 receptor complex. The pivotal function of Tyk2 in IL-22-dependent colitis was confirmed in Citrobacter rodentium-induced disease. Thus, Tyk2 protects against acute colitis in part by amplifying inflammation-induced epithelial IL-22 signaling to STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hainzl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Stockinger
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Susanne Heider
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Rosebrock
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Milinovich
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Schleper
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Loy
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Urich
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Clinical Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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14
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Poelzl A, Prchal-Murphy M, Rom R, Kaufmann T, Lassnig C, Mueller M, Strobl B. ID: 131. Cytokine 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.08.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Üstün S, Lassnig C, Preitschopf A, Mikula M, Müller M, Hengstschläger M, Weichhart T. Effects of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in murine acute lung injury models. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:45-50. [PMID: 26073719 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key signaling kinase associated with a variety of cellular functions including the regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses. Classic mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin or everolimus are commonly used in transplant as well as cancer patients to prevent transplant rejection or cancer progression, respectively. Noninfectious drug-induced pneumonitis is a frequent side effect in mTOR-inhibitor-treated patients. Therefore, we tested the effects of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and the novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in a murine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury model. C57BL/6 mice were treated with either everolimus or NVP-BEZ235 on two consecutive days prior to intratracheal administration of LPS. LPS administration induced a significant increase in total cell, neutrophil and erythrocyte numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological examination revealed a serious lung injury as shown by interstitial edema, vascular congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration in these mice after 24h. Everolimus as well as NVP-BEZ235 did not noticeably affect overall histopathology of the lungs in the lung injury model. However, NVP-BEZ235 enhanced IL-6 and TNF-α expression after 24h. In contrast, everolimus did not affect IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Interestingly, both inhibitors reduced inflammatory cytokines in an LPS/oleic acid-induced lung injury model. In conclusion, the mTOR inhibitors did not worsen the overall histopathological severity, but they exerted distinct effects on proinflammatory cytokine expression in the lung depending on the lung injury model applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdican Üstün
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics & Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Preitschopf
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Mikula
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics & Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Grunert T, Monahan A, Lassnig C, Vogl C, Müller M, Ehling-Schulz M. Deciphering host genotype-specific impacts on the metabolic fingerprint of Listeria monocytogenes by FTIR spectroscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115959. [PMID: 25541972 PMCID: PMC4277405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are known for their wide range of strategies to specifically adapt to host environments and infection sites. An in-depth understanding of these adaptation mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective therapeutics and new prevention measures. In this study, we assessed the suitability of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for monitoring metabolic adaptations of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to specific host genotypes and for exploring the potential of FTIR spectroscopy to gain novel insights into the host-pathogen interaction. Three different mouse genotypes, showing different susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infections, were challenged with L. monocytogenes and re-isolated bacteria were subjected to FTIR spectroscopy. The bacteria from mice with different survival characteristics showed distinct IR spectral patterns, reflecting specific changes in the backbone conformation and the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the protein secondary structure in the bacterial cell. Coupling FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics allowed us to link bacterial metabolic fingerprints with host infection susceptibility and to decipher longtime memory effects of the host on the bacteria. After prolonged cultivation of host-passaged bacteria under standard laboratory conditions, the host's imprint on bacterial metabolism vanished, which suggests a revertible metabolic adaptation of bacteria to host environment and loss of host environment triggered memory effects over time. In summary, our work demonstrates the potential and power of FTIR spectroscopy to be used as a fast, simple and highly discriminatory tool to investigate the mechanism of bacterial host adaptation on a macromolar and metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Avril Monahan
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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17
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Parrini M, Semper C, Leitner NR, Lassnig C, Vogl C, Wienerroither S, Decker T, Müller M, Strobl B. 144. Cytokine 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.07.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Vielnascher RM, Hainzl E, Leitner NR, Rammerstorfer M, Popp D, Witalisz A, Rom R, Karaghiosoff M, Kolbe T, Müller S, Rülicke T, Lassnig C, Strobl B, Müller M. Conditional ablation of TYK2 in immunity to viral infection and tumor surveillance. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:519-29. [PMID: 24696087 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-014-9795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) has a pivotal role in immunity to infection and tumor surveillance. It is associated with several cytokine receptor chains including type I interferon (IFN) receptor 1 (IFNAR1), interleukin- (IL-) 12 receptor beta 1 (IL-12Rb1) and IL-10R2. We have generated a mouse with a conditional Tyk2 null allele and proved integrity of the conditional Tyk2 locus. TYK2 was successfully removed by the use of ubiquitous and tissue-specific Cre-expressing mouse strains. Myeloid TYK2 was found to critically contribute to the defense against murine cytomegalovirus. Ubiquitous TYK2 ablation severely impaired tumor immunosurveillance, while deletion in myeloid, dendritic or T cells alone showed no effect. The conditional Tyk2 mouse strain will be instrumental to further dissect TYK2 functions in infection, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund M Vielnascher
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Leitner NR, Lassnig C, Rom R, Heider S, Bago-Horvath Z, Eferl R, Müller S, Kolbe T, Kenner L, Rülicke T, Strobl B, Müller M. Inducible, dose-adjustable and time-restricted reconstitution of STAT1 deficiency in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86608. [PMID: 24489749 PMCID: PMC3906053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 is a key player in interferon (IFN) signaling, essential in mediating host defense against viruses and other pathogens. STAT1 levels are tightly regulated and loss- or gain-of-function mutations in mice and men lead to severe diseases. We have generated a doxycycline (dox) -inducible, FLAG-tagged Stat1 expression system in mice lacking endogenous STAT1 (i.e. Stat1ind mice). We show that STAT1 expression depends on the time and dose of dox treatment in primary cells and a variety of organs isolated from Stat1ind mice. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, a fraction of the amount of STAT1 present in WT cells is sufficient for full expression of IFN-induced genes. Dox-induced STAT1 established protection against virus infections in primary cells and mice. The availability of the Stat1ind mouse model will enable an examination of the consequences of variable amounts of STAT1. The model will also permit the study of STAT1 dose-dependent and reversible functions as well as of STAT1's contributions to the development, progression and resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (NRL); (MM)
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Center Biomodels Austria (BIAT), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Rom
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Heider
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- University Center Biomodels Austria (BIAT), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department IFA-Tulln, Biotechnology in Animal Production, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Center Biomodels Austria (BIAT), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (NRL); (MM)
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20
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Liehl P, Zuzarte-Luís V, Chan J, Zillinger T, Baptista F, Carapau D, Konert M, Hanson KK, Carret C, Lassnig C, Müller M, Kalinke U, Saeed M, Chora AF, Golenbock DT, Strobl B, Prudêncio M, Coelho LP, Kappe SH, Superti-Furga G, Pichlmair A, Vigário AM, Rice CM, Fitzgerald KA, Barchet W, Mota MM. Host-cell sensors for Plasmodium activate innate immunity against liver-stage infection. Nat Med 2013; 20:47-53. [PMID: 24362933 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Before they infect red blood cells and cause malaria, Plasmodium parasites undergo an obligate and clinically silent expansion phase in the liver that is supposedly undetected by the host. Here, we demonstrate the engagement of a type I interferon (IFN) response during Plasmodium replication in the liver. We identified Plasmodium RNA as a previously unrecognized pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) capable of activating a type I IFN response via the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor Mda5. This response, initiated by liver-resident cells through the adaptor molecule for cytosolic RNA sensors, Mavs, and the transcription factors Irf3 and Irf7, is propagated by hepatocytes in an interferon-α/β receptor-dependent manner. This signaling pathway is critical for immune cell-mediated host resistance to liver-stage Plasmodium infection, which we find can be primed with other PAMPs, including hepatitis C virus RNA. Together, our results show that the liver has sensor mechanisms for Plasmodium that mediate a functional antiparasite response driven by type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Liehl
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jennie Chan
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- 1] Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [2]
| | - Fernanda Baptista
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Carapau
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madlen Konert
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kirsten K Hanson
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Céline Carret
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels, Austria University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels, Austria University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo Ferreira Chora
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels, Austria University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis P Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefan H Kappe
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana M Vigário
- 1] Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. [2] Unidade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de compentência de ciências da vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Köprülü AD, Kastner R, Wienerroither S, Lassnig C, Putz EM, Majer O, Reutterer B, Sexl V, Kuchler K, Müller M, Decker T, Ellmeier W. The tyrosine kinase Btk regulates the macrophage response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60476. [PMID: 23544144 PMCID: PMC3609758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in the immune response to the Gram-positive intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). In response to Lm infection, Btk was activated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and Btk−/− BMMs showed enhanced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12p40 secretion, while type I interferons were produced at levels similar to wild-type (wt) BMMs. Although Btk-deficient BMMs displayed reduced phagocytosis of E. coli fragments, there was no difference between wt and Btk−/− BMMs in the uptake of Lm upon infection. Moreover, there was no difference in the response to heat-killed Lm between wt and Btk−/− BMMs, suggesting a role for Btk in signaling pathways that are induced by intracellular Lm. Finally, Btk−/− mice displayed enhanced resistance and an increased mean survival time upon Lm infection in comparison to wt mice. This correlated with elevated IFN-γ and IL-12p70 serum levels in Btk−/− mice at day 1 after infection. Taken together, our data suggest an important regulatory role for Btk in macrophages during Lm infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afitap Derya Köprülü
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kastner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Wienerroither
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Putz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivia Majer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Reutterer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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22
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Katholnig K, Kaltenecker CC, Hayakawa H, Rosner M, Lassnig C, Zlabinger GJ, Gaestel M, Müller M, Hengstschläger M, Hörl WH, Park JM, Säemann MD, Weichhart T. p38α senses environmental stress to control innate immune responses via mechanistic target of rapamycin. J Immunol 2013; 190:1519-27. [PMID: 23315073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK p38α senses environmental stressors and orchestrates inflammatory and immunomodulatory reactions. However, the molecular mechanism how p38α controls immunomodulatory responses in myeloid cells remains elusive. We found that in monocytes and macrophages, p38α activated the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in vitro and in vivo. p38α signaling in myeloid immune cells promoted IL-10 but inhibited IL-12 expression via mTOR and blocked the differentiation of proinflammatory CD4(+) Th1 cells. Cellular stress induced p38α-mediated mTOR activation that was independent of PI3K but dependent on the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 and on the inhibition of tuberous sclerosis 1 and 2, a negative regulatory complex of mTOR signaling. Remarkably, p38α and PI3K concurrently modulated mTOR to balance IL-12 and IL-10 expression. Our data link p38α to mTOR signaling in myeloid immune cells that is decisive for tuning the immune response in dependence on the environmental milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Katholnig
- Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Majer O, Bourgeois C, Zwolanek F, Lassnig C, Kerjaschki D, Mack M, Müller M, Kuchler K. Type I interferons promote fatal immunopathology by regulating inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils during Candida infections. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002811. [PMID: 22911155 PMCID: PMC3406095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections by Candida albicans (Ca) are a frequent cause of lethal sepsis in intensive care unit patients. While a contribution of type I interferons (IFNs-I) in fungal sepsis remains unknown, these immunostimulatory cytokines mediate the lethal effects of endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis. Using a mouse model lacking a functional IFN-I receptor (Ifnar1−/−), we demonstrate a remarkable protection against invasive Ca infections. We discover a mechanism whereby IFN-I signaling controls the recruitment of inflammatory myeloid cells, including Ly6Chi monocytes and neutrophils, to infected kidneys by driving expression of the chemokines CCL2 and KC. Within kidneys, monocytes differentiate into inflammatory DCs but fail to functionally mature in Ifnar1−/− mice, as demonstrated by the impaired upregulation of the key activation markers PDCA1 and iNOS. The increased activity of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils results in hyper-inflammation and lethal kidney pathology. Pharmacological diminution of monocytes and neutrophils by treating mice with pioglitazone, a synthetic agonist of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), strongly reduces renal immunopathology during Ca infection and improves mouse survival. Taken together, our data connect for the first time the sepsis-promoting functions of IFNs-I to the CCL2-mediated recruitment and the activation of inflammatory monocytes/DCs with high host-destructing potency. Moreover, our data demonstrate a therapeutic relevance of PPAR-γ agonists for microbial infectious diseases where inflammatory myeloid cells may contribute to fatal tissue damage. Inflammation constitutes a major host response in many microbial infections. Innate immune cells orchestrate the inflammatory response to kill pathogens and clear infections. However, invasive infections by pathogenic microbes including the fungus Candida albicans, can result in an uncontrolled hyper-inflammatory response, leading to severe host damage and sepsis. Type I interferons constitute a hallmark of protective innate immunity in viral and bacterial infections, but at the same time have been notoriously known for their sepsis-promoting effects in numerous experimental inflammation models. Here, we show that type I interferon-signaling mediates the lethal hyper-inflammatory response during systemic mouse infections with C. albicans. Following fungal infections, type I interferons promote the recruitment and activation of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils to infected organs. The high abundance and activity of inflammatory phagocytes lead to fatal tissue damage. Remarkably, we show that the pharmacological suppression of these inflammatory cells with the drug pioglitazone reduces immunopathology and sepsis-related lethality, suggesting a novel therapeutic option to combat fungal sepsis. In conclusion, our data couple the sepsis-promoting role of type I interferons to the host-destructive activity of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. We propose that therapeutic approaches dampening hyper-inflammation might be of general importance in microbial diseases where deleterious immunopathology occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Majer
- Medical University Vienna-Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Infection Biology, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Prchal-Murphy M, Semper C, Lassnig C, Wallner B, Gausterer C, Teppner-Klymiuk I, Kobolak J, Müller S, Kolbe T, Karaghiosoff M, Dinnyés A, Rülicke T, Leitner NR, Strobl B, Müller M. TYK2 kinase activity is required for functional type I interferon responses in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39141. [PMID: 22723949 PMCID: PMC3377589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and is involved in cytokine signalling. In vitro analyses suggest that TYK2 also has kinase-independent, i.e., non-canonical, functions. We have generated gene-targeted mice harbouring a mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. The Tyk2 kinase-inactive (Tyk2K923E) mice are viable and show no gross abnormalities. We show that kinase-active TYK2 is required for full-fledged type I interferon- (IFN) induced activation of the transcription factors STAT1-4 and for the in vivo antiviral defence against viruses primarily controlled through type I IFN actions. In addition, TYK2 kinase activity was found to be required for the protein’s stability. An inhibitory function was only observed upon over-expression of TYK2K923Ein vitro. Tyk2K923E mice represent the first model for studying the kinase-independent function of a JAK in vivo and for assessing the consequences of side effects of JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Semper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wallner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gausterer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julianna Kobolak
- Genetic Reprogramming Group Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Simone Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Agrobiotechnology IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Karaghiosoff
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Dinnyés
- Genetic Reprogramming Group Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
- Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent Istvan University, Gödöllö, Hungary
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole R. Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Huemer HP, Lassnig C, Bernhard D, Sturm S, Nowotny N, Kitchen M, Pavlic M. Cannabinoids lead to enhanced virulence of the smallpox vaccine (vaccinia) virus. Immunobiology 2011; 216:670-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huemer HP, Lassnig C, Nowotny N. Cowpox virus isolate virulent in humans shows attenuated phenotype in mice. Res Vet Sci 2011; 92:333-7. [PMID: 21463881 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We have cultured Cowpox virus (CPXV) from skin lesion material of a human patient from Austria. Phylogenetic comparison of the HA-gene revealed a rather homogeneous cluster with other local isolates from recent years, the A36R-gene was mostly related to elephant derived strains from Germany. Despite causing disease in human, the isolate AT/Carinthia/788/07 surprisingly even at high titers showed a highly reduced virulence in BALB/c mice upon intranasal inoculation as compared to vaccinia virus. This contrasts earlier reports on other CPXV isolates. Using shotgun DNA sequencing several insertions and deletions were found in genes presumably involved in host range, immune regulation as well as established virulence factors. These preliminary data could be an indication that CPXV strains with proven pathogenicity for humans may have reduced virulence in mice and vice versa. Additionally strains with a reduced virulence may have an advantage in persisting in less dense rodent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig P Huemer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, R.301, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Stiefvater R, Hofmann E, Kolbe T, Reichart U, Lassnig C, Vogl C, Poli V, Müller M, Strobl B. PS1-67 TYK2 is required for IL-17 production by innate immune cells in response to IPS. Cytokine 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Weichhart T, Brandt O, Lassnig C, Müller M, Hörl WH, Stingl G, Säemann MD. The anti-inflammatory potency of dexamethasone is determined by the route of application in vivo. Immunol Lett 2010; 129:50-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zeidler U, Lettner T, Lassnig C, Müller M, Lajko R, Hintner H, Breitenbach M, Bito A. UME6is a crucial downstream target of other transcriptional regulators of true hyphal development inCandida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2009; 9:126-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2008.00459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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30
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Lassnig C, Kolb A, Strobl B, Enjuanes L, Müller M. Studying human pathogens in animal models: fine tuning the humanized mouse. Transgenic Res 2006; 14:803-6. [PMID: 16315087 PMCID: PMC7088949 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-005-1676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mice are crucial tools for studying human pathogens in systemic situations. An animal model of human coronavirus infectious disease has been generated by gene transfer of the human receptor for virus-cell interaction (aminopeptidase N, APN, CD13) into mice. We showed that in vitro and in vivo infections across the species barrier differ in their requirements. Transgenic cells were susceptible to human coronavirus HCoV-229E infection demonstrating the requirement of hAPN for viral cell entry. Transgenic mice, however, could not be infected suggesting additional requirements for in vivo virus susceptibility. Crossing hAPN transgenic mice with interferon unresponsive Stat1−/− mice resulted in markedly enhanced virus replication in vitro but did not result in detectable virus replication in vivo. Adaptation of the human virus to murine cells led to successful infection of the humanized transgenic mice. Future genetic engineering approaches are suggested to provide animal models for the better understanding of human infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lassnig
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Center for Biomodels and Transgenetics (ÖZBT), University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Strobl
- Austrian Center for Biomodels and Transgenetics (ÖZBT), University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Biotechnology in Animal Production, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Center for Biomodels and Transgenetics (ÖZBT), University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Lassnig C, Sanchez CM, Egerbacher M, Walter I, Majer S, Kolbe T, Pallares P, Enjuanes L, Müller M. Development of a transgenic mouse model susceptible to human coronavirus 229E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:8275-80. [PMID: 15919828 PMCID: PMC1140478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408589102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E is a group 1 coronavirus and is specific to humans. So far, no animal model is available to study the pathogenesis of infection by HCoV-229E. We show here that the expression of aminopeptidase N (APN, also termed CD13), the receptor for HCoV-229E, is required but not sufficient to confer susceptibility in vivo. HCoV-229E infection was facilitated by crossing APN transgenic mice into signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) 1 null mice and by adaptation of HCoV-229E to grow in primary APN transgenic, Stat1 null fibroblasts. Double transgenic mice allow the study of human coronavirus group 1 infections in an animal model, in particular, viral tropism, replication, recombination, and spread in an immunocompromised situation. Furthermore, these mice provide an important tool for the evaluation of biosafety and efficacy of coronavirus-based vectors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD13 Antigens/genetics
- CD13 Antigens/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronavirus 229E, Human/genetics
- Coronavirus 229E, Human/pathogenicity
- Coronavirus 229E, Human/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Fibroblasts
- Genotype
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic/genetics
- Species Specificity
- Transgenes/genetics
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lassnig
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Immunogenetic, Cytogenetic, and Molecular Genetic Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Drögemüller C, Kuiper H, Spötter A, Martins-Wess F, Williams JL, Lassnig C, Distl O, Müller M, Leeb T. Assignment of the bovine TYK2 and PDE4A genes to bovine chromosome 7q15 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 108:363. [PMID: 15628036 DOI: 10.1159/000081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Drögemüller
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
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Leeb T, Martins-Wess F, Kuiper H, Lassnig C, Distl O, Müller M. Molecular characterization of the porcine TYK2 gene on SSC 2q1.3→q2.1. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 107:103-7. [PMID: 15305063 DOI: 10.1159/000079578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TYK2 is a member of the janus protein kinase family and plays an important role in the signal transduction of various cytokines including interferon alpha/beta. Cloning and characterization of the porcine TYK2 gene revealed a conserved organization with respect to other mammalian TYK2 orthologs. The porcine gene consists of 25 exons spanning approximately 26 kb and encoding a 5.3-kb mRNA. It is located in a GC-rich and gene-rich chromosome region and contains several CpG islands. The predicted 132-kDa TYK2 protein consists of 1,184 amino acids and shows 85% identity to the human TYK2 protein. The porcine TYK2 gene was localized by FISH and RH-mapping on SSC 2q1.3-->q2.1, which is in good agreement with established human-mouse-pig comparative maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Leeb
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Grosse-Hovest L, Müller S, Minoia R, Wolf E, Zakhartchenko V, Wenigerkind H, Lassnig C, Besenfelder U, Müller M, Lytton SD, Jung G, Brem G. Cloned transgenic farm animals produce a bispecific antibody for T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:6858-63. [PMID: 15105446 PMCID: PMC406432 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308487101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex recombinant antibody fragments for modulation of immune function such as tumor cell destruction have emerged at a rapid pace and diverse anticancer strategies are being developed to benefit patients. Despite improvements in molecule design and expression systems, the quantity and stability, e.g., of single-chain antibodies produced in cell culture, is often insufficient for treatment of human disease, and the costs of scale-up, labor, and fermentation facilities are prohibitive. The ability to yield mg/ml levels of recombinant antibodies and the scale-up flexibility make transgenic production in plants and livestock an attractive alternative to mammalian cell culture as a source of large quantities of biotherapeutics. Here, we report on the efficient production of a bispecific single-chain antibody in the serum of transgenic rabbits and a herd of nine cloned, transgenic cattle. The bispecific protein, designated r28M, is directed to a melanoma-associated proteoglycan and the human CD28 molecule on T cells. Purified from the serum of transgenic animals, the protein is stable and fully active in mediating target cell-restricted T cell stimulation and tumor cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Grosse-Hovest
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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35
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Kuiper H, Martins-Wess F, Lassnig C, Distl O, Müller M, Leeb T. Assignment of the porcine janus kinase 1 gene (JAK1) to chromosome 6q34-->q35 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. Cytogenet Genome Res 2003; 101:92D. [PMID: 14571147 DOI: 10.1159/000073682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2003] [Accepted: 06/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Kuiper
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Coulibaly S, Besenfelder U, Miller I, Zinovieva N, Lassnig C, Kotler T, Jameson JL, Gemeiner M, Müller M, Brem G. Expression and characterization of functional recombinant bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (boFSHalpha/beta) produced in the milk of transgenic rabbits. Mol Reprod Dev 2002; 63:300-8. [PMID: 12237945 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.90013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bovine follicle-stimulating hormone (boFSH) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that belongs to the pituitary gonadotropins. Bioactive FSH is composed of alpha and beta subunits which require extensive N-glycosylation and sialylation. The mammary gland of transgenic livestock is an attractive source for the synthesis of post-translationally modified proteins. Two mammary gland-specific gene constructs with the cDNA for the boFSH alpha (boFSHalpha) and beta (boFSHbeta) subunits controlled by bovine alpha-s1 casein regulatory sequences were co-microinjected into fertilized rabbit oocytes. Two FSHalpha/FSHbeta double transgenic rabbit lines were established. The transgene expression was strictly lactation and mammary gland specific. Protein analysis revealed the presence of the boFSH heterodimer in the milk of transgenic rabbits showing a molecular weight similar to that of purified pituitary gland derived boFSH (boFSH-P). Subunit specific antibodies detected both polypeptides with the expected molecular sizes. Biochemical characterization demonstrated the expected isoelectric points of the recombinant boFSH. The presence of the post-translationally added terminal sialic acid residues was indicated by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin Western blotting. The biological activity of the recombinant mammary gland produced boFSH was determined using a FSH-dependent reporter cell line. The bioactivity of the recombinant boFSH was comparable to that of purified boFSH-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Coulibaly
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Immunogenetic, Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Research, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Zakhartchenko V, Mueller S, Alberio R, Schernthaner W, Stojkovic M, Wenigerkind H, Wanke R, Lassnig C, Mueller M, Wolf E, Brem G. Nuclear transfer in cattle with non-transfected and transfected fetal or cloned transgenic fetal and postnatal fibroblasts. Mol Reprod Dev 2001; 60:362-9. [PMID: 11599047 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of nuclear transfer (NT) using two primary cultures of fetal fibroblasts (FF1 and FF2) was compared vs. the same cultures transfected with an expression vector in which the bovine prochymosin coding sequence is placed under the control of the bovine alpha(S1)-casein promoter (TFF1 and TFF2). In addition, fibroblasts of a cloned transgenic fetus (TRFF1) derived from TFF1 and ear skin fibroblasts of a 1-month-old cloned transgenic calf (TRCF1) derived from TRFF1 were used as nuclear donors. Embryos reconstructed from FF1 (44%) and FF2 (52%) developed to the blastocyst stage at a significantly (P < 0.05) higher rate than those derived from TFF1 (24%) and TFF2 (27%). The proportions of cleaved embryos and blastocysts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with TRFF1 than with TRCF1 used as nuclear donors (75 vs. 66% and 33 vs. 16%, respectively). Transfer of NT embryos derived from FF2 and TFF2 to recipients resulted in similar pregnancy rates on day 30 (52 and 48%, respectively). However, with TFF2 embryos, the majority of pregnancies (8/11; 73%) was lost in the first and second trimesters of gestation, whereas 4/11 (36%) pregnancies with FF2 embryos were lost during the full period of in vivo development. Of 11 FF2 and 6 TFF2 born calves (25 and 13% of transferred embryos, respectively), 6 and 3 survived including one oversized FF2 calf. After transfer of TRFF1 and TRCF1 NT embryos to recipients, initial pregnancy rate was as a tendency higher in the TRFF1 (49%) than in the TRCF1 group (30%). The majority (14/17) of TRFF1 pregnancies and all TRCF1 pregnancies were lost in the first and second trimester. A high proportion of TRFF1 calves (5/8) showed increased body weights, and only two calves which were also large survived. These findings demonstrate that (i) extended culture associated with transfection and selection procedures may induce changes of donor cells which markedly decrease the efficiency of nuclear transfer and (ii) these changes are not reversed by recloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zakhartchenko
- Department of Molecular Animal Breeding and Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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38
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Karaghiosoff M, Neubauer H, Lassnig C, Kovarik P, Schindler H, Pircher H, McCoy B, Bogdan C, Decker T, Brem G, Pfeffer K, Müller M. Partial impairment of cytokine responses in Tyk2-deficient mice. Immunity 2000; 13:549-60. [PMID: 11070173 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of the Janus kinase (Jak) family member Tyk2, we have generated Tyk2-/- mice. In contrast to other Jaks, where inactivation leads to a complete loss of the respective cytokine receptor signal, Tyk2-/- mice display reduced responses to IFNalpha/beta and IL-12 and a selective deficiency in Stat3 activation in these pathways. Unexpectedly, IFNgamma signaling is also impaired in Tyk2-/- mice. Tyk2-/- macrophages fail to produce nitric oxide upon lipopolysaccharide induction. Tyk2-/- mice are unable to clear vaccinia virus and show a reduced T cell response after LCMV challenge. These data imply a selective contribution of Tyk2 to the signals triggered by various biological stimuli and cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karaghiosoff
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Veterinary University of Vienna, Austria
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Mueller S, Prelle K, Rieger N, Petznek H, Lassnig C, Luksch U, Aigner B, Baetscher M, Wolf E, Mueller M, Brem G. Chimeric pigs following blastocyst injection of transgenic porcine primordial germ cells. Mol Reprod Dev 1999; 54:244-54. [PMID: 10497346 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199911)54:3<244::aid-mrd5>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Porcine primordial germ cell (PGC) derived cell lines of WAPhGH-transgenic pigs have been established that were able to contribute to chimeras. PGCs were isolated from day 25 to 28 genital ridges of more than 30 individual transgenic fetuses in order to have an easy to follow marker gene. To support undifferentiated growth, cell lines were derived and stable maintained on STO no. 8 feeder cells, a murine embryonic fibroblast cell line expressing recombinant, membrane-bound porcine stem cell factor (SCF). Fifteen lines proliferated in an undifferentiated state up to passage 13; two lines were maintained for more than 23 passages. Cell staining experiments for differentiation markers in several cell lines, indicated the presence of pluripotent cells in prolonged cultures. Further characterization using karyotyping revealed a normal, euploid set of chromosomes in cells of passages 15 and higher. Pluripotency of freshly isolated, short-term (up to 24 hr before injection) and long-term cultured, frozen/thawed cells was tested by injection into day 6 recipient blastocysts to give rise to chimeric piglets. The injected embryos (n = 209) were endoscopically transferred into the uterine horns of 11 recipient gilts. Tissue analysis from 49 fetuses and eighteen liveborn piglets for PGC contribution in chimeras was carried out using PCR analysis for the presence of the marker transgene. Thirty-two fetuses showed detectable chimerism in up to five out of 12 tissues analyzed. Skin samples from eight piglets were positive for the transgene, four of them displayed coat colour chimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mueller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Zinovieva N, Lassnig C, Schams D, Besenfelder U, Wolf E, Müller S, Frenyo L, Seregi J, Müller M, Brem G. Stable production of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the milk of hemi- and homozygous transgenic rabbits over several generations. Transgenic Res 1998; 7:437-47. [PMID: 10341452 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008831028620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One transgenic rabbit line was generated carrying a fusion gene consisting of the cDNA for human IGF-1 fused to a mammary gland specific expression cassette derived from bovine alpha-S1-casein sequences. Transgene expression was shown to be strictly tissue and lactation period specific. The transgenic rabbit line was bred for six generations. All transgenic animals showed stable production of biologically active IGF-1 over the generations and no apparent effect on the physiological or reproductive performance was observed. The absence of adverse effects on homozygous transgenic rabbits suggested the absence of insertional mutagenesis. Eight hemizygous transgenic offspring analysed produced on average 363 +/- 12 micrograms/ml (ranging from 223 +/- 61 to 484 +/- 39 micrograms/ml) mature human IGF-1 in their milk, whereas three homozygous animals produced on average 543 +/- 41 micrograms/ml (ranging from 360 +/- 15 to 678 +/- 80 micrograms/ml). Homozygous hulGF-1 females clearly showed a significantly increased production performance of the recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zinovieva
- Research Center for Milk and Food Weihenstephan, TU Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan
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41
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Kartnig T, von Hörsten D, Lassnig C, Classen B. [The application of microwave energy in preparation of herbal drugs. 2]. Pharmazie 1995; 50:498-504. [PMID: 7675897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of various plant organs the relation between the used microwave energy and the drying processes, temperatures of the surface and the interior of the drying materials as well as the remaining moisture in the drugs was investigated. Leaf, flower and herb drugs showed a similar drying behaviour. Plant material of high humidity, e.g. meaty fruits or roots, should be dried by means of pulsed microwave application to avoid too high temperatures. In almost all investigated drugs microwave drying resulted in a lower remaining moisture than air drying. The effect of microwave irradiation on carbohydrates, fats and proteins in plant materials was preliminarily investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kartnig
- Institut für Pharmakognosie der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Osterreich
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42
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Kartnig T, Lücke W, Lassnig C. [The application of microwave energy in preparing medicinal plant drugs. 1]. Pharmazie 1994; 49:610-3. [PMID: 7938151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a specially constructed microwave device, containing a steady-state-broadcasting magnetron that is infinitely adjustable within a range of 100 to 1200 W, the applicability of microwave energy for drying medicinal plants was investigated. When optimising the drying parameters (e.g. microwave power, time of irradiation, mass of plant material, thickness of layer) most of the obtained leave, flower, herb and root drugs showed a significant better appearance (colour) than the air dried drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kartnig
- Institut für Pharmakognosie, Karl-Frazens-Universität Graz, Osterreich
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Lassnig C, Dorsch M, Wolters J, Schaber E, Stöffler G, Stackebrandt E. Phylogenetic evidence for the relationship between the generaMobiluncusandActinomyces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Lassnig C, Dorsch M, Wolters J, Schaber E, Stöffler G, Stackebrandt E. Phylogenetic evidence for the relationship between the genera Mobiluncus and Actinomyces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989; 53:17-21. [PMID: 2482221 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1097(89)90359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA from Mobiluncus curtisii and M. mulieris clearly indicate that the genus Mobiluncus is not a member of the Bacteroidaceae but belongs to the order Actinomycetales. The highest degree of relationship is found with the genus Actinomyces which is supported by the presence of common physiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lassnig
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Innsbruck, Austria
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