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Istiban MN, De Fruyt N, Kenis S, Beets I. Evolutionary conserved peptide and glycoprotein hormone-like neuroendocrine systems in C. elegans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112162. [PMID: 38290646 PMCID: PMC11004728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and protein hormones form the largest group of secreted signals that mediate intercellular communication and are central regulators of physiology and behavior in all animals. Phylogenetic analyses and biochemical identifications of peptide-receptor systems reveal a broad evolutionary conservation of these signaling systems at the molecular level. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on characterizing the physiological and putative ancestral roles of many peptide systems through comparative studies in invertebrate models. Several peptides and protein hormones are not only molecularly conserved but also have conserved roles across animal phyla. Here, we focus on functional insights gained in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that, with its compact and well-described nervous system, provides a powerful model to dissect neuroendocrine signaling networks involved in the control of physiology and behavior. We summarize recent discoveries on the evolutionary conservation and knowledge on the functions of peptide and protein hormone systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Fruyt
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Lee SH, Kim MA, Sohn YC. Crustacean cardioactive peptide signaling system in the gastropod mollusk Pacific abalone. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 288:111552. [PMID: 37956901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) signaling systems have been characterized in a diverse range of protostomes, representatively in arthropods. The cyclic CX5C-type CCAP regulates various biological activities through CCAP receptors (CCAPRs), which are orthologous to neuropeptide S receptors (NPSRs) in deuterostomes. However, the CCAPRs of the lophotrochozoa remain poorly characterized; therefore, the relationship between the CCAP, NPS, and CX4C-type oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) signaling systems is unclear. In this study, we identified a CCAP precursor and two CCAPR isoforms in the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai; Hdh). The Hdh-CCAP precursor was found to harbor three CX5C-type and one CX4C-type CCAPs. The Hdh-CCAPRs displayed homology with protostome CCAPRs and deuterostome NPSRs, having characteristics of the rhodopsin-type G protein-coupled receptors. Phylogenetic analysis showed that lophotrochozoan CCAPRs, including Hdh-CCAPRs, form a monophyletic group distinct from arthropod CCAPRs. Reporter assays demonstrated that all examined Hdh-CCAPs and insect CCAP-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and cAMP accumulation in Hdh-CCAPR-expressing HEK293 cells, whereas none of the CCAP peptides inhibited the forskolin-stimulated cAMP signaling pathway even at micromolar concentrations. In silico ligand-receptor docking models showed that the N-terminal FCN motifs of Hdh-CCAPs are deeply inserted inside the binding pocket of Hdh-CCAPR, forming extensive hydrophobic interactions. In mature Pacific abalone, the transcripts for Hdh-CCAP precursor and Hdh-CCAPR were highly expressed in the neural ganglia compared to the peripheral tissues. Collectively, this study characterized the first CCAP signaling system linked to both Ca2+/PKC and cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathways in gastropod mollusks and gives insights into the evolutional origins of deuterostomian NPS and OT/VP signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Herz M, Zarowiecki M, Wessels L, Pätzel K, Herrmann R, Braun C, Holroyd N, Huckvale T, Bergmann M, Spiliotis M, Koziol U, Berriman M, Brehm K. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae and germinative cell cultures reveals genes involved in parasite stem cell function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1335946. [PMID: 38333034 PMCID: PMC10850878 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1335946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The lethal zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis is caused by tumour-like growth of the metacestode stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis within host organs. We previously demonstrated that metacestode proliferation is exclusively driven by somatic stem cells (germinative cells), which are the only mitotically active parasite cells that give rise to all differentiated cell types. The Echinococcus gene repertoire required for germinative cell maintenance and differentiation has not been characterised so far. We herein carried out Illumina sequencing on cDNA from Echinococcus metacestode vesicles, from metacestode tissue depleted of germinative cells, and from Echinococcus primary cell cultures. We identified a set of ~1,180 genes associated with germinative cells, which contained numerous known stem cell markers alongside genes involved in replication, cell cycle regulation, mitosis, meiosis, epigenetic modification, and nucleotide metabolism. Interestingly, we also identified 44 stem cell associated transcription factors that are likely involved in regulating germinative cell differentiation and/or pluripotency. By in situ hybridization and pulse-chase experiments, we also found a new general Echinococcus stem cell marker, EmCIP2Ah, and we provide evidence implying the presence of a slow cycling stem cell sub-population expressing the extracellular matrix factor Emkal1. RNA-Seq analyses on primary cell cultures revealed that metacestode-derived Echinococcus stem cells display an expanded differentiation capability and do not only form differentiated cell types of the metacestode, but also cells expressing genes specific for protoscoleces, adult worms, and oncospheres, including an ortholog of the schistosome praziquantel target, EmTRPMPZQ. Finally, we show that primary cell cultures contain a cell population expressing an ortholog of the tumour necrosis factor α receptor family and that mammalian TNFα accelerates the development of metacestode vesicles from germinative cells. Taken together, our analyses provide a robust and comprehensive characterization of the Echinococcus germinative cell transcriptome, demonstrate expanded differentiation capability of metacestode derived stem cells, and underscore the potential of primary germinative cell cultures to investigate developmental processes of the parasite. These data are relevant for studies into the role of Echinococcus stem cells in parasite development and will facilitate the design of anti-parasitic drugs that specifically act on the parasite germinative cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Herz
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Leonie Wessels
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Pätzel
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Herrmann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Braun
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Holroyd
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Huckvale
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Bergmann
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Spiliotis
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uriel Koziol
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Brehm
- Consultant Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Li X, Weth O, Haimann M, Möscheid MF, Huber TS, Grevelding CG. Rhodopsin orphan GPCR20 interacts with neuropeptides and directs growth, sexual differentiation, and egg production in female Schistosoma mansoni. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0219323. [PMID: 38047698 PMCID: PMC10783048 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02193-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases as defined by the WHO. For decades, the treatment of schistosomiasis relies on a single drug, praziquantel. Due to its wide use, there is justified fear of resistance against this drug, and a vaccine is not available. Besides its biological relevance in signal transduction processes, the class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is also well suited for drug design. Against this background, we characterized one GPCR of Schistosoma mansoni, SmGPCR20, at the molecular and functional level. We identified two potential neuropeptides (NPPs) as ligands, SmNPP26 and SmNPP40, and unraveled their roles, in combination with SmGPCR20, in neuronal processes controlling egg production, oogenesis, and growth of S. mansoni females. Since eggs are closely associated with the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis, our results contribute to the understanding of processes leading to egg production in schistosomes, which is under the control of pairing in this exceptional parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Institute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver Weth
- Institute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Haimann
- Institute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Max F. Möscheid
- Institute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Theresa S. Huber
- Institute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Van Bael S, Ludwig C, Baggerman G, Temmerman L. Identification and Targeted Quantification of Endogenous Neuropeptides in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Using Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2758:341-373. [PMID: 38549024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3646-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans lends itself as an excellent model organism for peptidomics studies. Its ease of cultivation and quick generation time make it suitable for high-throughput studies. The nervous system, with its 302 neurons, is probably the best-known and studied endocrine tissue. Moreover, its neuropeptidergic signaling pathways display numerous similarities with those observed in other metazoans. Here, we describe two label-free approaches for neuropeptidomics in C. elegans: one for discovery purposes, and another for targeted quantification and comparisons of neuropeptide levels between different samples. Starting from a detailed peptide extraction procedure, we here outline the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) setup and describe subsequent data analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Van Bael
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology & Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Beets I, Zels S, Vandewyer E, Demeulemeester J, Caers J, Baytemur E, Courtney A, Golinelli L, Hasakioğulları İ, Schafer WR, Vértes PE, Mirabeau O, Schoofs L. System-wide mapping of peptide-GPCR interactions in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113058. [PMID: 37656621 PMCID: PMC7615250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are ancient, widespread signaling molecules that underpin almost all brain functions. They constitute a broad ligand-receptor network, mainly by binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the organization of the peptidergic network and roles of many peptides remain elusive, as our insight into peptide-receptor interactions is limited and many peptide GPCRs are still orphan receptors. Here we report a genome-wide peptide-GPCR interaction map in Caenorhabditis elegans. By reverse pharmacology screening of over 55,384 possible interactions, we identify 461 cognate peptide-GPCR couples that uncover a broad signaling network with specific and complex combinatorial interactions encoded across and within single peptidergic genes. These interactions provide insights into peptide functions and evolution. Combining our dataset with phylogenetic analysis supports peptide-receptor co-evolution and conservation of at least 14 bilaterian peptidergic systems in C. elegans. This resource lays a foundation for system-wide analysis of the peptidergic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Zels
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jonas Demeulemeester
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; VIB - KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Caers
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esra Baytemur
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy Courtney
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | | | - William R Schafer
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Petra E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Olivier Mirabeau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Inserm U1224, Brain-Immune Communication Lab, 75015 Paris, France
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7
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Kreshchenko N, Terenina N, Mochalova N, Movsesyan S. Neuromuscular system of the causative agent of dicrocoeliosis, Dicrocoelium lanceatum. II. Neuropeptide FMRFamide immunoreactivity in nervous system. ZOOLOGY 2022; 155:126054. [PMID: 36335805 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic flatworm, trematoda Dicrocoelium lanceatum or lancet fluke is the causative agent of a widespread parasite disease of grazing ruminants, dicrocoeliosis. The aim of this work is the study of the presence and localization of neuropeptide FMRFamide immunoreactive elements in the nervous system of D. lanceatum using immunocytochemical technique and confocal scanning laser microscopy. For the first time the data on the presence and distribution of the FMRFamide-immunopositive components in the central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of D. lanceatum has been obtained. FMRFamidergic neurons and neurites were identified in paired brain ganglia, in the brain commissure, longitudinal nerve cords and connective nerve commissures. The innervation of the oral and ventral suckers by peptidergic nerve structures was revealed. The distal part of the reproductive system is innervated by FMRFamide immunopositive neurites. The data obtained suggest that the neuropeptides of FMRFamide family can be involved in the regulation of functions of the attachment organs and the reproductive system in D. lanceatum. The study of neurotransmitters and their functions in flatworms expand our knowledge on the structure and function of the nervous system of trematodes of various taxonomic groups. The results obtained on the morphological organization of D. lanceatum nervous system support the exploitation of the FMRFamidergic components as an anthelmintic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda Terenina
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Natalia Mochalova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sergey Movsesyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Institute of Zoology of Scientific Center for Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia, P. Sevaka str.,7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
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8
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Caña-Bozada V, Morales-Serna FN, Fajer-Ávila EJ, Llera-Herrera R. De novo transcriptome assembly and identification of G-Protein-Coupled-Receptors (GPCRs) in two species of monogenean parasites of fish. Parasite 2022; 29:51. [PMID: 36350193 PMCID: PMC9645230 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic resources for Platyhelminthes of the class Monogenea are scarce, despite the diversity of these parasites, some species of which are highly pathogenic to their fish hosts. This work aimed to generate de novo-assembled transcriptomes of two monogenean species, Scutogyrus longicornis (Dactylogyridae) and Rhabdosynochus viridisi (Diplectanidae), providing a protocol for cDNA library preparation with low input samples used in single cell transcriptomics. This allowed us to work with sub-microgram amounts of total RNA with success. These transcriptomes consist of 25,696 and 47,187 putative proteins, respectively, which were further annotated according to the Swiss-Prot, Pfam, GO, KEGG, and COG databases. The completeness values of these transcriptomes evaluated with BUSCO against Metazoa databases were 54.1% and 73%, respectively, which is in the range of other monogenean species. Among the annotations, a large number of terms related to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were found. We identified 109 GPCR-like sequences in R. viridisi, and 102 in S. longicornis, including family members specific for Platyhelminthes. Rhodopsin was the largest family according to GRAFS classification. Two putative melatonin receptors found in S. longicornis represent the first record of this group of proteins in parasitic Platyhelminthes. Forty GPCRs of R. viridisi and 32 of S. longicornis that were absent in Vertebrata might be potential drug targets. The present study provides the first publicly available transcriptomes for monogeneans of the subclass Monopisthocotylea, which can serve as useful genomic datasets for functional genomic research of this important group of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Caña-Bozada
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental Mazatlán Sinaloa 82112 Mexico
| | - F. Neptalí Morales-Serna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mazatlán Sinaloa 82040 Mexico
| | - Emma J. Fajer-Ávila
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental Mazatlán Sinaloa 82112 Mexico
| | - Raúl Llera-Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mazatlán Sinaloa 82040 Mexico
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9
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Robb E, McCammick EM, Wells D, McVeigh P, Gardiner E, Armstrong R, McCusker P, Mousley A, Clarke N, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Transcriptomic analysis supports a role for the nervous system in regulating growth and development of Fasciola hepatica juveniles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010854. [PMCID: PMC9639813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola spp. liver flukes have significant impacts in veterinary and human medicine. The absence of a vaccine and increasing anthelmintic resistance threaten sustainable control and underscore the need for novel flukicides. Functional genomic approaches underpinned by in vitro culture of juvenile Fasciola hepatica facilitate control target validation in the most pathogenic life stage. Comparative transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo maintained 21 day old F. hepatica finds that 86% of genes are expressed at similar levels across maintenance treatments suggesting commonality in core biological functioning within these juveniles. Phenotypic comparisons revealed higher cell proliferation and growth rates in the in vivo juveniles compared to their in vitro counterparts. These phenotypic differences were consistent with the upregulation of neoblast-like stem cell and cell-cycle associated genes in in vivo maintained worms. The more rapid growth/development of in vivo juveniles was further evidenced by a switch in cathepsin protease expression profiles, dominated by cathepsin B in in vitro juveniles and by cathepsin L in in vivo juveniles. Coincident with more rapid growth/development was the marked downregulation of both classical and peptidergic neuronal signalling components in in vivo maintained juveniles, supporting a role for the nervous system in regulating liver fluke growth and development. Differences in the miRNA complements of in vivo and in vitro juveniles identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs, including fhe-let-7a-5p, fhe-mir-124-3p and miRNAs predicted to target Wnt-signalling, which supports a key role for miRNAs in driving the growth/developmental differences in the in vitro and in vivo maintained juvenile liver fluke. Widespread differences in the expression of neuronal genes in juvenile fluke grown in vitro and in vivo expose significant interplay between neuronal signalling and the rate of growth/development, encouraging consideration of neuronal targets in efforts to dysregulate growth/development for parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Robb
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
| | - Erin M. McCammick
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
| | - Duncan Wells
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McVeigh
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Gardiner
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Armstrong
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Paul McCusker
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Clarke
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J. Marks
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (ER); (EMM); (AGM)
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10
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Fogarty CE, Suwansa-ard S, Phan P, McManus DP, Duke MG, Wyeth RC, Cummins SF, Wang T. Identification of Putative Neuropeptides That Alter the Behaviour of Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091344. [PMID: 36138823 PMCID: PMC9495596 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni, one of the main etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, requires an improved understanding of the behavioural mechanisms of cercariae, the non-feeding mammalian infective stage. This study investigated the presence and effect of cercariae-derived putative neuropeptides on cercarial behaviour when applied externally. Cercariae were peptidomically analysed and 11 neuropeptide precursor proteins, all of which were specific to the Schistosoma genus and most of which highly expressed in the cercarial stage, were identified in cercariae for the first time. Protein–protein interaction analysis predicted the interaction of various neuropeptide precursors (e.g., Sm-npp-30, Sm-npp-33, Sm-npp-35) with cercarial structural proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chain and titin). In total, nine putative neuropeptides, selected based on their high hydrophobicity and small size (~1 kilodalton), were tested on cercariae (3 mg/mL) in acute exposure (1 min) and prolonged exposure (360 min) behavioural bioassays. The peptides AAYMDLPW-NH2, NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2, FLLALPSP-OH, and NYLWDTRL-NH2 stimulated acute increases in cercarial spinning, stopping, and directional change during active states. However, only NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2 caused the same behavioural changes at a lower concentration (0.1 mg/mL). After prolonged exposure, AAYMDLPW-NH2 and NYLWDTRL-NH2 caused increasing passive behaviour and NRKIDQSFYSYY-NH2 caused increasing body-first and head-pulling movements. These findings characterise behaviour-altering novel putative neuropeptides, which may inform future biocontrol innovations to prevent human schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor E. Fogarty
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Saowaros Suwansa-ard
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Phong Phan
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mary G. Duke
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Russell C. Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Preza M, Van Bael S, Temmerman L, Guarnaschelli I, Castillo E, Koziol U. Global analysis of neuropeptides in cestodes identifies Attachin, a SIFamide homolog, as a stimulant of parasite motility and attachment. J Neurochem 2022; 162:467-482. [PMID: 35689626 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many anthelmintics target the neuromuscular system, in particular by interfering with signaling mediated by classical neurotransmitters. Although peptidergic signaling has been proposed as a novel target for anthelmintics, current knowledge of the neuropeptide complement of many helminth groups is still limited, especially for parasitic flatworms (cestodes, trematodes, and monogeneans). In this work, we have characterized the neuropeptide complement of the model cestode Hymenolepis microstoma. Peptidomic characterization of adults of H. microstoma validated many of the neuropeptide precursor (npp) genes previously predicted in silico, and identified novel neuropeptides that are conserved in parasitic flatworms. Most neuropeptides from parasitic flatworms lack significant similarity to those from other animals, confirming the uniqueness of their peptidergic signaling. Analysis of gene expression of ten npp genes by in situ hybridization confirmed that all of them are expressed in the nervous system and identified cryptic features, including the first evidence of dorsoventral asymmetry, as well as a new population of peripheral peptidergic cells that appears to be conserved in the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Finally, we characterized in greater detail Attachin, an SIFamide homolog. Although its expression is largely restricted to the longitudinal nerve cords and cerebral commissure in H. microstoma, it shows widespread localization in the larval nervous system of Echinococcus multilocularis and Mesocestoides corti. Exogenous addition of a peptide corresponding to the highly conserved C-terminus of Attachin stimulated motility and attachment of M. corti larvae. Altogether, this work provides a robust experimental foothold for the characterization of peptidergic signaling in parasitic flatworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Preza
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sven Van Bael
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inés Guarnaschelli
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Estela Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Uriel Koziol
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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12
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McKay FM, McCoy CJ, Crooks B, Marks NJ, Maule AG, Atkinson LE, Mousley A. In silico analyses of neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) profiles in parasitic nematodes. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:77-85. [PMID: 34450132 PMCID: PMC8764417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nematode parasite infections cause disease in humans and animals and threaten global food security by reducing productivity in livestock and crop farming. The escalation of anthelmintic resistance in economically important nematode parasites underscores the need for the identification of novel drug targets in these worms. Nematode neuropeptide signalling is an attractive system for chemotherapeutic exploitation, with neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptors (NP-GPCRs) representing the lead targets. In order to successfully validate NP-GPCRs for parasite control it is necessary to characterise their function and importance to nematode biology. This can be aided through identification of receptor activating ligand(s) via deorphanisation. Such efforts require the identification of all neuropeptide ligands within parasites. Here we mined the genomes of nine therapeutically relevant pathogenic nematodes to characterise the neuropeptide-like protein complements and demonstrate that: (i) parasitic nematodes possess a reduced complement of neuropeptide-like protein-encoding genes relative to Caenorhabditis elegans; (ii) parasite neuropeptide-like protein profiles are broadly conserved between nematode clades; (iii) five Ce-nlps are completely conserved across the nematode species examined; (iv) the extent and position of neuropeptide-like protein-motif conservation is variable; (v) novel RPamide-encoding genes are present in parasitic nematodes; (vi) novel Allatostatin-C-like peptide encoding genes are present in both C. elegans and parasitic nematodes; (vii) novel neuropeptide-like protein families are absent in C. elegans; and (viii) highly conserved nematode neuropeptide-like proteins are bioactive. These data highlight the complexity of nematode neuropeptide-like proteins and reveal the need for nomenclature revision in this diverse neuropeptide family. The identification of neuropeptide-like protein ligands, and characterisation of those with functional relevance, advance our understanding of neuropeptide signalling to support exploitation of the neuropeptidergic system as an anthelmintic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M McKay
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran J McCoy
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Crooks
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki J Marks
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron G Maule
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Atkinson
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Mousley
- Microbes & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
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13
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Terenina N, Kreshchenko N, Movsesyan S. Musculature and neurotransmitters of internal organs of trematodes (the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems). ZOOLOGY 2021; 150:125986. [PMID: 34929537 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The article analyzes the results on the presence and organization of the muscle elements in the visceral organs of parasitic flatworms, trematodes, as well as their innervations. The different regions of the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems of trematodes contain circular, longitudinal and diagonal muscle fibers. The results of immunocytochemical investigations and confocal scanning laser microscopy show the presence of serotonin and FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system elements in various parts of the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems of trematodes. The data suggest that serotonergic and FMRFamide-immunopositive components of parasite's nervous system are involved in the regulation of the muscle activity of the digestive, reproductive and excretory systems. Comparative analysis of the results presented for trematodes from different taxonomic groups indicates that the organization of muscle elements in the visceral organs in trematodes and their innervation by serotonergic and peptidergic components are highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Terenina
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Sergey Movsesyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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14
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Nefedova D, Terenina N, Mochalova N, Poddubnaya L, Movsesyan S, Gordeev I, Kuchin A, Kreshchenko N. The neuromuscular system in flatworms: serotonin and FMRFamide immunoreactivities and musculature in Prodistomum alaskense (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), an endemic fish parasite of the northwestern Pacific. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using the immunocytochemical method and confocal scanning laser microscopy, we obtained pioneering data on the muscle system organization and presence and localization of biogenic amine serotonin and FMRFamide-related peptides in the nervous system of the trematode Prodistomum alaskense (Ward and Fillingham, 1934) Bray and Merrett 1998 (family Lepocreadiidae). This flatworm is an intestinal parasite of endemic representatives of the marine fauna of the northwestern Pacific Ocean — the prowfish (Zaprora silenus Jordan, 1896) and the lumpfish (Aptocyclus ventricosus (Pallas, 1769)). We provide data of scanning electron microscopy on the tegumental topography of P. alaskense. The body wall musculature of P. alaskense has three layers of muscle fibres — the outer circular, intermediate longitudinal, and inner diagonal. The muscle system elements are well developed in the attachment organs, digestive and reproductive systems, and in the excretory sphincter. Serotonin– and FMRFamide–immunopositive neurons and neurites are found in the head ganglia, circular commissure, longitudinal nerve cords, and in the transversal connective commissures. The innervation of the oral and ventral suckers, pharynx, and the reproductive system compartments by the serotonergic and FMRFamide–immunopositive neurites is revealed. The results discus connection with the published data on the presence and functional roles of the serotonin and FMRFamide-related peptides in Platyhelminthes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Nefedova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - N.B. Terenina
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - N.V. Mochalova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - L.G. Poddubnaya
- I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 119, Yaroslavl Province, Russia, 152742
| | - S.O. Movsesyan
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - I.I. Gordeev
- Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Verkhn. Krasnoselskaya Str. 17, Moscow, Russia, 107140
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - A.V. Kuchin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
| | - N.D. Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Str. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia, 142290
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15
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Taylor SR, Santpere G, Weinreb A, Barrett A, Reilly MB, Xu C, Varol E, Oikonomou P, Glenwinkel L, McWhirter R, Poff A, Basavaraju M, Rafi I, Yemini E, Cook SJ, Abrams A, Vidal B, Cros C, Tavazoie S, Sestan N, Hammarlund M, Hobert O, Miller DM. Molecular topography of an entire nervous system. Cell 2021; 184:4329-4347.e23. [PMID: 34237253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have produced gene expression profiles of all 302 neurons of the C. elegans nervous system that match the single-cell resolution of its anatomy and wiring diagram. Our results suggest that individual neuron classes can be solely identified by combinatorial expression of specific gene families. For example, each neuron class expresses distinct codes of ∼23 neuropeptide genes and ∼36 neuropeptide receptors, delineating a complex and expansive "wireless" signaling network. To demonstrate the utility of this comprehensive gene expression catalog, we used computational approaches to (1) identify cis-regulatory elements for neuron-specific gene expression and (2) reveal adhesion proteins with potential roles in process placement and synaptic specificity. Our expression data are available at https://cengen.org and can be interrogated at the web application CengenApp. We expect that this neuron-specific directory of gene expression will spur investigations of underlying mechanisms that define anatomy, connectivity, and function throughout the C. elegans nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Taylor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gabriel Santpere
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Neurogenomics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), DCEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexis Weinreb
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alec Barrett
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Molly B Reilly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erdem Varol
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Oikonomou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori Glenwinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca McWhirter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abigail Poff
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manasa Basavaraju
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ibnul Rafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eviatar Yemini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Abrams
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Berta Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cyril Cros
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saeed Tavazoie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Prognostic value of plasma IL-27 on biological viability of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:63-71. [PMID: 34107327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential biomarkers for distinguishing biological viability of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. METHODS Using Luminex assay we measured plasma concentrations of cytokine and chemokine in patients with active and non-active cysts (hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE), n = 47) and stable/progressive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE, n = 38), and in comparable infection-free volunteers (n = 48). Disease progression was staged according to the classification standard. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, enhanced elevation was found of T helper 22 type cytokine interleukin (IL)-22 and chemokines Eotaxin, interferon-γ inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α concentrations in HAE patients, and IL-22, growth-related oncogene α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, regulated on activation normal T-expressed and secreted, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α concentrations in HCE patients (P < 0.05-0.001). For HCE patients, only IL-27 concentrations in non-active HCE were significantly lower than in active HCE. In logistic regression analysis, IL-27 <20.79 pg/mL was an independent risk factor for HCE biological viability with receiver operating characteristic analysis at a 44.23 pg/mL cut-off resulting in 0.72 area under the curve. CONCLUSIONS Our findings correlate multiple cytokine and chemokine secretion patterns in HAE and HCE patients with different disease progression stages. IL-27 could serve as a referring biomarker for distinguishing HCE biological viability and provide a preliminary foundation for clinical decision-making.
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17
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Réalis-Doyelle E, Schwartz J, Dubos MP, Favrel P. Molecular and physiological characterization of a crustacean cardioactive signaling system in a lophotrochozoan - the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): a role in reproduction and salinity acclimation. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:268353. [PMID: 34028518 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.241588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) is an important neuropeptide involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes in arthropods. Although this family of peptides has an ancestral origin, its function remains poorly understood among protostome species - apart from arthropods. We functionally characterized three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the oyster Crassostrea gigas, phylogenetically related to ecdysozoan CCAP receptors (CCAPRs) and to chordate neuropeptide S receptors (NPSRs). Cragi-CCAPR1 and Cragi-CCAPR2 were specifically activated by the Cragi-CCAP1 and Cragi-CCAP2 peptides, respectively, both derived from the same CCAP precursor. In contrast, Cragi-CCAPR3 was only partially activated by CCAP1 and CCAP2 at high concentrations. The Cragi-CCAPR1 and Cragi-CCAPR2 genes were expressed in various adult tissues. They are both most expressed in the gills, while Cragi-CCAPR3 is mainly expressed in the visceral ganglia (VG). Cragi-CCAP precursor transcripts are higher in the VG, the labial palps and the gills. Receptor and ligand-encoding transcripts are more abundantly expressed in the gonads in the first stages of gametogenesis, while the Cragi-CCAP precursor is upregulated in the VG in the last stages of gametogenesis. This suggests a role of the CCAP signaling system in the regulation of reproductive processes. A role in water and ionic regulation is also supported considering the differential expression of the CCAP signaling components in oysters exposed to brackish water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Réalis-Doyelle
- UMR BOREA, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, MNHN, CNRS-8067, IRD-207, Sorbonne Universités, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Julie Schwartz
- UMR BOREA, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, MNHN, CNRS-8067, IRD-207, Sorbonne Universités, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubos
- UMR BOREA, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, MNHN, CNRS-8067, IRD-207, Sorbonne Universités, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - Pascal Favrel
- UMR BOREA, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, MNHN, CNRS-8067, IRD-207, Sorbonne Universités, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France
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18
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Buzy A, Allain C, Harrington J, Lesuisse D, Mikol V, Bruhn DF, Maule AG, Guillemot JC. Peptidomics of Haemonchus contortus. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10288-10305. [PMID: 34056183 PMCID: PMC8153747 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Haemonchus contortus (the barber's pole worm) is an endoparasite infecting wild and domesticated ruminants worldwide. Widespread anthelmintic resistance of H. contortus requires alternative strategies to control this parasite. Neuropeptide signaling represents a promising target for anthelmintic drugs. Identification and relative quantification of nematode neuropeptides are, therefore, required for the development of such therapeutic targets. In this work, we undertook the profiling of the whole H. contortus larvae at different stages for the direct sequencing of the neuropeptides expressed at low levels in these tissues. We set out a peptide extraction protocol and a peptidomic workflow to biochemically characterize bioactive peptides from both first-stage (L1) and third-stage larvae (L3) of H. contortus. This work led to the identification and quantification at the peptidomic level of more than 180 mature neuropeptides, including amidated and nonamidated peptides, arising from 55 precursors of H. contortus. The differential peptidomic approach provided evidence that both life stages express most FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) and neuropeptide-like proteins (NLPs). The H. contortus peptidome resource, established in this work, could add the discovery of neuropeptide system-targeting drugs for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Buzy
- Sanofi
R&D, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Camille Allain
- Sanofi
R&D, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - John Harrington
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Animal Health, Duluth, Georgia 30096, United States
| | | | - Vincent Mikol
- Sanofi
R&D, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - David F. Bruhn
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Animal Health, Duluth, Georgia 30096, United States
| | - Aaron G. Maule
- School
of Biological Sciences, Queens’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K.
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19
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Preza M, Calvelo J, Langleib M, Hoffmann F, Castillo E, Koziol U, Iriarte A. Stage-specific transcriptomic analysis of the model cestode Hymenolepis microstoma. Genomics 2021; 113:620-632. [PMID: 33485950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most parasitic flatworms go through different life stages with important physiological and morphological changes. In this work, we used a transcriptomic approach to analyze the main life-stages of the model tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma (eggs, cysticercoids, and adults). Our results showed massive transcriptomic changes in this life cycle, including key gene families that contribute substantially to the expression load in each stage. In particular, different members of the cestode-specific hydrophobic ligand-binding protein (HLBP) family are among the most highly expressed genes in each life stage. We also found the transcriptomic signature of major metabolic changes during the transition from cysticercoids to adult worms. Thus, this work contributes to uncovering the gene expression changes that accompany the development of this important cestode model species, and to the best of our knowledge represents the first transcriptomic study with robust replicates spanning all of the main life stages of a tapeworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Preza
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Javier Calvelo
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Laboratorio Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Langleib
- Laboratorio Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Federico Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States
| | - Estela Castillo
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Uriel Koziol
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay.
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20
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Mair GR, Halton DW, Maule AG. The neuromuscular system of the sheep tapeworm Moniezia expansa. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32978688 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-020-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cestodes are common gastrointestinal parasites of humans and livestock. They attach to the host gut and, without a mouth or intestinal system, absorb nutrients through their epidermis. Here we show that despite this simplified anatomy and sessile lifestyle, they maintain a complex neuromuscular system. We used fluorescently labelled phalloidin as a specific probe for filamentous actin to define the overall organisation of several distinct muscle systems in the cyclophyllidean Moniezia expansa. Like all flatworms, the body wall musculature below the neodermis of this intestinal parasite of sheep is characterised by outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle fibres. Diagonal fibres, typically found in free-living and trematode platyhelminths, on the other hand, are notably absent. Prominent longitudinal sheaths dominate the parenchyma and provide retractor muscles to the four acetabula in the scolex; they attach at the bottom of each cup-shaped holdfast. Within sexually mature proglottids, circular fibres dominate the duct walls of the male and female reproductive systems. Nerve cells and fibres that express serotonin or neuropeptide F supply well-developed innervation to several of the described muscle systems: emanating from the central nervous system, fibres in the periphery develop pervasive nerve nets that anastomose within body wall musculature as well as the parenchymal longitudinal and oblique muscle fibres, and innervate the sexual organs and gonopore in mature proglottids. Using homology searches, we provide evidence for 20 neuropeptide precursors together with four prepropeptide processing enzymes as well as several 5-HT signalling components to be represented in the Moniezia transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar R Mair
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, 2008 Vet Med, Ames, IA, 50011-1134, USA.
| | - David W Halton
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Aaron G Maule
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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Kreshchenko N, Terenina N, Nefedova D, Mochalova N, Voropaeva E, Movsesyan S. The neuroactive substances and associated muscle system in Rhipidocotyle campanula (Digenea, Bucephalidae) from the intestine of the pike Esox lucius. J Morphol 2020; 281:1047-1058. [PMID: 32574422 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report about the muscular system and the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic components of the nervous system of the Bucephalidae trematode, Rhipidocotyle campanula, an intestinal parasite of the pike. We use immunocytochemical methods and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM). The musculature is identified by histochemical staining with fluorescently labeled phalloidin. The body wall musculature of R. campanula contains three layers of muscle fibres - the outer thin circular, intermediate longitudinal and inner diagonal muscle fibres running in two opposite directions. The digestive system of R. campanula possess of a well-developed musculature: radial, longitudinal and circular muscle elements are detected in the pharynx, circular and longitudinal muscle filaments seen in the oesophagus, and longitudinal and the circular muscle fibres were found in the intestinal wall. Specific staining indicating the presence of actin muscle filaments occurs in the cirrus sac localized in the posterior body region. The frontal region of anterior attachment organ, the rhynchus, in R. campanula is represented by radial muscle fibres. The posterior part of the rhynchus comprise of radial muscles forming the organ's wall, and several strong longitudinal muscle bundles. Serotonergic and FMRFamidergic structures are detected in the central and peripheral compartments of the nervous system of R. campanula, that is, in the paired brain ganglia, the brain commissure, the longitudinal nerve cords, and connective nerve commissures. The innervations of the rhynchus, pharynx, oesophagus and distal regions of the reproductive system by the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous elements are revealed. We compare our findings obtained on R. campanula with related data for other trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kreshchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Terenina
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Nefedova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Mochalova
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Voropaeva
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Tobolsk complex scientific station, Ural Department of Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Department of RAS), Tobolsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Movsesyan
- Center of Parasitology, А.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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The New Data on the Serotonin and FMRFamide Localization in the Nervous System of Opisthorchis felineus Metacercaria. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:361-374. [PMID: 32002774 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trematoda Opisthorchis felineus Rivolta, 1884 is the causative agent of dangerous parasite disease-opisthorchiasis, widespread in the Russian Federation. The details of the neuroanatomical localization of the serotoninergic and FMRFamidergic neurotransmitter elements as well as their functional roles remain not studied enough in both adult and larval forms of O. felineus. The studies in this area are important in term of the development of a new pharmacological strategy of the struggle with the causative agent of opisthorchiasis affecting the neuronal signal substances and the function of its nervous system. PURPOSE The aim of this work was the immunocytochemical study of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT, 5-Hydroxitryptamine) and neuropeptide FMRFamide localization in the nervous system of the opisthorchiasis causative agent-O. felineus metacercaria. To study the relationship between the detected neurotransmitters and the muscular elements of the parasite, the muscle staining was carried out simultaneously using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. METHODS The localization of 5-HTergic and FMRFamidergic nerve structures was determined by immunocytochemical method. The staining samples were analyzed using a fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopies. RESULTS The new data on the presence and distribution of the serotonin-immunopositive (IP)- and FMRFa-IP components in the central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of O. felineus metacercaria has been obtained. Besides that a number of the new anatomical details of the nervous system organization and of the innervation of the organs and tissues in the investigated parasite have been revealed. CONCLUSION The data obtained on the presence and localization of the 5-HTergic and peptidergic (FMRFamide) components in central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of O. felineus metacercaria elaborated and expanded the existing information about the nervous system as well as the innervations of the tissues and organs in the causative agent of opistchorchiasis.
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Yañez-Guerra LA, Elphick MR. Evolution and Comparative Physiology of Luqin-Type Neuropeptide Signaling. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:130. [PMID: 32132900 PMCID: PMC7041311 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Luqin is a neuropeptide that was discovered and named on account of its expression in left upper quadrant cells of the abdominal ganglion in the mollusc Aplysia californica. Subsequently, luqin-type peptides were identified as cardio-excitatory neuropeptides in other molluscs and a cognate receptor was discovered in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that orthologs of molluscan luqin-type neuropeptides occur in other phyla; these include neuropeptides in ecdysozoans (arthropods, nematodes) that have a C-terminal RYamide motif (RYamides) and neuropeptides in ambulacrarians (echinoderms, hemichordates) that have a C-terminal RWamide motif (RWamides). Furthermore, precursors of luqin-type neuropeptides typically have a conserved C-terminal motif containing two cysteine residues, although the functional significance of this is unknown. Consistent with the orthology of the neuropeptides and their precursors, phylogenetic and pharmacological studies have revealed that orthologous G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate effects of luqin-type neuropeptides in spiralians, ecdysozoans, and ambulacrarians. Luqin-type signaling originated in a common ancestor of the Bilateria as a paralog of tachykinin-type signaling but, unlike tachykinin-type signaling, luqin-type signaling was lost in chordates. This may largely explain why luqin-type signaling has received less attention than many other neuropeptide signaling systems. However, insights into the physiological actions of luqin-type neuropeptides (RYamides) in ecdysozoans have been reported recently, with roles in regulation of feeding and diuresis revealed in insects and roles in regulation of feeding, egg laying, locomotion, and lifespan revealed in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, characterization of a luqin-type neuropeptide in the starfish Asterias rubens (phylum Echinodermata) has provided the first insights into the physiological roles of luqin-type signaling in a deuterostome. In conclusion, although luqin was discovered in Aplysia over 30 years ago, there is still much to be learnt about luqin-type neuropeptide signaling. This will be facilitated in the post-genomic era by the emerging opportunities for experimental studies on a variety of invertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alfonso Yañez-Guerra
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Miles S, Magnone J, Cyrklaff M, Arbildi P, Frischknecht F, Dematteis S, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Linking murine resistance to secondary cystic echinococcosis with antibody responses targeting Echinococcus granulosus tegumental antigens. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151916. [PMID: 32107022 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Successful establishment of a parasite infection depends partially on the host intrinsic susceptibility to the pathogen. In cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus, the infection outcome in the murine model of secondary CE varies according to the mouse strain used. In this regard, intrinsic differences in susceptibility to the infection were previously reported for Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice, being C57Bl/6 animals less permissive to secondary CE. Induction of parasite-specific antibodies has been suggested to play relevant roles in such susceptibility/resistance phenomena. Here, we report an in deep comparison of antibody responses induced in both mouse strains. Firstly, only C57Bl/6 mice were shown to induce specific-antibodies with efficient anti-parasite activities during early secondary CE. Then, through ImmunoTEM and Serological Proteome Analysis (SERPA), an evaluation of specific antibody responses targeting parasite tegumental antigens was performed. Both strategies showed that infected C57Bl/6 mice -unlike Balb/c animals- narrowed their IgG recognition repertoire against tegumental antigens, targeting fewer but potentially more relevant parasite components. In this sense, tegumental antigens recognition between Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice, either by natural and/or induced antibodies, was analyzed through SERPA and MALDI-TOF/TOF studies. A total of 13 differentially recognized proteins (DRPs) uniquely targeted by antibodies from C57Bl/6 mice were successfully identified, wherein a subset of 7 DRPs were only recognized by infection-induced antibodies, suggesting their potential as natural protective antigens. In this regard, immunoinformatic analyses showed that such DRPs exhibited higher numbers of possible T cell epitopes towards the H-2-IAb haplotype, which is present in C57Bl/6 mice but absent in Balb/c animals. In summary, our results showed that the genetic predisposition to generate better T-dependent antibody responses against particular tegumental antigens might be a key factor influencing host susceptibility in the murine model of secondary CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB - Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Magnone
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB - Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marek Cyrklaff
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Arbildi
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB - Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Friedrich Frischknecht
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Dematteis
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB - Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB - Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Towards deorphanizing G protein-coupled receptors of Schistosoma mansoni using the MALAR yeast two-hybrid system. Parasitology 2019; 147:865-872. [PMID: 31840628 PMCID: PMC7284817 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma. Treatment is solely dependent on praziquantel. In the face of the worldwide dimension, projects have been initiated to develop new chemotherapies. Due to their proven druggability, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are promising targets for anthelmintics. However, to identify candidate receptors, a deeper understanding of GPCR signalling in schistosome biology is essential. Comparative transcriptomics of paired and unpaired worms and their gonads revealed 59 differentially regulated GPCR-coding genes putatively involved in neuronal processes. In general, the diversity among GPCRs and their integral membrane topology make it difficult to characterize and deorphanize these receptors. To overcome existing limitations, we performed a pilot approach and utilized the innovative Membrane-Anchored Ligand And Receptor yeast two-hybrid system (MALAR-Y2H) to associate potential neuropeptide ligands with their cognate receptors. Here, we demonstrated the ability to express full-length GPCRs of Schistosoma mansoni in a heterologous yeast-based system. Additionally, we localized GPCRs and chimeras of neuropeptides fused to the WBP1 transmembrane domain of yeast to the plasma membrane of yeast cells. Reporter gene assays indicated ligand-receptor binding, which allowed us to identify certain neuropeptides as potential ligands for two GPCRs, which had been found before to be differentially expressed in schistosomes in a pairing-dependent manner. Thus, the MALAR-Y2H system appears suitable to unravel schistosome GPCR–ligand interactions. Besides its relevance for understanding schistosome biology, identifying and characterizing GPCR–ligand interaction will also contribute to applied research aspects.
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Lu Z, Spänig S, Weth O, Grevelding CG. Males, the Wrongly Neglected Partners of the Biologically Unprecedented Male-Female Interaction of Schistosomes. Front Genet 2019; 10:796. [PMID: 31552097 PMCID: PMC6743411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes are the only platyhelminths that have evolved separate sexes, and they exhibit a unique reproductive biology because the female’s sexual maturation depends on a constant pairing contact with the male. In the female, pairing leads to gonad differentiation, which is associated with substantial morphological changes, and controls among others the expression of gonad-associated genes. In the male, no morphological changes have been observed after pairing, although first data indicated an effect of pairing on gene transcription. Comprehensive transcriptomic approaches have revealed an unexpected high number of genes that are differentially transcribed in the male after pairing. Their identities suggest roles for the male that are not restricted to feeding and enhanced muscular power to transport paired female and, as assumed before, to induce its sexual maturation by one “magic” factor. Instead, a more complex picture emerges in which both partners live in a reciprocal sender-recipient relationship that not only affects the gonads of both genders but may also involve tactile stimuli, transforming growth factor β signaling, nutritional parts, and neuronal processes, including neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptor signaling. This review provides a summary of transcriptomics including an overview of genes expressed in a pairing-dependent manner in schistosome males. This may stimulate further research in understanding the role of the male as the recipient of the female’s signals upon pairing, the male’s “capacitation,” and its subsequent competence as a sender of information. The latter process finally transforms a sexually immature, autonomous female without completely developed gonads into a sexually mature, partially non-autonomous female with fully differentiated gonads and enormous egg production capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Lu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Insitute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Spänig
- Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Weth
- Insitute for Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Scholz T, Kuchta R, Brabec J. Broad tapeworms (Diphyllobothriidae), parasites of wildlife and humans: Recent progress and future challenges. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 9:359-369. [PMID: 31341771 PMCID: PMC6630034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the family Diphyllobothriidae, commonly known as broad tapeworms, are predominantly large-bodied parasites of wildlife capable of infecting humans as their natural or accidental host. Diphyllobothriosis caused by adults of the genera Dibothriocephalus, Adenocephalus and Diphyllobothrium is usually not a life-threatening disease. Sparganosis, in contrast, is caused by larvae (plerocercoids) of species of Spirometra and can have serious health consequences, exceptionally leading to host's death in the case of generalised sparganosis caused by 'Sparganum proliferum'. While most of the definitive wildlife hosts of broad tapeworms are recruited from marine and terrestrial mammal taxa (mainly carnivores and cetaceans), only a few diphyllobothriideans mature in fish-eating birds. In this review, we provide an overview the recent progress in our understanding of the diversity, phylogenetic relationships and distribution of broad tapeworms achieved over the last decade and outline the prospects of future research. The multigene family-wide phylogeny of the order published in 2017 allowed to propose an updated classification of the group, including new generic assignment of the most important causative agents of human diphyllobothriosis, i.e., Dibothriocephalus latus and D. nihonkaiensis. Genomic data of selected representatives have also begun to accumulate, promising future developments in understanding the biology of this particular group of parasites. The list of nominal species of taxonomically most complicated genus Spirometra as well as host-parasite list of 37 species of broad tapeworms parasitising marine mammals (pinnipeds and cetaceans) are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, PO Box 6434, CH-1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland
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28
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Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, McManus DP. Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00075-18. [PMID: 30760475 PMCID: PMC6431127 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00075-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bao C, Yang Y, Zeng C, Huang H, Ye H. Identifying neuropeptide GPCRs in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, by combinatorial bioinformatics analysis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:122-130. [PMID: 30189191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides, ubiquitous signaling molecules, commonly achieve their signaling function via interaction with cell membrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In recent years, in the midst of the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, the amount of available information on encoded neuropeptides and their GPCRs sequences have increased dramatically. The repertoire of neuropeptides has been determined in many crustaceans, including the commercially important mud crab, Scylla paramamosain; however, determination of GPCRs is known to be more difficult and usually requires in vitro binding tests. In this study, we adopted a combinatorial bioinformatics analysis to identify S. paramamosain neuropeptide GPCRs. A total of 65 assembled GPCR sequences were collected from the transcriptome database. Subsequently these GPCRs were identified by comparison to known neuropeptide GPCRs based on the sequence-similarity-based clustering and phylogenetic analysis, which showed that many of them are closely related to insect GPCR families. Of these GPCRs, most of them were detected in various tissues of the mud crab and some of them showed differential expression by gender, suggesting they are involved in different physiological processes, such as sex differentiation. By employing ligand-receptor binding tests, we demonstrated that the predicted crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) receptor was activated by CCAP peptide in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first CCAP receptor that has been functionally defined in crustaceans. In summary, the present study shortlists candidate neuropeptide GPCRs for ligand-receptor binding tests, and provides information for subsequent future research on the neuropeptide/GPCR signaling pathway in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchang Bao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chaoshu Zeng
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Huiyang Huang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.
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Preza M, Montagne J, Costábile A, Iriarte A, Castillo E, Koziol U. Analysis of classical neurotransmitter markers in tapeworms: Evidence for extensive loss of neurotransmitter pathways. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:979-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Koziol U. Precursors of neuropeptides and peptide hormones in the genomes of tardigrades. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:116-127. [PMID: 29935140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tardigrades are a key group for understanding the evolution of the Ecdysozoa, a large clade of molting animals that also includes arthropods and nematodes. However, little is known about most aspects of their basic biology. Neuropeptide and peptide hormone signaling has been extensively studied in arthropods and nematodes (particularly regarding their roles in molting in arthropods), but very little is known about neuropeptide signaling in other ecdysozoans. In this work, different strategies were used to search for neuropeptide and peptide hormone precursors in the genomes of the tardigrades Hypsibius dujardini and Ramazzottius varieornatus. In general, there is a remarkable similarity in the complement of neuropeptides and their sequences between tardigrades and arthropods. The precursors found in tardigrades included homologs of achatin, allatostatins A, B and C, allatotropin, calcitonin, CCHamide, CCRFa, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, ecdysis triggering hormone, eclosion hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GSEFLamide, insulin-like peptides, ion transport peptide, kinin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, RYamide, short neuropeptide F, sulfakinin, tachykinin, trissin and vasopressin. In most cases, homologs of known cognate receptors for each neuropeptide family could only be identified when the precursors were also present in the genome, further supporting their identification. Some neuropeptide precursor genes have undergone several duplications in tardigrades, including allatostatin A and C, corazonin, GnRH, eclosion hormone, sulfakinin and trissin. Furthermore, four novel families of candidate neuropeptide precursors were identified (two of which could also be found in several arthropods). To the best of my knowledge, this work represents the first genome-wide search for neuropeptide precursors in any ecdysozoan species outside arthropods and nematodes, and is a necessary first step towards understanding neuropeptide function in tardigrades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Koziol
- Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Van Bael S, Zels S, Boonen K, Beets I, Schoofs L, Temmerman L. A Caenorhabditis elegans Mass Spectrometric Resource for Neuropeptidomics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:879-889. [PMID: 29299835 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are important signaling molecules used by nervous systems to mediate and fine-tune neuronal communication. They can function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in neural circuits, or they can be released as neurohormones to target distant cells and tissues. Neuropeptides are typically cleaved from larger precursor proteins by the action of proteases and can be the subject of post-translational modifications. The short, mature neuropeptide sequences often entail the only evolutionarily reasonably conserved regions in these precursor proteins. Therefore, it is particularly challenging to predict all putative bioactive peptides through in silico mining of neuropeptide precursor sequences. Peptidomics is an approach that allows de novo characterization of peptides extracted from body fluids, cells, tissues, organs, or whole-body preparations. Mass spectrometry, often combined with on-line liquid chromatography, is a hallmark technique used in peptidomics research. Here, we used an acidified methanol extraction procedure and a quadrupole-Orbitrap LC-MS/MS pipeline to analyze the neuropeptidome of Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified an unprecedented number of 203 mature neuropeptides from C. elegans whole-body extracts, including 35 peptides from known, hypothetical, as well as from completely novel neuropeptide precursor proteins that have not been predicted in silico. This set of biochemically verified peptide sequences provides the most elaborate C. elegans reference neurpeptidome so far. To exploit this resource to the fullest, we make our in-house database of known and predicted neuropeptides available to the community as a valuable resource. We are providing these collective data to help the community progress, amongst others, by supporting future differential and/or functional studies. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Van Bael
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Zels
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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McVeigh P, McCammick E, McCusker P, Wells D, Hodgkinson J, Paterson S, Mousley A, Marks NJ, Maule AG. Profiling G protein-coupled receptors of Fasciola hepatica identifies orphan rhodopsins unique to phylum Platyhelminthes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:87-103. [PMID: 29474932 PMCID: PMC6114109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are established drug targets. Despite their considerable appeal as targets for next-generation anthelmintics, poor understanding of their diversity and function in parasitic helminths has thwarted progress towards GPCR-targeted anti-parasite drugs. This study facilitates GPCR research in the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, by generating the first profile of GPCRs from the F. hepatica genome. Our dataset describes 147 high confidence GPCRs, representing the largest cohort of GPCRs, and the largest set of in silico ligand-receptor predictions, yet reported in any parasitic helminth. All GPCRs fall within the established GRAFS nomenclature; comprising three glutamate, 135 rhodopsin, two adhesion, five frizzled, one smoothened, and one secretin GPCR. Stringent annotation pipelines identified 18 highly diverged rhodopsins in F. hepatica that maintained core rhodopsin signatures, but lacked significant similarity with non-flatworm sequences, providing a new sub-group of potential flukicide targets. These facilitated identification of a larger cohort of 76 related sequences from available flatworm genomes, representing new members of existing groups (PROF1/Srfb, Rho-L, Rho-R, Srfa, Srfc) of flatworm-specific rhodopsins. These receptors imply flatworm specific GPCR functions, and/or co-evolution with unique flatworm ligands, and could facilitate the development of exquisitely selective anthelmintics. Ligand binding domain sequence conservation relative to deorphanised rhodopsins enabled high confidence ligand-receptor matching of seventeen receptors activated by acetylcholine, neuropeptide F/Y, octopamine or serotonin. RNA-Seq analyses showed expression of 101 GPCRs across various developmental stages, with the majority expressed most highly in the pathogenic intra-mammalian juvenile parasites. These data identify a broad complement of GPCRs in F. hepatica, including rhodopsins likely to have key functions in neuromuscular control and sensory perception, as well as frizzled and adhesion/secretin families implicated, in other species, in growth, development and reproduction. This catalogue of liver fluke GPCRs provides a platform for new avenues into our understanding of flatworm biology and anthelmintic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McVeigh
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Erin McCammick
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Paul McCusker
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Duncan Wells
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Mousley
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nikki J Marks
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aaron G Maule
- Parasitology & Pathogen Biology, The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Some details of muscles innervations by FMRF-like nerve elements in planarian Girardia tigrina. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hébert FO, Grambauer S, Barber I, Landry CR, Aubin-Horth N. Major host transitions are modulated through transcriptome-wide reprogramming events in Schistocephalus solidus, a threespine stickleback parasite. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1118-1130. [PMID: 27997044 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasites with complex life cycles have developed numerous phenotypic strategies, closely associated with developmental events, to enable the exploitation of different ecological niches and facilitate transmission between hosts. How these environmental shifts are regulated from a metabolic and physiological standpoint, however, still remain to be fully elucidated. We examined the transcriptomic response of Schistocephalus solidus, a trophically transmitted parasite with a complex life cycle, over the course of its development in an intermediate host, the threespine stickleback, and the final avian host. Results from our differential gene expression analysis show major reprogramming events among developmental stages. The final host stage is characterized by a strong activation of reproductive pathways and redox homoeostasis. The attainment of infectivity in the fish intermediate host-which precedes sexual maturation in the final host and is associated with host behaviour changes-is marked by transcription of genes involved in neural pathways and sensory perception. Our results suggest that un-annotated and S. solidus-specific genes could play a determinant role in host-parasite molecular interactions required to complete the parasite's life cycle. Our results permit future comparative analyses to help disentangle species-specific patterns of infection from conserved mechanisms, ultimately leading to a better understanding of the molecular control and evolution of complex life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Olivier Hébert
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stephan Grambauer
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Iain Barber
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nadia Aubin-Horth
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Koziol U. Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) of cestodes. Exp Parasitol 2016; 180:84-100. [PMID: 27939766 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cestodes (tapeworms) have complex adaptations to their obligatory parasitic life-style. Among these adaptations, they show many evolutionary innovations in their development, including complex life-cycles with multiple hosts and life-stages, several independent origins of asexual reproduction, and the evolution of segmentation as a mean to generate massive reproductive output. Therefore, cestodes offer many opportunities for the investigation of the evolutionary origins of developmental novelties (evo-devo). However, cestodes have not been exploited as major models for evo-devo research due to the considerable technical difficulties involved in their study. In this review, a panoramic view is given of classical aspects, methods and hypothesis of cestode development, together with recent advances in phylogenetics, genomics, culture methods, and comparative analysis of cestode gene expression. Together with the availability of powerful models for related free-living flatworms, these developments should encourage the incorporation of these fascinating parasites into the first-line of evo-devo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Koziol
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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