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Tran B, Nguyen MT, Auquier P, Boyer L, Fond G, Vu GT, Hoang TP, Ho PT, Nguyen TH, Latkin CA, Ho CS, Ho RCM, Zhang MWB. Psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Vietnamese health workers over the prolonged restricted COVID-19 responses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069239. [PMID: 37536968 PMCID: PMC10401210 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the psychological impact posed by COVID-19 and its associated factors on the healthcare workforce nationwide during the peak of Vietnam's fourth outbreak. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Our study was conducted in 61 provinces of Vietnam. METHODS A total of 2814 healthcare professionals in 61/63 provinces of Vietnam. An online questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales was distributed randomly to a subgroup of 503 respondents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES To determine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological of health workers, we conducted analyses to test a primary hypothesis related to participants based on three main scales including PHQ-9, PSS-4 and GAD-7 scales. RESULTS Nearly half (49.7%) of healthcare workers experienced mild depression symptoms, 34.0% underwent moderate anxiety symptoms and 49.3% reported high-stress levels. Respondents who had a monthly income below 5 million VND (~US$212) and had more than 3 days of duty per week had a higher score on the anxiety scales. Compared with medical doctors, nurses/midwives had lower PHQ-9 (Coef=-2.53; 95% CI=-3.71 to -1.36) and GAD-7 scores (Coef=-2.36; 95% CI=-3.56 L to -1.16). Increased workload and work time was the harmful factor that increase the PHQ-9, GAD-7 or PSS-4 scores. More than half (53.9%) of respondents stated no demand for mental healthcare services. CONCLUSIONS Health workers who gained less financial rewards are reported to have higher levels of mental distress than others, implying the need for a raise in basic salary as well as compensation and encouragement schemes. To tackle hesitancy in seeking mental help, integrating online mental health therapy with e-health consultations via social media can be strategically implemented to augment service delivery, and simultaneously enhance the standard of mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Tran
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Trong Nguyen
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pascal Auquier
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- EA 3279, CEReSS, Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Tu Huu Nguyen
- Vietnam Young Physicians' Association, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyrus Sh Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvyn W B Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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2
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Wu CF, Trac LVT, Chen SH, Menakanit A, Le QT, Tu HM, Tsou CP, Huang HC, Chookoh N, Weng CC, Chou LW, Chen CC. Enhancing human resilience beyond COVID-19-related stress: public responses to multi-benefits of home gardening. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10534. [PMID: 37386291 PMCID: PMC10310725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a public health crisis globally. Against the backdrop of global resilience, studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of home gardening as a measure to strengthen human health. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on its benefits across countries. Studies need to examine the role of home gardening in improving public health in various societies to understand and encourage this practice broadly and effectively. We chose Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam as case studies, which have suffered substantial pandemic impacts, with millions of infections and thousands of deaths. We explored and compared the perceptions of people on home gardening and its health benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted online surveys in three countries between May 1 and September 30, 2022, with a total of 1172 participants. Data were collated on perceived pandemic stress, challenges and solutions in gardening, home gardening intentions, and mental and physical health benefits. In these countries, we found that perceived pandemic stress positively affects home gardening intentions, whereby the motivation of Vietnamese people is the highest. Challenges hinder gardening intentions, while the solutions only positively affect gardening intentions in Taiwan and Vietnam. Home gardening intentions positively affect mental and physical health, whereby there are higher mental health benefits in Taiwanese people than in Thai people. Our findings potentially support public health recovery and promote healthy lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fa Wu
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Luu Van Thong Trac
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Hung Chen
- International Master Program of Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Alisara Menakanit
- Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Quoc Tuan Le
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University - Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hung-Ming Tu
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Tsou
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chih Huang
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Nittaya Chookoh
- Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chih-Cheng Weng
- Department of Horticulture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Miaoli Management Office, Irrigation Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Miaoli County, 360, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, 406040, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, 413505, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chuan Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua County, 510, Taiwan
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3
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Nguyen CM, Luong BA, Thi Tran TT, Nguyen HN, Tran LS. Design and generation of mRNAs encoding conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab for T cell-mediated immune activation. Future Virol 2023; 18:501-516. [PMID: 38051989 PMCID: PMC10308627 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim To generate mRNAs encoding conserved regions within SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab which can induce strong T-cell responses to overcome the immune invasion of newly emergent variants. Methods We selected two conserved regions with a high density of T-cell epitopes using immunoinformatics for mRNA synthesis. The ability of testing mRNAs to activate T cells for IFN-γ production was examined by an ELISpot assay and flow cytometry. Results Two synthesized mRNAs were successfully translated in MDA-MB-231 cells and had comparable potency to the spike mRNA to induce CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 29 out of 34 participants. Conclusion This study provides a proof-of-concept for the use of SARS-CoV-2 conserved regions to develop booster vaccines capable of eliciting T-cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bac An Luong
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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4
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MacLean R, Durepos P, Gibbons C, Morris P, Witherspoon R, Taylor N, Keeping-Burke L, McCloskey R. Education and training for infection prevention and control provided by long-term care homes to family caregivers: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2023:02174543-990000000-00124. [PMID: 36647898 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-22-00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to map the infection prevention and control education and training that long-term care homes use with families during a pandemic or infectious outbreak. INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were imposed on visits to long-term care homes to decrease the risk of virus transmission. These restrictions had negative consequences for both residents and families. A scoping review of infection prevention and control education and training used with families will inform family visitation practices and policies during future infectious outbreaks. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will examine literature describing infection prevention and control education and training provided to families in long-term care homes. Research and narrative papers, including experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive observational quantitative and qualitative studies, reviews, text, policy, and opinion papers, will be considered for inclusion. METHODS A 3-step approach will be followed, in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published literature will be searched for in databases including CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, and AgeLine. Published and unpublished papers will be considered from 1990 to the present, in English or in French. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada websites will be searched for unpublished and gray literature. Two authors will independently review and assess studies for inclusion and extract the data. The findings will be charted in a narrative summary and tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel MacLean
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Pamela Durepos
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Morris
- Faculty of Nursing, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.,Horizon Health Network, NB, Canada
| | | | - Natasha Taylor
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Lisa Keeping-Burke
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, Saint John, NB, Canada.,The University of New Brunswick (UNB) Saint John Collaboration for Evidence-Informed Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Rose McCloskey
- University of New Brunswick, Department of Nursing & Health Sciences, Saint John, NB, Canada.,The University of New Brunswick (UNB) Saint John Collaboration for Evidence-Informed Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
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5
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Huynh G, Nguyen BT, Nguyen HTN, Le NT, An PL, Tran TD. Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients Recovered From COVID-19. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221143630. [PMID: 36527371 PMCID: PMC9760520 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221143630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the lives and well-being of individuals worldwide, affecting both short-term and long-term quality of life. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors among patients who have recovered from COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 2 hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between January and March 2022. Data were obtained from patients who recovered from COVID-19 using a structured questionnaire which included the EuroQoL-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale to quantify problems in 5 health dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) and the EuroQoL-Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) to determine self-rated health status. Factors associated with HRQoL were determined using a generalized linear model (GLM). A total of 325 participants were included in the analysis. The overall mean score from the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS was 0.86 (SD 0.21) and 78.6 (SD 19.9), respectively. Anxiety/Depression and Pain/Discomfort were the major problems experienced by the participants. Lower HRQoL scores were reported among those who were 60 years and older, female, had comorbidities, persistent symptoms, living alone and experiencing stress (all P < .05). This study showed that there was a significant reduction in HRQoL among individuals who recovered from COVID-19, compared with the general population. The findings suggest that more interventions need to be implemented to increase such individuals' quality of life, particularly for those who exhibit high-risk factors such as females, those with comorbidities, persistent symptoms, living alone and experiencing from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giao Huynh
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Giao Huynh, MD, PhD, University of Medicine
and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, District 5, Ho Chi Minh
City 700000, Vietnam.
| | | | | | | | - Pham Le An
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Diep Tran
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Trinh DH, McKinn S, Nguyen AT, Fox GJ, Nguyen AT, Bernays S. Uneven stigma loads: Community interpretations of public health policies, 'evidence' and inequities in shaping Covid-19 stigma in Vietnam. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101270. [PMID: 36267122 PMCID: PMC9558770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious spread of COVID-19 has been accompanied by stigma in both global and local contexts, sparking concern about its negative effect on individuals, communities, and public health responses. The changing epidemiological context of the COVID-19 epidemic and evolving public health responses during the first year of the pandemic (2020) in Vietnam serve as a case study to qualitatively explore the fluidity of stigma. We conducted in-depth interviews with 38 individuals, (13 cases, 9 close contacts, and 16 community members) from areas affected by local outbreaks. Thematic analysis was conducted iteratively. Our analysis indicates that the extent and impacts of COVID-19-related stigma were uneven. Adapting the clinical term 'viral load' as a metaphor, we describe this variation through the wide range of 'stigma load' noted in participants' experiences. Individuals encountering more acute stigma, i.e. the highest 'stigma load', were those associated with COVID-19 at the start of the local outbreaks. These intensively negative social responses were driven by a social meaning-making process that misappropriated an inaccurate understanding of epidemiological logic. Specifically, contact tracing was presumed within the public consciousness to indicate linear blame, with individuals falsely considered to have engaged in 'transgressive mobility', with onward transmission perceived as being intentional. In contrast, as case numbers grew within an outbreak the imagined linearity of the infection chain was disrupted and lower levels of stigma were experienced, with COVID-19 transmission and association reframed as reflecting an environmental rather than behavioural risk. Our findings demonstrate the role of public health policies in unintentionally creating conditions for stigma to flourish. However, this is fluid. The social perceptions of infection risk shifted from being individualised to environmental, suggesting that stigma can be modified and mitigated through attending to the productive social lives of public health approaches and policies. Those associated with COVID-19 experienced variable degrees of stigma - 'stigma load'. Those linked to COVID-19 at the start of outbreaks experienced highest stigma load. Misinterpretation of public health strategies contributed to blaming discourses. Stigma receded when risk framed as environmental not behavioural. Fluidity of stigma suggests potential to allay stigmatising effect of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon McKinn
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Greg J. Fox
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Ha Noi, Viet Nam,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anh Thu Nguyen
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Ha Noi, Viet Nam,Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Bernays
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK,Corresponding author. Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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7
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Liu X, Dou Z, Wang L, Su B, Jin T, Guo Y, Wei J, Zhang N. Close contact behavior-based COVID-19 transmission and interventions in a subway system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129233. [PMID: 35739753 PMCID: PMC9132379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic, analysis on virus exposure and intervention efficiency in public transports based on real passenger's close contact behaviors is critical to curb infectious disease transmission. A monitoring device was developed to gather a total of 145,821 close contact data in subways based on semi-supervision learning. A virus transmission model considering both short- and long-range inhalation and deposition was established to calculate the virus exposure. During rush-hour, short-range inhalation exposure is 3.2 times higher than deposition exposure and 7.5 times higher than long-range inhalation exposure of all passengers in the subway. The close contact rate was 56.1 % and the average interpersonal distance was 0.8 m. Face-to-back was the main pattern during close contact. Comparing with random distribution, if all passengers stand facing in the same direction, personal virus exposure through inhalation (deposition) can be reduced by 74.1 % (98.5 %). If the talk rate was decreased from 20 % to 5 %, the inhalation (deposition) exposure can be reduced by 69.3 % (73.8 %). In addition, we found that virus exposure could be reduced by 82.0 % if all passengers wear surgical masks. This study provides scientific support for COVID-19 prevention and control in subways based on real human close contact behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyang Dou
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boni Su
- China Electric Power Planning & Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjian Wei
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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Jiao J, Shi L, Chen H, Wang X, Yang M, Yang J, Liu M, Yi X, Sun G. Containment strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic among three Asian low and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05016. [PMID: 35596570 PMCID: PMC9123341 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has not been effectively controlled, seriously threatening people’s health and socioeconomic development. This study aims to summarise the successful experiences and lessons in containment strategy learned from Asian Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyse the effectiveness of their measures to provide lessons for LMICs in general. Methods This is a retrospective study on the effectiveness of China, India, and Vietnam’s containment strategies. The objective was to assess the effectiveness of measures taken for COVID-19 and provide lessons for wider LMICs in controlling and preventing the COVID-19 pandemic. Results As of June 16, 2021, the Indian epidemic was in the declining part of the rebound stage, with a total of 21 521.900 cases per million and 276.740 deaths per million – both the highest among the three countries. Entering the normalised prevention and control stage, China stably remained at a total of 63. 615 cases per million and 3.211 deaths per million. Vietnam's number of new cases per million was very low in the first stage and almost stagnant except for cluster epidemics. In May 2021, the number of new cases per million started to rapidly increase, but the total of deaths per million was at the low level of 0.627. Conclusions A high attention to epidemics at early stages, strict border control measures, and synchronization of government and population on COVID-19 prevention and control opinions and behaviours play important roles in designing containment strategies. In addition, rapid close contact tracing and large-scale nucleic testing are good options for response to cluster epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiqian Chen
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manfei Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiheng Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianchun Yi
- Yichun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Villar EB, Magnawa JP. Surveillance and pandemic governance in least‐ideal contexts: The Philippine case. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2022. [PMCID: PMC9111276 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper inquires how surveillance manifests in least‐ideal contexts (LICs), that is, countries with resource constraints, poor governance and proclivity for populism during COVID‐19, and its implications for crisis governance. Using the Philippines as a case, we advance three arguments. First, LICs can become spaces where inappropriate surveillance is undertaken. Second, liminal surveillance practices can become permanent policy fixtures in LICs. Finally, when a prevailing crisis approach of a government is perceived to be inconsistent with the needs of the public, it can lead to a self‐help system among various societal groups and actors. This self‐help system may not necessarily be aligned with the general direction of the national government. As a result, it can perpetuate a disjointed and maladaptive crisis governance approach, where main actors like national governments, and complementary actors like private sector firms, local government units and citizen organizations pursue goals independent of one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eula Bianca Villar
- Stephen Zuellig Graduate School of Development Management Asian Institute of Management Makati Philippines
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10
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Xiu Z, Feng P, Yin J, Zhu Y. Are Stringent Containment and Closure Policies Associated with a Lower COVID-19 Spread Rate? Global Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031725. [PMID: 35162748 PMCID: PMC8835598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stringent government policies, in general, and strict containment and closure policies in particular including workplace closing, restrictions on gatherings, close of public transport, stay-at-home order, restrictions on internal movement, and international travel control are associated with a lower spread rate of COVID-19 cases. On the other hand, school closures and public event cancellations have not been found to be associated with lower COVID-19 spread. Restrictions on international travel and the closing of public transport are two policies that stand out and have a consistent and slowing effect on the spread of COVID-19. The slowing effect of the containment and closure policies on the spread of COVID-19 becomes stronger one week after the policies have been implemented, consistent with the SARS-CoV-2 transmission pattern and the incubation period evolution. Furthermore, the slowing effect becomes stronger for culturally tight countries and countries with a higher population density. Our findings have important policy implications, implying that governments need to carefully implement containment and closure policies in their own countries’ social and cultural contexts, with an emphasis on the ideas of the common interest, personal responsibility, and the sense of community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfeng Xiu
- Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.X.); (P.F.)
| | - Pengshuo Feng
- Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.X.); (P.F.)
| | - Jingwei Yin
- Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Z.X.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingjun Zhu
- School of Accounting, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201209, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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11
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Nguyen HL, Tran K, Doan PLN, Nguyen T. Demand for Mobile Health in Developing Countries During COVID-19: Vietnamese's Perspectives from Different Age Groups and Health Conditions. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:265-284. [PMID: 35140459 PMCID: PMC8819166 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s348790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam's economy and intellectual standards have witnessed significant development, improving conditions for residents to acquire novel mHealth applications. Additionally, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced Vietnamese awareness of healthcare; however, previous studies have only been clinician-centered rather than customer-centered. METHODS This study addresses this literature gap by interviewing 50 Vietnamese participants grouped by age, namely Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z, and health conditions, namely whether participants or family members have chronic illness. The study utilized semi-structured and in-depth interviews to collect the data and used thematic analysis to analyze the data under the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology framework. RESULTS Most participants were willing to adopt this technology and demanded a convenient and user-friendly one-stop-shop solution, endorsements from credible and authoritative sources, and professional customer services. However, each group also had distinctive demands and behaviors. CONCLUSION This study contributes theoretically by providing context-rich demand for Vietnamese customers across three generations and healthcare conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic and comparing their behavior with pre-COVID literature. While this research provides helpful information for potential app developers, this study also suggests that mHealth developers and policymakers should pay more attention to the differences in the demand of age groups and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Long Nguyen
- Department of Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Biology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City - High School for the Gifted, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khoa Tran
- Department of Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Correspondence: Khoa Tran, Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Email
| | - Phuong Le Nam Doan
- Department of Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Biology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City - High School for the Gifted, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet Nguyen
- Department of Youth Lab for Social Innovation, MiYork Research, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Business, Minerva University, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Phillips T, Zhang Y, Petherick A. A year of living distantly: global trends in the use of stay-at-home orders over the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20210041. [PMID: 34956599 PMCID: PMC8504889 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were the main pillar of defence to protect human society against the virus. While a variety of modelling studies try to quantify the effects of NPIs, this paper investigates when and how national and subnational governments have taken actions. We observe longitudinal changes in the global pattern of policymaking to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on stay-at-home orders. Drawing on data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, we show several important trends. First, while national governments exhibited a strong alignment in policy settings initially in March and April 2020, their cross-country policy heterogeneity has grown since May 2020, although countries within global regions continue to display similarities in their approaches. Second, most governments that have implemented multiple stay-at-home orders over the course of the pandemic have become less sensitive to case levels (insofar as they implement subsequent restrictions at progressively higher case levels), apart from a small number of contrast cases which have mostly eliminated domestic community transmission. Third, pandemic policies are increasingly specific to subnational levels, and there is often significant heterogeneity with regard to policy approaches even within the same country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Phillips
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Petherick
- Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Hamilton MA, Hamilton D, Soneye O, Ayeyemi O, Jaradat R. An analysis of the impact of policies and political affiliation on racial disparities in COVID-19 infections and deaths in the USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS 2021; 13:63-76. [PMID: 34604504 PMCID: PMC8475424 DOI: 10.1007/s41060-021-00284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to quantify the racial disparities of COVID-19 for primarily positive tests and deaths across the US and territories individually and collectively. The first research hypothesis investigated whether positive cases and death rates were higher for people of color (POC) than the White ethnic group. The second hypothesis examined whether there is a significant difference in confirmed positive cases and death rates between ethnic groups across the US and territories. The third hypothesis investigated if political party control and governmental policies affected the number of cases and death proportion rates across ethnic groups. The research findings suggest that POC positive cases and death rates were higher in some states. Black ethnic groups were dying at a high rate in the southeastern states, the District of Columbia, and in Maryland. Specifically, in the District of Columbia, the death rate is five times higher than the White ethnic group. For Latinx ethnic groups, the high cases and death rates have mostly occurred in western states, including Texas. The Latinx ethnic group accounted for half the total deaths in Texas and California. The Latinx ethnic group death rate is higher than the White ethnic group in four states: Texas, California, New Mexico, and the District of Columbia. The research findings also show that the rate of deaths and cases per ethnic group for policies and political factors were significant except for the mask mandate policy. Based on the analyzed data, mask mandates were not a factor in the cases or death rates of any ethnic group. Each state's policies for bars, curfews, public schools, and travel-along with legislative party control-had the most influences across ethnic groups. The research results for the death rates and number of cases due to these implemented policies varied between ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Hamilton
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | | | - Oluwatamilore Soneye
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Olorunshola Ayeyemi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - Raed Jaradat
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS USA
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14
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Bui LV, Ha ST, Nguyen HN, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TP, Tran K, Tran TV, Nguyen TH, Tran TH, Pham ND, Bui HM. The Contribution of Digital Health in the Response to Covid-19 in Vietnam. Front Public Health 2021; 9:672732. [PMID: 34540779 PMCID: PMC8444952 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.672732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging from early of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the most serious health crisis globally. In response to such threat, a wide range of digital health applications has been deployed in Vietnam to strengthen surveillance, risk communication, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Digital health has brought enormous benefits to the fight against COVID-19, however, numerous constrains in digital health application remain. Lack of strong governance of digital health development and deployment; insufficient infrastructure and staff capacity for digital health application are among the main drawbacks. Despite several outstanding problems, digital health is expected to contribute to reducing the spread, improving the effectiveness of pandemic control, and adding to the dramatic transformation of the health system the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Viet Bui
- Centre for Research, Consulting and Support of Community Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Thai Ha
- Administration of Medical Services – Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Thuy Phuong Nguyen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kien Tran
- School of Law, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Van Tran
- eHealth Administration – Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Huu Nguyen
- Vietnam Young Physician Associations, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thong Huy Tran
- Centre for Research, Consulting and Support of Community Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hanh My Bui
- Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Functional Exploratory, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Duong MC, Nguyen HT, Duong BT, Vu MT. The Levels of COVID-19 Related Health Literacy among University Students in Vietnam. Infect Chemother 2021; 53:107-117. [PMID: 34409784 PMCID: PMC8032923 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vietnam is among the few countries that were successful in the fight against the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, subsequent domestic outbreaks of COVID-19 continue to occur. To sharp the community education program to guarantee the final success in the fight against COVID-19 in Vietnam and comparable countries, we examined the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and associated predictors among university students in Vietnam. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on all students enrolling at Phenikaa University using a self-developed questionnaire consisted of 20 questions regarding COVID-19's risk factors, transmission routes, symptoms, and prevention. Results Among 728 participants, 40.9% were male, 63.2% studied health-related majors, and 18.1% lived alone. Correct response rates ranged from 25.3% to 98.9% across 20 questions. Only 51.9% (378/728) of participants had good knowledge levels. Studying health majors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.547, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.398 - 0.751, P <0.001), and living with the seniors (AOR 0.612, 95% CI 0.389 - 0.963, P = 0.034) or with friends (AOR 0.405, 95% CI 0.252 – 0.650, P <0.001) were negatively associated with a poor level of COVID-19 knowledge. Conclusion The proportion of university students having good knowledge levels is suboptimal. It is essential to improve the quality of COVID-19 education with a more focus on not only the preventive measures, but also the disease itself. More studies are needed to improve the level of COVID-19 knowledge among those living alone or do not study health-related majors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Cuong Duong
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, F25, Samuel Terry Ave, Kensington, Australia.
| | - Hong Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Nursing, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia ward, Ha Dong district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Minh Thuy Vu
- Faculty of Nursing, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia ward, Ha Dong district, Hanoi, Vietnam
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16
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Nguyen HL, Tran OT, Ha DA, Phan VH, Nguyen CT, Nguyen GH, Nguyen TT, Chiriboga G, Goldberg RJ, Allison JJ. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical research activities: Survey of study participants and health care workers participating in a hypertension trial in Vietnam. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253664. [PMID: 34264973 PMCID: PMC8282007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound worldwide impact. Vietnam, a lower middle-income country with limited resources, has successfully slowed this pandemic. The objectives of this report are to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the research activities of an ongoing hypertension trial using a storytelling intervention in Vietnam. METHODS Data were collected in a mixed-methods study among 86 patients and 10 health care workers participating in a clinical trial designed to improve hypertension control. Several questions related to the impact of COVID-19 on patient's daily activities and adherence to the study interventions were included in the follow-up visits. A focus group discussion was conducted among health care workers to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on research related activities. RESULTS Fewer patients in the intervention group reported that they faced difficulties in adhering to prescribed study interventions, wanted to receive a call from a dedicated hotline, or have a visit from a community health worker as compared with those in the comparison group. Most study patients are willing to participate in future health research studies. When asked about the potential use of mobile phones in health research studies, fewer patients in the intervention group felt comfortable using a mobile phone for the delivery of intervention and interviews compared with those in the comparison condition. Community health workers shared that they visited patient's homes more often than previously due to the pandemic and health care workers had to perform more virus containment activities without a corresponding increase in ancillary staff. CONCLUSIONS Both patients and health care workers in Vietnam faced difficulties in adhering to recommended trial interventions and procedures. Multiple approaches for intervention delivery and data collection are needed to overcome these difficulties during future health crises and enhance the implementation of future research studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03590691 (registration date July 17, 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa L. Nguyen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Oanh T. Tran
- HealthStrategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc A. Ha
- HealthStrategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van H. Phan
- HealthStrategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Germán Chiriboga
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Goldberg
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroan J. Allison
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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17
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Kwok KO, Huang Y, Tsoi MTF, Tang A, Wong SYS, Wei WI, Hui DSC. Epidemiology, clinical spectrum, viral kinetics and impact of COVID-19 in the Asia-Pacific region. Respirology 2021; 26:322-333. [PMID: 33690946 PMCID: PMC8207122 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has hit the world by surprise, causing substantial mortality and morbidity since 2020. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, induced impact, viral kinetics and clinical spectrum of COVID-19 in the Asia-Pacific Region, focusing on regions previously exposed to outbreaks of coronavirus. COVID-19 progressed differently by regions, with some (such as China and Taiwan) featured by one to two epidemic waves and some (such as Hong Kong and South Korea) featured by multiple waves. There has been no consensus on the estimates of important epidemiological time intervals or proportions, such that using them for making inferences should be done with caution. Viral loads of patients with COVID-19 peak in the first week of illness around days 2 to 4 and hence there is very high transmission potential causing community outbreaks. Various strategies such as government-guided and suppress-and-lift strategies, trigger-based/suppression approaches and alert systems have been employed to guide the adoption and easing of control measures. Asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission is a hallmark of COVID-19. Identification and isolation of symptomatic patients alone is not effective in controlling the ongoing outbreaks. However, early, prompt and coordinated enactment predisposed regions to successful disease containment. Mass COVID-19 vaccinations are likely to be the light at the end of the tunnel. There is a need to review what we have learnt in this pandemic and examine how to transfer and improve existing knowledge for ongoing and future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin On Kwok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
- Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Ying Huang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
| | - Margaret Ting Fong Tsoi
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
| | - Arthur Tang
- Department of SoftwareSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Samuel Yeung Shan Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
| | - Wan In Wei
- JC School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
| | - David Shu Cheong Hui
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
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18
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Duong MC, Nguyen HT, Duong BT. A Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Face Mask Use Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic Amongst University Students in Vietnam. J Community Health 2021; 46:975-981. [PMID: 33772684 PMCID: PMC8000688 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-00981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although Vietnam has been successful in the fight against the first wave of COVID-19, domestic outbreaks have continued to occur. Given university students constitute a significant proportion of the population in Vietnam, to improve the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Vietnam and comparable countries, we examined their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards face mask use which is an important preventive measure and the association between the levels of COVID-19 knowledge and KAP towards face mask use. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all students studying at Phenikaa University, Hanoi, using a self-developed questionnaire consisted of 42 questions regarding KAP towards face mask use as well as reuse of cloth mask, and COVID-19 knowledge. Among 728 participants, 40.9% (298/728) were male, 63.2% (460/728) were from health-related faculties, 46% (335/728) lived in urban areas, and 51.9% (378) had good levels of COVID-19 knowledge. Regarding face mask, most (89.7%, 653/728) participants had good knowledge scores, 72.8% (530/728) had positive attitudes, and 76.5% (557/728) had good practice scores. The most common types of masks used were surgical mask (57.6%, 419/728), followed by non-antibacterial cloth mask (23.1%, 168/728). Among 168 participants using non-antibacterial cloth mask, 43.5% reused masks (73/168), of whom 6.8% (5/73) did not wash their masks at least daily. Face mask use knowledge was statistically associated with COVID-19 knowledge (P < 0.001). Face mask use attitudes were statistically associated with education levels (P = 0.02), and COVID-19 knowledge (P < 0.001). Practice of face mask use was statistically associated with gender (P = 0.03), geographical distribution (P = 0.04), academic majors (P = 0.02), and COVID-19 knowledge (P = 0.01). The levels of KAP towards face mask use among Vietnamese university students are high. It is important to continue to enforce the mass masking policy, together with the ongoing community education with an emphasis on the route of COVID-19 transmission and how correct face mask use can stop the spread. To ensure the effectiveness of face masks, there is an urgent need to educate the community regarding the procedures for cloth masks re-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Cuong Duong
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Samuels Building, F25, Samuel Terry Ave, Kensington, NSW, 2033, Australia.
| | - Hong Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Nursing, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bich Thuy Duong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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