1
|
Senarat S, Pornsawad P, Lertsuphotvanit N, Østergaard J, Phaechamud T. Numerical Mechanistic Modelling of Drug Release from Solvent-Removal Zein-Based In Situ Gel. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2401. [PMID: 37896160 PMCID: PMC10609933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of effective drug delivery systems remains a focus of extensive research to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Among these, in situ forming gels (ISG) have emerged as a promising avenue for controlled drug release. This research focuses on the mathematical modeling of levofloxacin HCl (Lv) release from zein-based ISG using the cup method, aiming to mimic the environment of a periodontal pocket. The drug release behavior of the ISGs was investigated through experimental observations and numerical simulations employing forward and central difference formula. Notably, the experimental data for drug release from the 20% w/w zein-based ISG formulations closely aligned with the simulations obtained from numerical mechanistic modeling. In summary, 20% w/w zein-based ISG formulations demonstrated nearly complete drug release with the maximum drug concentration at the edge of the matrix phase values consistently around 100-105%, while 25% w/w zein-based ISG formulations exhibited somewhat lower drug release extents, with values ranging from 70-90%. Additionally, the rate of drug transport from the polymer matrix to the external phase influenced initial release rates, resulting in a slower release. The utilization of glycerol formal as a solvent extended drug release further than dimethyl sulfoxide, thanks to denser matrices formed by high-loading polymers that acted as robust barriers to solvent removal and drug diffusion. Furthermore, UV-vis imaging was utilized to visualize the matrix formation process and solvent diffusion within the ISGs. The imaging results offered valuable insights into the matrix formation kinetics, controlled drug release mechanisms, and the influence of solvent properties on drug diffusion. The combination of mathematical modeling and experimental visualization provides a comprehensive understanding of drug release from zein-based ISGs and offers a foundation for tailored drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setthapong Senarat
- Programme of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Pornsarp Pornsawad
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Nutdanai Lertsuphotvanit
- Program of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Programme of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
- Program of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li L, Zhu X, Yang H, Liang B, Yuan L, Hu Y, Chen F, Han X. Phase-Field Model for Drug Release of Water-Swellable Filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2854-2867. [PMID: 35801946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper treats the drug release process as a phase-field problem and a phase-field model capable of simulating the dynamics of multiple moving fronts, transient drug fluxes, and fractional drug release from swellable polymeric systems is proposed and validated experimentally. The model can not only capture accurately the positions and movements of the distinct fronts without tracking the locations of fronts explicitly but also predict well the release profile to the completion of the release process. The parametric study has shown that parameters including water diffusion coefficient, drug saturation solubility, drug diffusion coefficient, initial drug loading ratio, and initial porosity are critical in regulating the drug release kinetics. It has been also demonstrated that the model can be applied to the study of swellable filaments and has wide applicability for different materials. Due to explicit boundary position tracking being eliminated, the model paves the way for practical use and can be extended for dealing with geometrically complex drug delivery systems. It is a useful tool to guide the design of new controlled delivery systems fabricated by fused filament fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, U.K
| | - Bangchao Liang
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Feng Chen
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- National Research Center for High-Efficiency Grinding, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China.,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee DY, Shin S, Kim TH, Shin BS. Establishment of Level a In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation (IVIVC) via Extended DoE-IVIVC Model: A Donepezil Case Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061226. [PMID: 35745798 PMCID: PMC9227873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish an extended design of experiment (DoE)-in vitro in vivo correlation (IVIVC) model that defines the relationship between formulation composition, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Fourteen sustained-release (SR) tablets of a model drug, donepezil, were designed by applying a mixture design of DoE and prepared by the wet granulation method. The in vitro dissolution patterns of donepezil SR tablets were described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The mathematical relationship describing the effects of SR tablet compositions on the in vitro dissolution parameter, i.e., the in vitro maximum rate of release (Vmax), was derived. The predictability of the derived DoE model was validated by an additional five SR tablets with a mean prediction error (PE%) of less than 3.50% for in vitro Vmax. The pharmacokinetics of three types of donepezil SR and the immediate-release (IR) tablets was assessed in Beagle dogs following oral administration (n = 3, each). Based on the plasma concentration-time profile, a population pharmacokinetic model was developed, and the in vivo dissolution of SR tablets, represented by in vivo Vmax, was estimated. By correlating the in vitro and in vivo Vmax, level A IVIVC was established. Finally, the extended DoE-IVIVC model was developed by integrating the DoE equation and IVIVC into the population pharmacokinetic model. The extended DoE-IVIVC model allowed one to predict the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of donepezil SR tablets with PE% less than 10.30% and 5.19%, respectively, by their formulation composition as an input. The present extended DoE-IVIVC model may provide a valuable tool to predict the effect of formulation changes on in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior, leading to the more efficient development of SR formulations. The application of the present modeling approaches to develop other forms of drug formulation may be of interest for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Soyoung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea;
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-290-7705
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moroney KM, Kotamarthy L, Muthancheri I, Ramachandran R, Vynnycky M. A moving-boundary model of dissolution from binary drug-excipient granules incorporating microstructure. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120219. [PMID: 33548366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate mechanistic in vitro dissolution models can deliver insight into drug release behaviour and guide formulation development. Drug release profiles from drug-excipient granules can be impacted by variation of porosity and drug load within granules, which may arise from inherent variability in granulation processes. Here, we analyse and validate a recent model of drug release from a single spherical granule with a matrix of insoluble excipient, incorporating radial variation of porosity and drug load. The model is presented and specialised to the case where the initial drug load is large compared to the capacity of the granule's pores at solubility. In this limit, the model reduces to a single ordinary differential equation describing depletion of a shrinking, drug-saturated core. Model validation is performed using drug release data from the literature for a granule system consisting of acetaminophen and microcrystalline cellulose. A new extended model to describe dissolution from a polydisperse collection of granules is derived. The performance is compared to single particle models using equivalent spherical diameters. The developed model provides a new tool to explore the dissolution parameter space for these systems and for considering the impact of radial variation of granule porosity and drug load arising from manufacturing processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Moroney
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; MACSI, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Lalith Kotamarthy
- Dept. of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Indu Muthancheri
- Dept. of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rohit Ramachandran
- Dept. of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael Vynnycky
- MACSI, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Exploring tablet design options for tailoring drug release and dose via fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Elgaied-Lamouchi D, Descamps N, Lefèvre P, Mackin-Mohamour AR, Neut C, Siepmann F, Siepmann J, Muschert S. Robustness of Controlled Release Tablets Based on a Cross-linked Pregelatinized Potato Starch Matrix. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:148. [PMID: 32436061 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a cross-linked pregelatinized potato starch (PREGEFLO® PI10) as matrix former for controlled release tablets. Different types of tablets loaded with diprophylline, diltiazem HCl or theophylline were prepared by direct compression of binary drug/polymer blends. The drug content was varied from 20 to 50%. Two hydroxypropyl methylcellulose grades (HPMC K100LV and K100M) were studied as alternative matrix formers. Drug release was measured in a variety of release media using different types of experimental set-ups. This includes 0.1 N HCl, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and water, optionally containing different amounts of NaCl, sucrose, ethanol or pancreatin, fasted state simulated gastric fluid, fed state simulated gastric fluid, fasted state simulated intestinal fluid, fed state simulated intestinal fluid as well as media simulating the conditions in the colon of healthy subjects and patients suffering from Crohn's disease. The USP apparatuses I/II/III were used under a range of operating conditions and optionally coupled with the simulation of additional mechanical stress. Importantly, the drug release kinetics was not substantially affected by the investigated environmental conditions from tablets based on the cross-linked pregelatinized potato starch, similar to HPMC tablets. However, in contrast to the latter, the starch-based tablets roughly kept their shape upon exposure to the release media (they "only" increased in size) during the observation period, and the water penetration into the systems was much less pronounced. Thus, the investigated cross-linked pregelatinized potato starch offers an interesting potential as matrix former in controlled release tablets.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Barmpalexis P, Kachrimanis K, Malamataris S. Statistical moments in modelling of swelling, erosion and drug release of hydrophilic matrix-tablets. Int J Pharm 2018; 540:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Andrade ÂL, Militani IA, de Almeida KJ, Belchior JC, dos Reis SC, Costa e Silva RMF, Domingues RZ. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Controlled Release of Tetracycline Incorporated into Bioactive Glasses. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1287-1296. [PMID: 29318467 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several authors have studied the release profile of drugs incorporated in different devices. However, to the best of our knowledge, although many studies have been done on the release of tetracycline, in these release devices, no study has investigated if the released compound is actually the tetracycline, or, instead, a degraded product. This approach is exploited here. In this work, we analyse the influence of two drying methods on the tetracycline delivery behaviour of synthesised glasses using the sol-gel process. We compare the drying methods results using both theoretical models and practical essays, and analyse the chemical characteristic of the released product in order to verify if it remains tetracycline. Samples were freeze-dried or dried in an oven at 37°C and characterised by several methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG), differential thermal analyses (DTA) and gas adsorption analysis (BET). The released concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride was studied as a function of time, and it was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in the tetracycline wavelength. The drug delivery profiles were reasonably consistent with a diffusion model analysis. In addition, we observed higher release rates for the freeze-dried compared to those dried in an oven at 37°C. This higher release can be attributed to larger pore size for the freeze-dried sample systems with tetracycline, which promoted more water penetration, improving the drug diffusion. The analysis of the solution obtained in the release tests using high-performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) confirmed that tetracycline was being released.
Collapse
|
11
|
New comprehensive mathematical model for HPMC-MCC based matrices to design oral controlled release systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 121:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
12
|
Limited drug solubility can be decisive even for freely soluble drugs in highly swollen matrix tablets. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:280-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
13
|
Advances in mechanistic understanding of release rate control mechanisms of extended-release hydrophilic matrix tablets. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:553-72. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches to characterizing and developing understanding around the mechanisms that control the release of drugs from hydrophilic matrix tablets are reviewed. While historical context is provided and direct physical characterization methods are described, recent advances including the role of percolation thresholds, the application on magnetic resonance and other spectroscopic imaging techniques are considered. The influence of polymer and dosage form characteristics are reviewed. The utility of mathematical modeling is described. Finally, how all the information derived from applying the developed mechanistic understanding from all of these tools can be brought together to develop a robust and reliable hydrophilic matrix extended-release tablet formulation is proposed.
Collapse
|
14
|
A unified multicomponent stress-diffusion model of drug release from non-biodegradable polymeric matrix tablets. J Control Release 2016; 224:43-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Swelling, erosion and drug release characteristics of Sodium Diclofenac from heterogeneous matrix tablets. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Gehrke M, Sircoglou J, Vincent C, Siepmann J, Siepmann F. How to adjust dexamethasone mobility in silicone matrices: A quantitative treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 100:27-37. [PMID: 26686648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicone-based drug delivery systems offer a great potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a large variety of medical treatments, e.g. allowing for local long-term delivery of active agents to the inner ear. Different formulation parameters can be varied to adjust desired drug release kinetics. However, often only qualitative information is available on their effects, and product optimization is cumbersome. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative analysis, allowing also for theoretical predictions of the impact of the device design on system performance. Dexamethasone was incorporated into thin films based on different types of silicones (e.g. varying in the type of side chains and contents of amorphous silica), optionally containing different types and amounts of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (5% or 10%). Furthermore, the initial drug content was altered (from 10% to 50%). In most cases, an analytical solution of Fick's second law could be used to describe the resulting drug release kinetics from the films and to determine the respective "apparent" diffusion coefficient of the drug (which varied from 2×10(-14) to 2×10(-12)cm(2)/s, depending on the system's composition). Thus, the impact of the investigated formulation parameters on drug mobility in the polymeric matrices could be quantitatively described. Importantly, the knowledge of the "apparent" drug diffusivity can be used to theoretically predict the resulting release kinetics from dosage forms of arbitrary size and shape. For instance, dexamethasone release was theoretically predicted from cylindrical extrudates based on a selection of different silicone types. Interestingly, these predictions could be confirmed by independent experiments. Hence, this type of quantitative analysis can replace time-consuming and cost-intensive series of trial-and-error experiments during product optimization. This is particularly helpful, if long-term drug release (e.g., during several weeks, months or years) is targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gehrke
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - J Sircoglou
- INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France; University Hospital of Lille, Otology and Neurotology Department, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - C Vincent
- INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France; University Hospital of Lille, Otology and Neurotology Department, F-59037 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France.
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; INSERM U1008, 3 Rue du Prof. Laguesse, F-59006 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
CACCAVO D, CASCONE S, LAMBERTI G, BARBA AA. Controlled drug release from hydrogel-based matrices: Experiments and modeling. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Ghori MU, Ginting G, Smith AM, Conway BR. Simultaneous quantification of drug release and erosion from hypromellose hydrophilic matrices. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:405-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Siepmann J, Siepmann F. Mathematical modeling of drug dissolution. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|