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Qin HM, Luo ZK, Zhou HL, Zhu J, Xiao XY, Xiao Y, Zhuang T, Zhang GS. Novel drug-drug salt crystals of metformin with ibuprofen or naproxen: Improved solubility, dissolution rate, and synergistic antinociceptive effects. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124126. [PMID: 38626845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As the monotherapy of available analgesics is usually accompanied by serious side effects or limited efficacy in the management of chronic pain, multimodal analgesia is widely used to achieve improved benefit-to-risk ratios in clinic. Drug-drug salts are extensively researched to optimize the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and achieve clinical benefits compared with individual APIs or their combination. New drug-drug salt crystals metformin-ibuprofen (MET-IBU) and metformin-naproxen (MET-NAP) were prepared from metformin (MET) and two poorly water-soluble anti-inflammatory drugs (IBU and NAP) by the solvent evaporation method. The structures of these crystals were confirmed by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Both MET-IBU and MET-NAP showed significantly improved solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate than the pure IBU or NAP. The stability test indicated that MET-IBU and MET-NAP have excellent physical stability under stressing test (10 days) and accelerated conditions (3 months). Moreover, isobolographic analysis suggested that MET-IBU and MET-NAP exerted potent and synergistic antinociceptive effects in λ-Carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain in mice, and both of them had an advantage in rapid pain relief. These results demonstrated the potential of MET-IBU and MET-NAP to achieve synergistic antinociceptive effects by developing drug-drug salt crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zheng-Kang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui-Ling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xin-Yi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Gui-Sen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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Boccella S, De Filippis L, Giorgio C, Brandolini L, Jones M, Novelli R, Amorizzo E, Leoni MLG, Terranova G, Maione S, Luongo L, Leone M, Allegretti M, Minnella EM, Aramini A. Combination Drug Therapy for the Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1802. [PMID: 38136672 PMCID: PMC10741625 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is an increasingly prevalent disease and leading cause of disability which is challenging to treat. Several distinct classes of drugs are currently used for the treatment of chronic NP, but each drug targets only narrow components of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, bears limited efficacy, and comes with dose-limiting side effects. Multimodal therapies have been increasingly proposed as potential therapeutic approaches to target the multiple mechanisms underlying nociceptive transmission and modulation. However, while preclinical studies with combination therapies showed promise to improve efficacy over monotherapy, clinical trial data on their efficacy in specific populations are lacking and increased risk for adverse effects should be carefully considered. Drug-drug co-crystallization has emerged as an innovative pharmacological approach which can combine two or more different active pharmaceutical ingredients in a single crystal, optimizing pharmacokinetic and physicochemical characteristics of the native molecules, thus potentially capitalizing on the synergistic efficacy between classes of drugs while simplifying adherence and minimizing the risk of side effects by reducing the doses. In this work, we review the current pharmacological options for the treatment of chronic NP, focusing on combination therapies and their ongoing developing programs and highlighting the potential of co-crystals as novel approaches to chronic NP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boccella
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Lidia De Filippis
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via S. Lucia, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.F.); (R.N.); (M.L.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Cristina Giorgio
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Brandolini
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Meghan Jones
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé US, 181 2nd Avenue, STE 600, San Mateo, CA 94401, USA;
| | - Rubina Novelli
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via S. Lucia, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.F.); (R.N.); (M.L.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Ezio Amorizzo
- Pain Unit, San Paolo Hospital, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy;
- Pain Clinic Roma, 00191 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Luigi Giuseppe Leoni
- Azienda USL di Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Manuela Leone
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via S. Lucia, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.F.); (R.N.); (M.L.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Marcello Allegretti
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Enrico Maria Minnella
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via S. Lucia, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.D.F.); (R.N.); (M.L.); (E.M.M.)
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Research & Early Development (R&D), Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.)
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Nugrahani I, Parwati RD. Challenges and Progress in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Co-Crystal Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144185. [PMID: 34299458 PMCID: PMC8303568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-crystal innovation is an opportunity in drug development for both scientists and industry. In line with the “green pharmacy” concept for obtaining safer methods and advanced pharmaceutical products, co-crystallization is one of the most promising approaches to find novel patent drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This kind of multi-component system improves previously poor physicochemical and mechanical properties through non-covalent interactions. Practically, there are many challenges to find commercially viable co-crystal drugs. The difficulty in selecting co-formers becomes the primary problem, followed by unexpected results, such as decreased solubility and dissolution, spring and parachute effect, microenvironment pH effects, changes in instability, and polymorphisms, which can occur during the co-crystal development. However, over time, NSAID co-crystals have been continuously updated regarding co-formers selection and methods development.
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Kim H, Jang S, Kim IW. Enhanced Dissolution of Naproxen by Combining Cocrystallization and Eutectic Formation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:618. [PMID: 33923065 PMCID: PMC8145234 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving dissolution properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a critical step in drug development with the increasing occurrence of sparingly soluble APIs. Cocrystal formation is one of the methods to alter the physicochemical properties of APIs, but its dissolution behavior in biorelevant media has been scrutinized only in recent years. We investigated the combined strategy of cocrystallization and eutectic formation in this regard and utilized the cocrystal model system of naproxen and three pyridinecarboxamide isomers. Binary melting diagrams were constructed to discover the eutectic compositions of the three cocrystals with excess amounts of pyridinecarboxamides. The melt-crystallized eutectics and cocrystals were compared in their dissolution behaviors with respect to neat naproxen. The eutectics enhanced the early dissolution rates of the cocrystals in both the absence and presence of biologically relevant bile salt and phospholipid components, whereas the cocrystal dissolution was expedited and delayed, respectively. The combined strategy in the present study will be advantageous in maximizing the utility of the pharmaceutical cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Il Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea; (H.K.); (S.J.)
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Haneef J, Ali S, Chadha R. Emerging Multi-Drug Eutectics: Opportunities and Challenges. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:66. [PMID: 33554308 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity and heterogeneous nature of most diseases have posed greater challenges in the modern healthcare system. Fixed-dose combination can offer an ideal way to improve patient compliance and higher therapeutic efficacy. However, biopharmaceutical issues associated with the drug combinations remain unaddressed. Multidrug eutectics (MDE) have demonstrated significant promise in improving the biopharmaceutical attributes with synergistic therapeutic action. Eutectic mixtures are the multicomponent solid forms that possess lesser melting point than the individual components at a fixed composition. Non-covalent linking of drug combinations as MDE is an innovative strategy with enhanced solubility, dissolution, and mechanical and potential therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design of MDE, rational selection of drugs, characterization tools, and their therapeutic potential. Besides, the futuristic perspective where MDE could make a significant impact on combination therapy is briefly outlined. Graphical Abstract.
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Fandaruff C, Wilhelm K, Vega-Baudrit JR, Guillén-Girón T, Navarro-Hoyos M. Crystal Engineering to Design of Solids: From Single to Multicomponent Organic Materials. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190430153231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Primarily composed of organic molecules, pharmaceutical materials, including drugs and
excipients, frequently exhibit physicochemical properties that can affect the formulation, manufacturing
and packing processes as well as product performance and safety. In recent years, researchers
have intensively developed Crystal Engineering (CE) in an effort to reinvent bioactive molecules
with well-known, approved pharmacological effects. In general, CE aims to improve the physicochemical
properties without affecting their intrinsic characteristics or compromising their stability.
CE involves the molecular recognition of non-covalent interactions, in which organic materials are
responsible for the regular arrangement of molecules into crystal lattices. Modern CE, encompasses
all manipulations that result in the alteration of crystal packing as well as methods that disrupt crystal
lattices or reduce the size of crystals, or a combination of them. Nowadays, cocrystallisation has been
the most explored strategy to improve solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients (API). However, its combinatorial nature involving two or more small organic
molecules, and the use of diverse crystallisation processes increase the possible outcomes. As a result,
numerous organic materials can be obtained as well as several physicochemical and mechanical
properties can be improved. Therefore, this review will focus on novel organic solids obtained when
CE is applied including crystalline and amorphous, single and multicomponent as well as nanosized
ones, that have contributed to improving not only solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability permeability
but also, chemical and physical stability and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krissia Wilhelm
- Escuela de Quimica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | | | - Teodolito Guillén-Girón
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingenieria de los Materiales, Tecnologico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
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Bazzo GC, Pezzini BR, Stulzer HK. Eutectic mixtures as an approach to enhance solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119741. [PMID: 32783978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic mixtures have been known for a long time in the pharmaceutical field. However, its potential as a system to improve the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs remains little explored. Studies involving the microstructural characterization and the preparation of solid dosage forms containing eutectic mixtures are also an issue to be developed. Recently, the number of studies involving the preparation of eutectic mixtures to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs has increased considerably, including drug-carrier and drug-drug mixtures. In this review is discussed the potential of eutectic mixtures as an alternative pharmaceutical solid system to enhance drugs solubility, dissolution rate or oral bioavailability. Different aspects like history, physico-chemical, microstructural properties, preparation methods, mechanisms involved in solubility/dissolution enhancement, techniques for solid state characterization, in vivo studies, advantages, limitations and formulation perspective are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Carolina Bazzo
- Innovation Study Center in Pharmaceutical Technologies - NITfar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ramos Pezzini
- Innovation Study Center in Pharmaceutical Technologies - NITfar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Hellen Karine Stulzer
- Innovation Study Center in Pharmaceutical Technologies - NITfar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Odounga Odounga JE, Báthori NB. Systematic comparison of racemic and enantiopure multicomponent crystals of phenylsuccinic acid—the role of chirality. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00072h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of binary cocrystals of chiral and racemic carboxylic acids showed that the introduction of chiral building blocks may lead to the formation of subclasses of multicomponent crystals with unique Z′′/Zr values combined with complex protonation stages of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikoletta B. Báthori
- Department of Chemistry
- Cape Peninsula University of Technology
- Cape Town
- South Africa
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Alshaikh RA, Essa EA, El Maghraby GM. Eutexia for enhanced dissolution rate and anti-inflammatory activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Caffeine as a melting point modulator. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:395-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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