1
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Mödl B, Awad M, Zwolanek D, Scharf I, Schwertner K, Milovanovic D, Moser D, Schmidt K, Pjevac P, Hausmann B, Krauß D, Mohr T, Svinka J, Kenner L, Casanova E, Timelthaler G, Sibilia M, Krieger S, Eferl R. Defects in microvillus crosslinking sensitize to colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57084. [PMID: 37691494 PMCID: PMC10561180 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells are covered by the brush border, which consists of densely packed microvilli. The Intermicrovillar Adhesion Complex (IMAC) links the microvilli and is required for proper brush border organization. Whether microvillus crosslinking is involved in the intestinal barrier function or colitis is currently unknown. We investigate the role of microvillus crosslinking in colitis in mice with deletion of the IMAC component CDHR5. Electron microscopy shows pronounced brush border defects in CDHR5-deficient mice. The defects result in severe mucosal damage after exposure to the colitis-inducing agent DSS. DSS increases the permeability of the mucus layer and brings bacteria in direct contact with the disorganized brush border of CDHR5-deficient mice. This correlates with bacterial invasion into the epithelial cell layer which precedes epithelial apoptosis and inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of patients with ulcerative colitis reveals downregulation of CDHR5 in enterocytes of diseased areas. Our results provide experimental evidence that a combination of microvillus crosslinking defects with increased permeability of the mucus layer sensitizes to inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Monira Awad
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Schwertner
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Danijela Milovanovic
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio‐Maxillofacial and Oral SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Cell Imaging & Ultrastructure ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dana Krauß
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Joint Metabolome FacilityUniversity of Vienna and Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Animal PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of PharmacologyMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Department of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Institute of Clinical PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
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2
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Prutsch N, Gurnhofer E, Suske T, Liang HC, Schlederer M, Roos S, Wu LC, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Kornauth C, Leone DA, Svinka J, Eferl R, Limberger T, Aufinger A, Shirsath N, Wolf P, Hielscher T, Sternberg C, Aberger F, Schmoellerl J, Stoiber D, Strobl B, Jäger U, Staber PB, Grebien F, Moriggl R, Müller M, Inghirami GG, Sanda T, Look AT, Turner SD, Kenner L, Merkel O. Correction: Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2020; 34:3105. [PMID: 32665700 PMCID: PMC7584473 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prutsch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gurnhofer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huan Chang Liang
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Roos
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lawren C Wu
- Department of Oncology, Amgen Discovery Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Christoph Kornauth
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dario A Leone
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Limberger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Aufinger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nitesh Shirsath
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
- CBMed Core Lab2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Pflügler S, Svinka J, Scharf I, Crncec I, Filipits M, Charoentong P, Tschurtschenthaler M, Kenner L, Awad M, Stift J, Schernthanner M, Bischl R, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Glitzner E, Moll HP, Casanova E, Timelthaler G, Sibilia M, Gnant M, Lax S, Thaler J, Müller M, Strobl B, Mohr T, Kaser A, Trajanoski Z, Heller G, Eferl R. IDO1 + Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer. Commun Biol 2020; 3:252. [PMID: 32444775 PMCID: PMC7244549 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors have evolved mechanisms to escape anti-tumor immunosurveillance. They limit humoral and cellular immune activities in the stroma and render tumors resistant to immunotherapy. Sensitizing tumor cells to immune attack is an important strategy to revert immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanisms of immune escape are still poorly understood. Here we discover Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)+ Paneth cells in the stem cell niche of intestinal crypts and tumors, which promoted immune escape of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ido1 expression in Paneth cells was strictly Stat1 dependent. Loss of IDO1+ Paneth cells in murine intestinal adenomas with tumor cell-specific Stat1 deletion had profound effects on the intratumoral immune cell composition. Patient samples and TCGA expression data suggested corresponding cells in human colorectal tumors. Thus, our data uncovered an immune escape mechanism of CRC and identify IDO1+ Paneth cells as a target for immunotherapy. Pflügler, Svinka et al. identify a subset of Paneth cells in mouse intestinal crypts and tumors, which express the immune checkpoint molecule Ido1 in a Stat1-dependent manner and promote tumor growth. Gene expression data from human colorectal cancer (CRC) suggest that a similar population is present in human cancer and opens the door for further studies of immune escape mechanisms in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pflügler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilija Crncec
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pornpimol Charoentong
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocenter, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monira Awad
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Schernthanner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Bischl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Glitzner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gnant
- Department of Surgery, Breast Health Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Graz II, 8020, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Johannes Kepler University, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Josef Thaler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, 4600, Wels, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Biocenter, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Gawish R, Bulat T, Biaggio M, Lassnig C, Bago-Horvath Z, Macho-Maschler S, Poelzl A, Simonović N, Prchal-Murphy M, Rom R, Amenitsch L, Ferrarese L, Kornhoff J, Lederer T, Svinka J, Eferl R, Bosmann M, Kalinke U, Stoiber D, Sexl V, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S, Müller M, Strobl B. Myeloid Cells Restrict MCMV and Drive Stress-Induced Extramedullary Hematopoiesis through STAT1. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2394-2406.e5. [PMID: 30811989 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has a high prevalence worldwide, is often fatal for immunocompromised patients, and causes bone marrow suppression. Deficiency of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) results in severely impaired antiviral immunity. We have used cell-type restricted deletion of Stat1 to determine the importance of myeloid cell activity for the defense against murine CMV (MCMV). We show that myeloid STAT1 limits MCMV burden and infection-associated pathology in the spleen but does not affect ultimate clearance of infection. Unexpectedly, we found an essential role of myeloid STAT1 in the induction of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). The EMH-promoting function of STAT1 was not restricted to MCMV infection but was also observed during CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-induced sterile inflammation. Collectively, we provide genetic evidence that signaling through STAT1 in myeloid cells is required to restrict MCMV at early time points post-infection and to induce compensatory hematopoiesis in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Bulat
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Biaggio
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Poelzl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalija Simonović
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rita Rom
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Amenitsch
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Ferrarese
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juliana Kornhoff
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Therese Lederer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hanover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna and Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Biomodels Austria, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Prutsch N, Gurnhofer E, Suske T, Liang HC, Schlederer M, Roos S, Wu LC, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Kornauth C, Leone DA, Svinka J, Eferl R, Limberger T, Aufinger A, Shirsath N, Wolf P, Hielscher T, Sternberg C, Aberger F, Schmoellerl J, Stoiber D, Strobl B, Jäger U, Staber PB, Grebien F, Moriggl R, Müller M, Inghirami GG, Sanda T, Look AT, Turner SD, Kenner L, Merkel O. Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 33:696-709. [PMID: 30131584 PMCID: PMC8076043 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TYK2 is a member of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases that is involved in chromosomal translocation-induced fusion proteins found in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) that lack rearrangements activating the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Here we demonstrate that TYK2 is highly expressed in all cases of human ALCL, and that in a mouse model of NPM-ALK-induced lymphoma, genetic disruption of Tyk2 delays the onset of tumors and prolongs survival of the mice. Lymphomas in this model lacking Tyk2 have reduced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced expression of Mcl1, a pro-survival member of the BCL2 family. These findings in mice are mirrored in human ALCL cell lines, in which TYK2 is activated by autocrine production of IL-10 and IL-22 and by interaction with specific receptors expressed by the cells. Activated TYK2 leads to STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, activated expression of MCL1 and aberrant ALCL cell survival. Moreover, TYK2 inhibitors are able to induce apoptosis in ALCL cells, regardless of the presence or absence of an ALK-fusion. Thus, TYK2 is a dependency that is required for ALCL cell survival through activation of MCL1 expression. TYK2 represents an attractive drug target due to its essential enzymatic domain, and TYK2-specific inhibitors show promise as novel targeted inhibitors for ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prutsch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gurnhofer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huan Chang Liang
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Roos
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lawren C Wu
- Department of Oncology, Amgen Discovery Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Christoph Kornauth
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dario A Leone
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Limberger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Aufinger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nitesh Shirsath
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NYC, USA
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
- CBMed Core Lab2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Crnčec I, Modak M, Gordziel C, Svinka J, Scharf I, Moritsch S, Pathria P, Schlederer M, Kenner L, Timelthaler G, Müller M, Strobl B, Casanova E, Bayer E, Mohr T, Stöckl J, Friedrich K, Eferl R. STAT1 is a sex-specific tumor suppressor in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:514-528. [PMID: 29419930 PMCID: PMC5891040 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon‐inducible transcription factor STAT1 is a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. We investigated sex‐specific STAT1 functions in colitis and colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CRC) using mice with specific STAT1 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells (STAT1∆IEC). Male but not female STAT1∆IEC mice were more resistant to DSS‐induced colitis than sex‐matched STAT1flox/flox controls and displayed reduced intraepithelial infiltration of CD8+ TCRαβ+ granzyme B+ T cells. Moreover, DSS treatment failed to induce expression of T‐cell‐attracting chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells of male but not of female STAT1∆IEC mice. Application of the AOM‐DSS protocol for induction of colitis‐associated CRC resulted in increased intestinal tumor load in male but not in female STAT1∆IEC mice. A sex‐specific stratification of human CRC patients corroborated the data obtained in mice and revealed that reduced tumor cell‐intrinsic nuclear STAT1 protein expression is a poor prognostic factor in men but not in women. These data demonstrate that epithelial STAT1 is a male‐specific tumor suppressor in CRC of mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Crnčec
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Gordziel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Editha Bayer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
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7
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Svinka J, Pflügler S, Mair M, Marschall HU, Hengstler JG, Stiedl P, Poli V, Casanova E, Timelthaler G, Sibilia M, Eferl R. Epidermal growth factor signaling protects from cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:109-117. [PMID: 27568040 PMCID: PMC5225179 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protects from cholestatic liver injury. Specific ablation of STAT3 in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes (STAT3∆hc) aggravated liver damage and fibrosis in the Mdr2-/- (multidrug resistance 2) mouse model for cholestatic disease. Upregulation of bile acid biosynthesis genes and downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression were observed in STAT3∆hc Mdr2-/- mice but the functional consequences of these processes in cholestatic liver injury remained unclear. Here, we show normal canalicular architecture and bile flow but increased amounts of bile acids in the bile of STAT3∆hc Mdr2-/- mice. Moreover, STAT3-deficient hepatocytes displayed increased sensitivity to bile acid-induced apoptosis in vitro. Since EGFR signaling has been reported to protect hepatocytes from bile acid-induced apoptosis, we generated mice with hepatocyte/cholangiocyte-specific ablation of EGFR (EGFR∆hc) and crossed them to Mdr2-/- mice. Importantly, deletion of EGFR phenocopied deletion of STAT3 and led to aggravated liver damage, liver fibrosis, and hyperproliferation of K19+ cholangiocytes. Our data demonstrate hepatoprotective functions of the STAT3-EGFR signaling axis in cholestatic liver disease. KEY MESSAGE STAT3 is a negative regulator of bile acid biosynthesis. STAT3 protects from bile acid-induced apoptosis and regulates EGFR expression. EGFR signaling protects from cholestatic liver injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Pflügler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mair
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Stiedl P, McMahon R, Blaas L, Stanek V, Svinka J, Grabner B, Zollner G, Kessler SM, Claudel T, Müller M, Mikulits W, Bilban M, Esterbauer H, Eferl R, Haybaeck J, Trauner M, Casanova E. Growth hormone resistance exacerbates cholestasis-induced murine liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2015; 61:613-26. [PMID: 25179284 PMCID: PMC4986903 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth hormone (GH) resistance has been associated with liver cirrhosis in humans but its contribution to the disease remains controversial. In order to elucidate whether GH resistance plays a causal role in the establishment and development of liver fibrosis, or rather represents a major consequence thereof, we challenged mice lacking the GH receptor gene (Ghr(-/-), a model for GH resistance) by crossing them with Mdr2 knockout mice (Mdr2(-/-)), a mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Ghr(-/-);Mdr2(-/-) mice showed elevated serum markers associated with liver damage and cholestasis, extensive bile duct proliferation, and increased collagen deposition relative to Mdr2(-/-) mice, thus suggesting a more severe liver fibrosis phenotype. Additionally, Ghr(-/-);Mdr2(-/-) mice had a pronounced down-regulation of hepatoprotective genes Hnf6, Egfr, and Igf-1, and significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in hepatocytes, compared to control mice. Moreover, single knockout mice (Ghr(-/-)) fed with a diet containing 1% cholic acid displayed an increase in hepatocyte ROS production, hepatocyte apoptosis, and bile infarcts compared to their wild-type littermates, indicating that loss of Ghr renders hepatocytes more susceptible to toxic bile acid accumulation. Surprisingly, and despite their severe fibrotic phenotype, Ghr(-/-);Mdr2(-/-) mice displayed a significant decrease in tumor incidence compared to Mdr2(-/-) mice, indicating that loss of Ghr signaling may slow the progression from fibrosis/cirrhosis to cancer in the liver. CONCLUSION GH resistance dramatically exacerbates liver fibrosis in a mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis, therefore suggesting that GH resistance plays a causal role in the disease and provides a novel target for the development of liver fibrosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert McMahon
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leander Blaas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Zollner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Biomodels Austria, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Pathria P, Gotthardt D, Prchal-Murphy M, Putz EM, Holcmann M, Schlederer M, Grabner B, Crncec I, Svinka J, Musteanu M, Hoffmann T, Filipits M, Berger W, Poli V, Kenner L, Bilban M, Casanova E, Müller M, Strobl B, Bayer E, Mohr T, Sexl V, Eferl R. Myeloid STAT3 promotes formation of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e998529. [PMID: 26137415 PMCID: PMC4485776 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2014.998529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells lacking STAT3 promote antitumor responses of NK and T cells but it is unknown if this crosstalk affects development of autochthonous tumors. We deleted STAT3 in murine myeloid cells (STAT3Δm) and examined the effect on the development of autochthonous colorectal cancers (CRCs). Formation of Azoxymethane/Dextransulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced CRCs was strongly suppressed in STAT3Δm mice. Gene expression profiling showed strong activation of T cells in the stroma of STAT3Δm CRCs. Moreover, STAT3Δm host mice were better able to control the growth of transplanted MC38 colorectal tumor cells which are known to be killed in a T cell-dependent manner. These data suggest that myeloid cells lacking STAT3 control formation of CRCs mainly via cross activation of T cells. Interestingly, the few CRCs that formed in STAT3Δm mice displayed enhanced stromalization but appeared normal in size indicating that they have acquired ways to escape enhanced tumor surveillance. We found that CRCs in STAT3Δm mice consistently activate STAT3 signaling which is implicated in immune evasion and might be a target to prevent tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pathria
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Putz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Martin Holcmann
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Grabner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilija Crncec
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Musteanu
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) ; Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin Filipits
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Biotechnology Center; University of Turin ; Italy
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Medical University Vienna; Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR; Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Pathology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Editha Bayer
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute for Cancer Research; Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) ; Vienna, Austria
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10
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) originates from the epithelial cells lining the colon or rectum of the gastrointestinal tract and represents the third most common form of cancer worldwide. CRC is frequently associated with Colitis Ulcerosa or Crohn's Disease demonstrating the tumor-promoting role of inflammation. Colorectal tumor cells establish heterotypic interactions with inflammatory cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor stroma that support tumor angiogenesis and are essential for tumor progression. Therefore, establishment of suitable mouse models mimicking the inflammatory etiology of CRC is important. Here we describe methods to induce CRC in mice, to quantify tumor parameters (multiplicity, tumor load, mean tumor size), and to analyze the cellular composition of the CRC tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Crncec
- Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Stiedl P, Blaas L, Stanek V, Svinka J, Mahon RM, Zollner G, Claudel T, Mueller M, Mikulits W, Esterbauer H, Eferl R, Haybaeck J, Trauner M, Casanova E. Abstract 5349: The role of growth hormone receptor in liver fibrosis and cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is defined as the pathological excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins which contributes to a disruption of normal liver architecture. Fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which can eventually result in hepatocellular carcinoma. Over the past decades our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis has advanced greatly. Activated hepatic stellate cells, myofibroblasts of bone marrow origin and portal fibroblasts have all been identified as major contributors to fibrosis. Recently, growth hormone resistance and low serum levels of IGF-1 have also been associated with liver cirrhosis in humans, indicating a role for growth hormone receptor, which itself controls various cellular functions including the transcription of IGF-1 through Stat 5 signaling. Furthermore, supplementation of recombinant IGF-1 in cirrhotic animal models was shown to reduce disease severity. In order to elucidate whether the GHR plays an active role in the establishment of fibrotic liver diseases or rather represents a major consequence of this illness, we crossed mice lacking the Ghr/bp gene (Ghr -/-) with Mdr2 knockout mice (Mdr2-/-), a mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Our results show that Ghr-/-;Mdr2-/- mice display deregulated bile acid homeostasis and increased serum markers associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Bile duct proliferation and extensive collagen deposition were also observed in Ghr-/-;Mdr2-/- relative to Mdr2-/- mice. Additionally, compared to control mice a pronounced down regulation of the hepato-protective genes Hnf6, Egfr and Igf-1 was seen in Ghr-/-;Mdr2-/- animals, which also displayed significantly increased apoptosis. Moreover, single knockout mice (Ghr-/-) developed bile infacts when fed with 1% cholic acid compared to their wildtype littermates, indicating that loss of GHR renders hepatocytes more susceptible to toxic bile acid accumulation. Surprisingly and despite their severe fibrotic phenotype Ghr -/-; Mdr2 -/- mice showed a significant decrease in tumor incidence compared to Mdr2 -/- mice, indicating that loss of GHR signaling may slow the progression from fibrosis/cirrhosis to cancer in the liver.
Our findings suggest that loss of GHR signaling results in increased liver injury in the Mdr2 -/- mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis and liver fibrosis, signifying the possible therapeutic value of this pathway in the development of liver fibrosis treatments.
Citation Format: Patricia Stiedl, Leander Blaas, Viktoria Stanek, Jasmin Svinka, Robert Mc Mahon, Gernot Zollner, Thierry Claudel, Mathias Mueller, Wolfgang Mikulits, Harald Esterbauer, Robert Eferl, Johannes Haybaeck, Michael Trauner, Emilio Casanova. The role of growth hormone receptor in liver fibrosis and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5349
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Stiedl
- 1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leander Blaas
- 2Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Stanek
- 1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- 3Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M. Mahon
- 4Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Zollner
- 5Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- 4Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Mueller
- 6Biomodels Austria, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- 3Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- 7Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- 3Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Trauner
- 4Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- 1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Abstract
Chronic liver damage and inflammation are strong promoters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. HCC cells communicate with inflammatory and stromal cells via cytokine/chemokine signals. These heterotypic interactions inhibit immunologic anticancer activities and promote protumorigenic activities, such as angiogenesis or invasiveness. STAT3 mediates several reciprocal interactions between liver cancer cells and stromal cells and modulates preconditions of tumor formation such as chronic inflammation. Therefore, activation of STAT3 is considered as a tumor-promoting event in HCC formation. However, the oncogenic role of STAT3 in cancers has been challenged by several reports that suggest a tumor-suppressive activity. Here we discuss tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects of cytokine-activated STAT3 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Svinka
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Musteanu M, Blaas L, Zenz R, Svinka J, Hoffmann T, Grabner B, Schramek D, Kantner HP, Müller M, Kolbe T, Rülicke T, Moriggl R, Kenner L, Stoiber D, Penninger JM, Popper H, Casanova E, Eferl R. A mouse model to identify cooperating signaling pathways in cancer. Nat Methods 2012; 9:897-900. [PMID: 22863881 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We here establish a mouse cancer model called Multi-Hit that allows for the evaluation of oncogene cooperativities in tumor development. The model is based on the stochastic expression of oncogene combinations ('hits') that are mediated by Cre in a given tissue. Cells with cooperating hits are positively selected and give rise to tumors. We used this approach to evaluate the requirement of Ras downstream effector pathways in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Musteanu
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
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