1
|
Francisco AF, Saade U, Jayawardhana S, Pottel H, Scandale I, Chatelain E, Liehl P, Kelly JM, Zrein M. Comparing in vivo bioluminescence imaging and the Multi-Cruzi immunoassay platform to develop improved Chagas disease diagnostic procedures and biomarkers for monitoring parasitological cure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010827. [PMID: 36190992 PMCID: PMC9560623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is a serious public health problem throughout Latin America. With 6 million people infected, there is a major international effort to develop new drugs. In the chronic phase of the disease, the parasite burden is extremely low, infections are highly focal at a tissue/organ level, and bloodstream parasites are only intermittently detectable. As a result, clinical trials are constrained by difficulties associated with determining parasitological cure. Even highly sensitive PCR methodologies can be unreliable, with a tendency to produce "false-cure" readouts. Improved diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for cure are therefore an important medical need. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using an experimental mouse model, we have combined a multiplex assay system and highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging to evaluate serological procedures for diagnosis of T. cruzi infections and confirmation of parasitological cure. We identified a set of three antigens that in the context of the multiplex serology system, provide a rapid, reactive and highly accurate read-out of both acute and chronic T. cruzi infection. In addition, we describe specific antibody responses where down-regulation can be correlated with benznidazole-mediated parasite reduction and others where upregulation is associated with persistent infection. One specific antibody (IBAG39) highly correlated with the bioluminescence flux and represents a promising therapy monitoring biomarker in mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Robust, high-throughput methodologies for monitoring the efficacy of anti-T. cruzi drug treatment are urgently required. Using our experimental systems, we have identified markers of infection or parasite reduction that merit assessing in a clinical setting for the longitudinal monitoring of drug-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fortes Francisco
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shiromani Jayawardhana
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marqué L, Liehl P, De Boer J, Pottel H, Murphy EL, Bruhn R, Stone M, Kaidarova Z, Lee TH, Busch M, Zrein M. A novel high performing multiplex immunoassay Multi-HTLV for serological confirmation and typing of HTLV infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009925. [PMID: 34724004 PMCID: PMC8584783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses (HTLV) type 1 and type 2 account for an estimated 5 to 10 million infections worldwide and are transmitted through breast feeding, sexual contacts and contaminated cellular blood components. HTLV-associated syndromes are considered as neglected diseases for which there are no vaccines or therapies available, making it particularly important to ensure the best possible diagnosis to enable proper counselling of infected persons and avoid secondary transmission. Although high quality antibody screening assays are available, currently available confirmatory tests are costly and have variable performance, with high rates of indeterminate and non-typable results reported in many regions of the world. The objective of this project was to develop and validate a new high-performance multiplex immunoassay for confirmation and discrimination of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 strains. Methodology/Principal findings The multiplex platform was used first as a tool to identify suitable antigens and in a second step for assay development. With data generated on over 400 HTLV-positive blood donors sourced from USA and French blood banks, we developed and validated a high-precision interpretation algorithm. The Multi-HTLV assay demonstrated very high performance for confirmation and strain discrimination with 100% sensitivity, 98.1% specificity and 100% of typing accuracy in validation samples. The assay can be interpreted either visually or automatically with a colorimetric image reader and custom algorithm, providing highly reliable results. Conclusions/Significance The newly developed Multi-HTLV is very competitive with currently used confirmatory assays and reduces considerably the number of indeterminate results. The multiparametric nature of the assay opens new avenues to study specific serological signatures of each patient, follow the evolution of infection, and explore utility for HTLV disease prognosis. Improving HTLV diagnostic testing will be critical to reduce transmission and to improve monitoring of seropositive patients. HTLV viruses are responsible for more than 10 million cases of infection worldwide. The infection is considered as a neglected disease due to lack of vaccines and treatments. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for counselling infected persons and prevention of secondary transmissions. In spite of the development of excellent serological screening assays, many cases of indeterminate and untyped results are still regularly reported and their infection status remain uncertain. To address the need of more precise diagnosis, we have developed a new cutting-edge in-vitro diagnostic confirmation test, named Multi-HTLV, which has been validated on a large panel of HTLV samples. The test is a multiplex immunoassay allowing powerful detection of antibodies against HTLV through combination of a set of selective and validated virus-specific antigens in a blood sample. The Multi-HTLV assay increases the reliability of HTLV diagnostics and strain typing thanks to a high precision mathematical algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jasper De Boer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Edward L. Murphy
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Roberta Bruhn
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhanna Kaidarova
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tzong-Hae Lee
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maan Zrein
- InfYnity Biomarkers, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jurado Medina L, Chassaing E, Ballering G, Gonzalez N, Marqué L, Liehl P, Pottel H, de Boer J, Chatelain E, Zrein M, Altcheh J. Prediction of parasitological cure in children infected with Trypanosoma cruzi using a novel multiplex serological approach: an observational, retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2021; 21:1141-1150. [PMID: 33836157 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of therapeutic response with standard serological diagnostic assays in patients with chronic Chagas disease is a major challenge due to the long persistence of parasite-specific antibodies. The current consensus for parasitological cure is to monitor conversion from positive to negative Trypanosoma cruzi serology (seroreversion). However, because of robust humoral immune response, seroreversion by standard serological tests can take years to decades. Developing novel tests of parasitological cure or surrogates is thus a priority in the Chagas disease field. We aimed to evaluate the MultiCruzi assay as a predictive tool for parasitological cure in a cohort of treated infants and children with acute and chronic Chagas disease enrolled in a long-term retrospective longitudinal study with clinical, serological, and parasitological follow-up, and to explore whether MultiCruzi could predict parasitological cure more quickly than the current reference method. METHODS Patients from two retrospective paediatric Chagas disease cohort studies with clinical, serological, and parasitological follow-up, diagnosed and treated at the parasitology service, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez (Buenos Aires, Argentina) were included in this retrospective cohort study. Serum samples were collected every 6 months to 12 months between Oct 22, 1990, and June 3, 2019, for cohort 1 and 1 month after birth for cohort 2 and then every 3 months for a year between July 23, 2012, and April 19, 2016. We evaluated serological follow-up with the Chagatest ELISA (Wiener Lab, Rosario, Argentina) and used this as a clinical reference method for the evaluation of seroreversion. We compared Chagatest ELISA results with results of MultiCruzi (InfYnity Biomarkers, Lyon, France), a novel antibody profiling multiplex assay, investigating seroreversion events with both of the assays and prediction of seroreversion with MultiCruzi using an interpretation formula. FINDINGS Combining experimental data from discrete analysis of 15 T cruzi antigens efficiently predicted seroreversion at an early stage, which was later confirmed by conventional T cruzi serology. In cohort 1 (n=69), which included children of three different age groups, we observed differences 2 years after therapy. In the 27 individuals from cohort 1 who were treated within the first 12 months of age, MultiCruzi predicted early seroreversion in 21 (78%) patients whereas nine (33%) patients showed seroreversion with Chagatest ELISA (seroreversion difference 0·44, 95% CI 0·26-0·63; p=0·0005). In the 12 patients from cohort 1 treated between 1 year and 2 years of age, MultiCruzi predicted early seroreversion in six (50%) patients, whereas only one (8%) patient was confirmed to be seronegative with Chagatest ELISA (seroreversion difference 0·42, 95% CI 0·14-0·70; p=0·0253). In the 30 patients from cohort 1 who were treated between 2 years and 19 years of age, MultiCruzi predicted early seroreversion in five (6%) patients, whereas no patients were found to be seronegative with Chagatest ELISA (seroreversion difference 0·17, 0·03-0·30; p=0·0253). In cohort 2 (n=27), which included only children younger than 1 year of age and had a shorter follow up (between 5 months and 32 months), the proportion of reported events was significantly different 180 days after treatment for the T cruzi-positive group (early seroreversion predicted in nine [90%] of ten patients with MultiCruzi and confirmed seroreversion in four [40%] of ten patients with Chagatest ELISA; seroreversion difference 0·50, 95% CI 0·19-0·81; p=0·0253) and for the T cruzi-negative group 90 days (early seroreversion predicted in five [29%] of 17 patients with MultiCruzi and confirmed seroreversion in one [6%] of 17 patients with Chagatest ELISA; seroreversion difference 0·24, 0·03-0·44; p=0·0455) and 180 days (early seroreversion predicted in 17 [100%] of 17 patients with MultiCruzi and confirmed seroreversion only in seven [41%] of 17 patients with Chagatest ELISA; seroreversion difference 0·59, 0·35-0·82; p=0·0016) after treatment. INTERPRETATION The MultiCruzi assay can be used as a predictive monitoring tool to assess parasitological cure in children. This approach might be a solution to forecast forthcoming seroreversion in treated adults infected with T cruzi, but this requires further investigation. FUNDING Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative. TRANSLATIONS For the Spanish, Portuguese and French translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jurado Medina
- Parasitology Service, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez" and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion en Patologias Pediatricas (IMIPP)-CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Griselda Ballering
- Parasitology Service, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez" and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion en Patologias Pediatricas (IMIPP)-CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Gonzalez
- Parasitology Service, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez" and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion en Patologias Pediatricas (IMIPP)-CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Hans Pottel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven (KULAK), Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Jasper de Boer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven (KULAK), Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jaime Altcheh
- Parasitology Service, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutierrez" and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigacion en Patologias Pediatricas (IMIPP)-CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Armistead JS, Jennison C, O'Neill MT, Lopaticki S, Liehl P, Hanson KK, Annoura T, Rajasekaran P, Erickson SM, Tonkin CJ, Khan SM, Mota MM, Boddey JA. Plasmodium falciparum
subtilisin-like ookinete protein SOPT plays an important and conserved role during ookinete infection of the Anopheles stephensi
midgut. Mol Microbiol 2018; 109:458-473. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Armistead
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Charlie Jennison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Matthew T. O'Neill
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Sash Lopaticki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Peter Liehl
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-028 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Kirsten K. Hanson
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-028 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Takeshi Annoura
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Centre; 2333ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Pravin Rajasekaran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Sara M. Erickson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Christopher J. Tonkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville 3052 Australia
| | - Shahid M. Khan
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Parasitology; Leiden University Medical Centre; 2333ZA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Maria M. Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-028 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Justin A. Boddey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research; Parkville 3052 Australia
- Department of Medical Biology; The University of Melbourne; Parkville 3052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zrein M, Granjon E, Gueyffier L, Caillaudeau J, Liehl P, Pottel H, Cardoso CS, Oliveira CDL, de Oliveira LC, Lee TH, Ferreira AM, Ribeiro ALP, Busch MP, Sabino EC. A novel antibody surrogate biomarker to monitor parasite persistence in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006226. [PMID: 29425201 PMCID: PMC5823467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the causative agent of Chagas disease, infects about six million individuals in more than 20 countries. Monitoring parasite persistence in infected individuals is of utmost importance to develop and evaluate treatments to control the disease. Routine screening for infected human individuals is achieved by serological assays; PCR testing to monitor spontaneous or therapy-induced parasitological cure has limitations due to the low and fluctuating parasitic load in circulating blood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a newly developed antibody profiling assay as an indirect method to assess parasite persistence based on waning of antibodies following spontaneous or therapy-induced clearance of the infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We designed a multiplex serology assay, an array of fifteen optimized T. cruzi antigens, to evaluate antibody diversity in 1654 serum samples from chronic Chagas patients. One specific antibody response (antibody 3, Ab3) showed a strong correlation with T. cruzi parasite persistence as determined by T. cruzi PCR positive results. High and sustained Ab3 signal was strongly associated with PCR positivity in untreated patients, whereas significant decline in Ab3 signals was observed in BZN-treated patients who cleared parasitemia based on blood PCR results. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Ab3 is a new surrogate biomarker that strongly correlates with parasite persistence in chronic and benznidazole-treated Chagas patients. We hypothesize that Ab3 is induced and maintained by incessant stimulation of the immune system by tissue-based and shed parasites that are not consistently detectable by blood based PCR techniques. Hence, a simple immunoassay measurement of Ab3 could be beneficial for monitoring the infectious status of seropositive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maan Zrein
- R&D, INFYNITY BIOMARKERS SAS, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Hans Pottel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven (KULAK), Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Clareci Silva Cardoso
- Federal University of São João del-Rey, Research Group in Epidemiology and New Technologies in Health-campus CCO, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Claudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira
- Federal University of São João del-Rey, Research Group in Epidemiology and New Technologies in Health-campus CCO, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Lea Campos de Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP) da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigação Médica (LIM03), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Tzong-Hae Lee
- Blood Systems Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ariela Mota Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas and School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP) da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Liehl P, Zuzarte-Luís V, Chan J, Zillinger T, Baptista F, Carapau D, Konert M, Hanson KK, Carret C, Lassnig C, Müller M, Kalinke U, Saeed M, Chora AF, Golenbock DT, Strobl B, Prudêncio M, Coelho LP, Kappe SH, Superti-Furga G, Pichlmair A, Vigário AM, Rice CM, Fitzgerald KA, Barchet W, Mota MM. Host-cell sensors for Plasmodium activate innate immunity against liver-stage infection. Nat Med 2013; 20:47-53. [PMID: 24362933 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Before they infect red blood cells and cause malaria, Plasmodium parasites undergo an obligate and clinically silent expansion phase in the liver that is supposedly undetected by the host. Here, we demonstrate the engagement of a type I interferon (IFN) response during Plasmodium replication in the liver. We identified Plasmodium RNA as a previously unrecognized pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) capable of activating a type I IFN response via the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor Mda5. This response, initiated by liver-resident cells through the adaptor molecule for cytosolic RNA sensors, Mavs, and the transcription factors Irf3 and Irf7, is propagated by hepatocytes in an interferon-α/β receptor-dependent manner. This signaling pathway is critical for immune cell-mediated host resistance to liver-stage Plasmodium infection, which we find can be primed with other PAMPs, including hepatitis C virus RNA. Together, our results show that the liver has sensor mechanisms for Plasmodium that mediate a functional antiparasite response driven by type I IFN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Liehl
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jennie Chan
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- 1] Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. [2]
| | - Fernanda Baptista
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel Carapau
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madlen Konert
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kirsten K Hanson
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Céline Carret
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels, Austria University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels, Austria University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover Medical School and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo Ferreira Chora
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels, Austria University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis P Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefan H Kappe
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana M Vigário
- 1] Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. [2] Unidade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de compentência de ciências da vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chan J, Liehl P, DeOliveira R, Sharma S, Golenbock D, Mota M, Fitzgerald K. Dual role of type I IFN during plasmodium infection (P3056). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.125.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating the inflammatory response during malaria are still poorly defined. Inflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs induced when innate immune sensors recognize components of the malaria parasite can contribute to clearance of the parasite and in some circumstances these same effectors lead to experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) leads to ECM where animals succumb to infection and die. Upon infection with PbA infected red blood cells (iRBCs), C57/Bl6 mice succumb to death 6-12 days post-infection. Recently, we have found that mice lacking the type I IFN receptor, IFNAR-/-, are protected from ECM-mediated death, implicating an important role of type I IFNs in exacerbating the ECM phenotype. Alternatively, when mice are infected with liver-tropic PbA sporozoites, a type I IFN response is induced while the parasites develop inside hepatocytes. This host response is responsible for upregulating interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and limit the parasite load in the liver. The expression of ISGs are abrogated in IFNAR-/- mice. This protective phenotype is dependent on IRF3/7 and the adaptor MAVS suggesting that parasite RNA is recognized by host cells. Collectively, these findings reveal a dual role of type I IFNs that contribute to ECM-mediated death during PbA blood stage infections, but are also responsible for reducing parasite load during a liver stage infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Chan
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Peter Liehl
- 2Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosane DeOliveira
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- 1Dept. of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Maria Mota
- 2Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakrabarti S, Liehl P, Buchon N, Lemaitre B. Infection-Induced Host Translational Blockage Inhibits Immune Responses and Epithelial Renewal in the Drosophila Gut. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 12:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
10
|
Liehl P, Prudêncio M, Carret C, Mota MM. Prevalence of a type-I interferon immune response against malaria liver stage infection. Malar J 2010. [PMCID: PMC2963258 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-s2-p19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
11
|
Liehl P, França AR, Prudêncio M, Latz E, Zaidman-Rémy A, Mota MM. Phosphothioate oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit Plasmodium sporozoite gliding motility. Cell Microbiol 2009; 12:506-15. [PMID: 19912239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites, transmitted to the mammalian host through a mosquito bite, travel to the liver, where they invade hepatocytes, and develop into a form that is then able to infect red blood cells. In spite of the importance of innate immunity in controlling microbial infections, almost nothing is known about its role during the liver stage of a malaria infection. Here, we tested whether synthetic CpG phosphothioate (PS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which bind to Toll-like receptor 9 (Tlr9), could have a protective effect on Plasmodium berghei infection in hepatocytes. Surprisingly, CpG PS-ODNs potently impair P. berghei infection in hepatoma cell lines independently of Tlr9 activation. Indeed, not only CpG but also non-CpG PS-ODNs, which do not activate Tlr9, decreased parasite infection. Moreover, the ability of PS-ODNs to impair infection was not due to an effect on the host but rather on the parasite itself. In fact, CpG PS-ODNs, as well as non-CpG PS-ODNs, impair parasite gliding motility. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that PS-ODNs inhibit parasite migration and invasion due to their negative charge, whereas development inside hepatocytes is undisturbed. Altogether, PS-ODNs might represent a new class of prophylactic anti-malaria agents, which hamper hepatocyte entry by Plasmodium sporozoites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Liehl
- Unidade de Malaria, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fedhila S, Buisson C, Dussurget O, Serror P, Glomski IJ, Liehl P, Lereclus D, Nielsen-LeRoux C. Comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model Galleria mellonella. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 103:24-9. [PMID: 19800349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection of Galleria mellonella by feeding a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis spores or vegetative bacteria in association with the toxin Cry1C results in high levels of larval mortality. Under these conditions the toxin or bacteria have minimal effects on the larva when inoculated separately. In order to evaluate whether G. mellonella can function as an oral infection model for human and entomo-bacterial pathogens, we tested strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Drosophila targeting Pseudomonas entomophila strain. Six B. cereus strains (5 diarrheal, 1 environmental isolate) were first screened in 2nd instar G. mellonella larvae by free ingestion and four of them were analyzed by force-feeding 5th instar larvae. The virulence of these B. cereus strains did not differ from the B. thuringiensis virulent reference strain 407Cry(-) with the exception of strain D19 (NVH391/98) that showed a lower virulence. Following force-feeding, 5th instar G. mellonella larvae survived infection with B. anthracis, L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa strains in contrast to the P. entomophila strain which led to high mortality even without Cry1C toxin co-ingestion. Thus, specific virulence factors adapted to the insect intestine might exist in B. thuringiensis/B. cereus and P. entomophila. This suggests a co-evolution between host and pathogens and supports the close links between B. thuringiensis and B. cereus and more distant links to their relative B. anthracis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fedhila
- Unité Protéomie Fonctionnelle et Biopréservation Alimentaire, Institut Supérieur des Sciences, Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liehl P, Blight M, Vodovar N, Boccard F, Lemaitre B. Prevalence of local immune response against oral infection in a Drosophila/Pseudomonas infection model. PLoS Pathog 2006; 2:e56. [PMID: 16789834 PMCID: PMC1475658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have developed multiple strategies that allow them to exploit host resources and resist the immune response. To study how Drosophila flies deal with infectious diseases in a natural context, we investigated the interactions between Drosophila and a newly identified entomopathogen, Pseudomonas entomophila. Flies orally infected with P. entomophila rapidly succumb despite the induction of both local and systemic immune responses, indicating that this bacterium has developed specific strategies to escape the fly immune response. Using a combined genetic approach on both host and pathogen, we showed that P. entomophila virulence is multi-factorial with a clear differentiation between factors that trigger the immune response and those that promote pathogenicity. We demonstrate that AprA, an abundant secreted metalloprotease produced by P. entomophila, is an important virulence factor. Inactivation of aprA attenuated both the capacity to persist in the host and pathogenicity. Interestingly, aprA mutants were able to survive to wild-type levels in immune-deficient Relish flies, indicating that the protease plays an important role in protection against the Drosophila immune response. Our study also reveals that the major contribution to the fly defense against P. entomophila is provided by the local, rather than the systemic immune response. More precisely, our data points to an important role for the antimicrobial peptide Diptericin against orally infectious Gram-negative bacteria, emphasizing the critical role of local antimicrobial peptide expression against food-borne pathogens. Normal feeding and digestion involves the ingestion of many microorganisms. Many are innocuous, some are commensal, and others may be pathogenic. Eukaryotes have thus evolved complex mechanisms to detect, control, and if necessary, eliminate intestinal microbes. Insects are no exception, and the fruit fly, Drosophila, employs a physical barrier within the intestinal lumen and the peritrophic matrix, and an innate immune response which exhibits similarities to the mammalian counterpart. Pseudomonas entomophila was identified as a novel entomopathogenic bacterium that can infect and colonize the gut of Drosophila. In this paper, Liehl et al. describe one specific secreted virulence factor of P. entomophila, the zinc metalloprotease, AprA, which they demonstrate to be required for defense against the host gut epithelial immune response. AprA defends P. entomophila against the Drosophila antimicrobial peptides, produced by the gut innate immune response. P. entomophila aprA mutants are attenuated for virulence in wild-type Drosophila but are equally infective as wild-type bacteria in immune-deficient mutant flies that do not express these antimicrobial peptides. Although secreted proteases have previously been described as a potentially important defense against host immune proteins, this is one of the rare examples of an in vivo demonstration of such a specific role against insect antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Liehl
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Rercheche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mark Blight
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Rercheche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Vodovar
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Rercheche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Boccard
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Rercheche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Rercheche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vodovar N, Vinals M, Liehl P, Basset A, Degrouard J, Spellman P, Boccard F, Lemaitre B. Drosophila host defense after oral infection by an entomopathogenic Pseudomonas species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11414-9. [PMID: 16061818 PMCID: PMC1183552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502240102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila has been shown to be a valuable model for the investigation of host-pathogen interactions. Study of the Drosophila immune response has been hampered, however, by the lack of true Drosophila pathogens. In nearly all studies reported, the bacteria used were directly injected within the body cavity of the insect, bypassing the initial steps of a natural interaction. Here, we report the identification of a previously uncharacterized bacterial species, Pseudomonas entomophila (Pe), which has the capacity to induce the systemic expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila after ingestion. In contrast to previously identified bacteria, Pe is highly pathogenic to both Drosophila larvae and adults, and its persistence in larvae leads to a massive destruction of gut cells. Using this strain, we have analyzed the modulation of the larval transcriptome upon bacterial infection. We found that natural infection by Pe induces a dramatic change in larval gene expression. In addition to immunity genes, our study identifies many genes associated with Pe pathogenesis that have been previously unreported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vodovar
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|