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Dos Santos KA, Chaves LL, Nadvorny D, de La Roca Soares MF, Sobrinho JLS. Exploring Co-Amorphous Formulations Of Nevirapine: Insights From Computational, Thermal, And Solubility Analyses. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:214. [PMID: 39266781 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the formation of nevirapine (NVP) co-amorphs systems (CAM) with different co-formers (lamivudine-3TC, citric acid-CAc, and urea) through combined screening techniques as computational and thermal studies, solubility studies; in addition to develop and characterize suitable NVP-CAM. NVP-CAM were obtained using the quench-cooling method, and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and polarized light microscopy (PLM), in addition to in vitro dissolution in pH 6.8. The screening results indicated intermolecular interactions occurring between NVP and 3TC; NVP and CAc, where shifts in the melting temperature of NVP were verified. The presence of CAc impacted the NVP equilibrium solubility, due to hydrogen bonds. DSC thermograms evidenced the reduction and shifting of the endothermic peaks of NVP in the presence of its co-formers, suggesting partial miscibility of the compounds. Amorphization was proven by XRD and PLM assays. In vitro dissolution study exhibited a significant increase in solubility and dissolution efficiency of NVP-CAM compared to free NVP. Combined use of screening studies was useful for the development of stable and amorphous NVP-CAM, with increased NVP solubility, making CAM promising systems for combined antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayque Almeida Dos Santos
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luíse Lopes Chaves
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nadvorny
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - José Lamartine Soares Sobrinho
- Quality Control Core of Medicines and Correlates - NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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2
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Monou PK, Andriotis EG, Saropoulou E, Tzimtzimis E, Tzetzis D, Komis G, Bekiari C, Bouropoulos N, Demiri E, Vizirianakis IS, Fatouros DG. Fabrication of Hybrid Coated Microneedles with Donepezil Utilizing Digital Light Processing and Semisolid Extrusion Printing for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4450-4464. [PMID: 39163171 PMCID: PMC11372831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) patches are gaining increasing attention as a cost-effective technology for delivering drugs directly into the skin. In the present study, two different 3D printing processes were utilized to produce coated MNs, namely, digital light processing (DLP) and semisolid extrusion (SSE). Donepezil (DN), a cholinesterase inhibitor administered for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, was incorporated into the coating material. Physiochemical characterization of the coated MNs confirmed the successful incorporation of donepezil as well as the stability and suitability of the materials for transdermal delivery. Optical microscopy and SEM studies validated the uniform weight distribution and precise dimensions of the MN arrays, while mechanical testing ensured the MNs' robustness, ensuring efficient skin penetration. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the produced transdermal patches, indicating their potential use in clinical treatment. Permeation studies revealed a significant increase in DN permeation compared to plain coating material, affirming the effectiveness of the MNs in enhancing transdermal drug delivery. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) elucidated the distribution of the API, within skin layers, demonstrating sustained drug release and transcellular transport pathways. Finally, cell studies were also conducted on NIH3T3 fibroblasts to evaluate the biocompatibility and safety of the printed objects for transdermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Kyriaki Monou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Eleftherios G Andriotis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Eirini Saropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tzimtzimis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14km Thessaloniki - N. Moudania, Thermi GR, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Georgios Komis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Bekiari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Efterpi Demiri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ag. Pavlos, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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3
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Liu B, Li C, Chen Z, Ou X, Li S, Li A, Chen P, Lu M. Molecular insights into the formation of drug-polymer inclusion complex. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123761. [PMID: 38184024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Drug-polymer inclusion complex (IC) has been viewed as a novel solid form of drugs for property modification. Nonetheless, our understanding of the formation mechanism remains limited. This work aims to provide insight into the molecular processes governing the structural construction of carbamazepine (CBZ) and griseofulvin (GSF) channel-type ICs in the presence of guest polymers. Leveraging microdroplet melt crystallization, we successfully unveiled the single-crystal structures of these ICs, enabling structural analysis, density functional theory calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. The results collectively elucidate the disparity between CBZ and GSF channels in terms of their autonomy in the absence of guest polymers. CBZ molecules can spontaneously assemble into stable channel structures independently, capitalizing on their unique mortise-tenon architecture and robust π…π interactions. Conversely, GSF channels lack sufficient support from weak Cl…O and C-H…π intermolecular interactions and necessitate the insertion of guest molecules to stabilize their structures. We further calculated the eleven structurally determined drug-polymer ICs and found that their channel sizes consistently fall within a narrow range of 3.81-5.18 Å although they adopt diverse approaches to construct channel structures. We anticipate that these findings will inspire continued exploration of this novel solid form, facilitating theoretical predictions and practical applications in pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changrui Li
- Guangzhou Zhixin High School, 152 Zhixin South Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziqiao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Ueda H, Hirakawa Y, Miyano T, Nakayama Y, Hatanaka Y, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Kadota K. Improvement in Inhalation Properties of Theophylline and Levofloxacin by Co-Amorphization and Enhancement in Its Stability by Addition of Amino Acid as a Third Component. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6368-6379. [PMID: 37942959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Co-amorphous systems are amorphous formulations stabilized by the miscible dispersion of small molecules. This study aimed to design a stable co-amorphous system for the co-delivery of two drugs to the lungs as an inhaled formulation. Theophylline (THE) and levofloxacin (LEV) were used as model drugs for treating lung infection with inflammation. Leucine (LEU) or tryptophan (TRP) was employed as the third component to improve the inhalation properties. The co-amorphous system containing THE and LEV in an equal molar ratio was successfully prepared via spray drying where reduction of the particle size and change to the spherical morphology were observed. The addition of LEU or TRP at a one-tenth molar ratio to THE-LEV did not affect the formation of the co-amorphous system, but only TRP acted as an antiplasticizer. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed intermolecular interactions between THE and LEV in the co-amorphous system that were retained after the addition of LEU or TRP. The co-amorphous THE-LEV system exhibited better in vitro aerodynamic performance than a physical mixture of these compounds and permitted the simultaneous delivery of both drugs in various stages. The co-amorphous THE-LEV system crystallized at 40 °C, and this crystallization was not prevented by LEU. However, THE-LEV-TRP maintained its amorphous state for 1 month. Thus, TRP can act as a third component to improve the physical stability of the co-amorphous THE-LEV system, while maintaining the enhanced aerodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuya Hirakawa
- Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuzuki Nakayama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatanaka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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5
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Uchiyama H, Hanamoto Y, Hatanaka Y, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. The Enhanced Skin Permeation of Flavonoids Via the Application of a Coamorphous in a Microemulsion Formulation. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3067-3074. [PMID: 37364773 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving the permeability and solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds is a major difficulty in skin permeation. In this study, we investigated whether using a pharmaceutical technique such as applying coamorphous to a microemulsion enhances the skin permeation of polyphenolic compounds. The melt-quenching technique created the coamorphous system between naringenin (NRG) and hesperetin (HPT), two polyphenolic compounds with poor water solubility. By creating a supersaturated state, the aqueous solution of coamorphous NRG/HPT demonstrated improved NRG and HPT skin permeation. However, as both compounds precipitated, the supersaturation ratio decreased. In contrast to crystal compounds, incorporating coamorphous material into microemulsions enabled the preparation of microemulsions in a wider formulation range. Additionally, compared to microemulsions with crystal compounds and an aqueous suspension of coamorphous, microemulsions with coamorphous NRG/HPT increased skin permeation of both compounds by more than four times. These results suggested that interactions between NRG and HPT are maintained in the microemulsion and enhance both compounds' skin permeation. An approach for improving the skin permeation of poorly water-soluble chemicals would be to apply a coamorphous system to a microemulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuka Hanamoto
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuta Hatanaka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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6
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Han J, Wei Y, Li L, Song Y, Pang Z, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Heng W. Gelation Elimination and Crystallization Inhibition by Co-Amorphous Strategy for Amorphous Curcumin. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:182-194. [PMID: 35901945 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, the development of amorphous curcumin (CUR) aimed to enhance the solubility/dissolution of CUR by disrupting its crystal lattice, but it unexpectedly showed a decreased dissolution than its crystalline counterpart on account of gel formation in its dissolution process. Whether such gelation could be eliminated by co-amorphous strategy was answered in this study. Herein, CUR by co-amorphization with chlorogenic acid (CHA) was successfully prepared using quench cooling. The formed co-amorphous material (namely CUR-CHA CM) eliminated the gelation and hence performed superior dissolution performance than crystalline/amorphous CUR. Meanwhile, it exhibited higher physical stability than amorphous CUR during dissolution as well as under long-term/accelerated conditions. To further study the such enhancement mechanism, the internal molecular interactions were investigated for CUR-CHA CM in the solid state as well as in aqueous solution. FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR spectra confirmed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between CUR and CHA after co-amorphization. Furthermore, the nucleation of CUR was significantly inhibited by CHA in an aqueous solution, thus maintaining the supersaturated dissolution for a long time. The present study offers a feasible strategy to eliminate gelation and enhance stability of amorphous solids by co-amorphization and crystallization inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Luyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yutong Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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7
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Chen X, Li D, Zhang H, Duan Y, Huang Y. Co-amorphous Systems of Sinomenine with Platensimycin or Sulfasalazine: Physical Stability and Excipient-Adjusted Release Behavior. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4370-4381. [PMID: 36251509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is strong interest to develop affordable treatments for the infection-associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we present a drug-drug co-amorphous strategy against RA and the associated bacterial infection by the preparation and characterization of two co-amorphous systems of sinomenine (SIN) with platensimycin (PTM) or sulfasalazine (SULF), two potent antibiotics. Both of them were comprehensively characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The co-amorphous forms of SIN-PTM and SIN-SULF exhibited high Tgs at 139.10 ± 1.0 and 153.3 ± 0.2 °C, respectively. After 6 months of accelerated tests and 1 month of drug-excipient compatibility experiments, two co-amorphous systems displayed satisfactory physical stability. The formation of salt and strong intermolecular interactions between SIN and PTM or SULF, as well as the decreased molecular mobility in co-amorphous systems, may be the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the excellent physical stability of both co-amorphous systems. In dissolution tests, two co-amorphous systems displayed distinct reduced SIN-accumulative releases (below 20% after 6 h of release experiments), which may lead to its poor therapeutic effect. Hence, we demonstrated a controlled release strategy for SIN by the addition of a small percentage of polymers and a small-molecule surfactant to these two co-amorphous samples as convenient drug excipients, which may also be used to improve the unsatisfactory dissolution behaviors of the previously reported SIN co-amorphous systems. Several hydrogen bonding interactions between SIN and PTM or SULF could be identified in NMR experiments in DMSO-d6, which may be underlying reasons of decreased dissolution behaviors of both co-amorphous forms. These drug-drug co-amorphous systems could be a potential strategy for the treatment of infection-associated RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, PR China
| | - Duanxiu Li
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, PR China.,Guangdong Institute of Semiconductor Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology, Foshan528200, PR China
| | - Hailu Zhang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, PR China
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, PR China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha410011, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan410011, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, PR China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan410011, PR China
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Amorphization of Drugs for Transdermal Delivery-a Recent Update. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050983. [PMID: 35631568 PMCID: PMC9143970 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion is a popular formulation approach for orally administered poorly water-soluble drugs, especially for BCS class II. But oral delivery could not be an automatic choice for some drugs with high first-pass metabolism susceptibility. In such cases, transdermal delivery is considered an alternative if the drug is potent and the dose is less than 10 mg. Amorphization of drugs causes supersaturation and enhances the thermodynamic activity of the drugs. Hence, drug transport through the skin could be improved. The stabilization of amorphous system is a persistent challenge that restricts its application. A polymeric system, where amorphous drug is dispersed in a polymeric carrier, helps its stability. However, high excipient load often becomes problematic for the polymeric amorphous system. Coamorphous formulation is another approach, where one drug is mixed with another drug or low molecular weight compound, which stabilizes each other, restricts crystallization, and maintains a single-phase homogenous amorphous system. Prevention of recrystallization along with enhanced skin permeation has been observed by the transdermal coamorphous system. But scalable manufacturing methods, extensive stability study and in-depth in vivo evaluation are lacking. This review has critically studied the mechanistic aspects of amorphization and transdermal permeation by analyzing recent researches in this field to propose a future direction.
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Ma J, Wang Y, Lu R. Mechanism and Application of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Promoting Permeation in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040459. [PMID: 35455456 PMCID: PMC9033127 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and applications of chitosan and its derivatives in transdermal drug delivery to promote drug permeation were reviewed in this paper. Specifically, we summarized the permeation-promoting mechanisms of chitosan and several of its derivatives, including changing the structure of stratum corneum proteins, acting on the tight junction of granular layers, affecting intercellular lipids, and increasing the water content of stratum corneum. These mechanisms are the reason why chitosan and its derivatives can increase the transdermal permeation of drugs. In addition, various transdermal preparations containing chitosan and its derivatives were summarized, and their respective advantages were expounded, including nanoparticles, emulsions, transdermal microneedles, nanocapsules, transdermal patches, transdermal membranes, hydrogels, liposomes, and nano-stents. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for the further and wider application of chitosan in transdermal drug delivery systems. In the future, research results of chitosan and its derivatives in transdermal drug delivery need more support from in vivo experiments, as well as good correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, the excellent permeability-promoting property, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability of chitosan and its derivatives make them ideal materials for local transdermal drug delivery.
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Han AS, Kim J, Park JW, Jin SG. Novel acyclovir-loaded film-forming gel with enhanced mechanical properties and skin permeability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Ueda H, Hirakawa Y, Miyano T, Imono M, Tse JY, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Kadota K. Design of a Stable Coamorphous System Using Lactose as an Antiplasticizing Agent for Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride with a Low Glass Transition Temperature. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1209-1218. [PMID: 35316068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coamorphous systems comprising small molecules are emerging as counterparts to polymeric solid dispersions. However, the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of coamorphous materials are relatively low because of the lack of polymeric carriers with higher Tgs. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of lactose (LAC) as an antiplasticizing coformer to a coamorphous system. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) was selected as a model drug (Tg = 16 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry showed a comelting point in addition to a decrease in the neat melting points depending on the composition of the physical mixtures, suggesting that the mixture of DPH-LAC was eutectic. The melting point of the eutectic mixture was calculated according to the Schröder-van Laar equation. The heat of fusion of the eutectic mixture was maximized at a 70:30 molar ratio of DPH to LAC; at this point, the melting peaks of the pure components disappeared. The heat flow profiles following the melting and cooling of DPH-LAC physical mixtures at the ratios from 10:90 to 90:10 showed a single Tg, suggesting the formation of a coamorphous system. Lactose showed a Tg of over 100 °C, and the Tg of DPH increased with the molar ratio of LAC; it was 84 °C at a 10:90 molar ratio of DPH to LAC. The Raman image indicated the formation of a homogeneous dispersion of DPH and LAC in the coamorphous system. Peak shifts in the infrared spectra indicated the presence of intermolecular interactions between the amino group of DPH and the hydroxyl group of LAC. Principal component analysis of the infrared spectra revealed a significant change at the 70:30 molar ratio of DPH to LAC, which was in agreement with the results of the thermal analysis. A stability test at 40 °C revealed rapid crystallization of the supercooled liquid DPH. The coamorphous samples containing 10-50% of LAC remained in an amorphous state for 21 days, and no crystallization was observed for the samples containing >60% of LAC for 28 days. The relatively lower Tg (less than 40 °C) of the coamorphous system containing 10-50% of LAC might have caused crystallization during storage. These findings indicate that LAC, which is a safe and widely used pharmaceutical excipient, can be applied to coamorphous systems as an antiplasticizing coformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueda
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuya Hirakawa
- Chemical Modality 2, Laboratory for Advanced Medicine Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masaaki Imono
- Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Jun Yee Tse
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Li S, Lu M. Improving chemical stability of resveratrol in hot melt extrusion based on formation of eutectic with nicotinamide. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121042. [PMID: 34450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a technique applied in the preparation of pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). Notably it is important to prevent thermal degradation of heat-sensitive drugs during HME. In this study, we present a new strategy to improve chemical stability of pharmaceutical compounds during HME through the formation of eutectics with small molecules. Resveratrol (RES) was selected as the model compound because it is a heat-liable natural product with a very high melting point of 267 °C. When heated at its melting point for 3 min, it degrades by 40%. RES can co-crystallize with nicotinamide (NIC) in solution, however, it can only form a eutectic with NIC during heating. HPMCAS was selected as the polymer matrix and the drug loading of RES was fixed as 20% (weight ratio). The lowest extrusion temperature that can result to RES-HPMCAS ASD is 215 °C. At this temperature, RES shows 7.36% degradation during extrusion. Replacement of 21.4% HPMCAS with NIC decreased the melting temperature of NIC and thus lowered the minimal extrusion temperature to 155 °C. This effectively prevented thermal degradation of RES without negatively affecting non-sink dissolution. The only extra cost for this method is stricter storage conditions (low temperature and low humidity) due to the low glass transition temperature of NIC. Similar strategy may be applied to other heat-liable drugs in similar ways. This study demonstrates the use of eutectic formation for preventing thermal degradation of drug during extrusion of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Recent Technologies for Amorphization of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081318. [PMID: 34452279 PMCID: PMC8399234 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphization technology has been the subject of continuous attention in the pharmaceutical industry, as a means to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Being in a high energy state, amorphous formulations generally display significantly increased apparent solubility as compared to their crystalline counterparts, which may allow them to generate a supersaturated state in the gastrointestinal tract and in turn, improve the bioavailability. Conventionally, hydrophilic polymers have been used as carriers, in which the amorphous drugs were dispersed and stabilized to form polymeric amorphous solid dispersions. However, the technique had its limitations, some of which include the need for a large number of carriers, the tendency to recrystallize during storage, and the possibility of thermal decomposition of the drug during preparation. Therefore, emerging amorphization technologies have focused on the investigation of novel amorphous-stabilizing carriers and preparation methods that can improve the drug loading and the degree of amorphization. This review highlights the recent pharmaceutical approaches utilizing drug amorphization, such as co-amorphous systems, mesoporous particle-based techniques, and in situ amorphization. Recent updates on these technologies in the last five years are discussed with a focus on their characteristics and commercial potential.
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14
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Li W, Song J, Li J, Li M, Tian B, He Z, Liu X, Fu Q. Co-amorphization of atorvastatin by lisinopril as a co-former for solubility improvement. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120971. [PMID: 34363915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The co-amorphous (CAM) technology has attracted extensive attention in recent years because it can improve the solubility and provide a formulation strategy for fixed dose combination for poorly water-soluble drugs. Atorvastatin (ATR) is a poorly water-soluble drug and it has strong anti-hyperlipidemia activity, and it is usually used in combination with lisinopril (LNP), an anti-hypertension drug. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility to develop ATR/LNP co-amorphous formulation using a cryo-milling method. The solid-state behaviors of the CAM systems were characterized by polarizing light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. The molecular interaction between ATR and LNP was confirmed by the analysis of glass transition temperature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compared with crystalline ATR and neat amorphous ATR, the CAM systems showed significantly increased in vitro dissolution and intrinsic dissolution rate of ATR, because LNP enhanced the supersaturation maintenance of ATR and inhibited its solution-mediated recrystallization to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mo Li
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holdings Group Ltd., No. 13 Guangyuan West Street, Zhangjiawan Town Government, Tongzhou District, Beijing 100013, China.
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15
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Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations in Numbers: Recent Advances in Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations with Focus on Co-Formability, Molar Ratio, Preparation Methods, Physical Stability, In Vitro and In Vivo Performance, and New Formulation Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030389. [PMID: 33804159 PMCID: PMC7999207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-amorphous drug delivery systems (CAMS) are characterized by the combination of two or more (initially crystalline) low molecular weight components that form a homogeneous single-phase amorphous system. Over the past decades, CAMS have been widely investigated as a promising approach to address the challenge of low water solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. Most of the studies on CAMS were performed on a case-by-case basis, and only a few systematic studies are available. A quantitative analysis of the literature on CAMS under certain aspects highlights not only which aspects have been of great interest, but also which future developments are necessary to expand this research field. This review provides a comprehensive updated overview on the current published work on CAMS using a quantitative approach, focusing on three critical quality attributes of CAMS, i.e., co-formability, physical stability, and dissolution performance. Specifically, co-formability, molar ratio of drug and co-former, preparation methods, physical stability, and in vitro and in vivo performance were covered. For each aspect, a quantitative assessment on the current status was performed, allowing both recent advances and remaining research gaps to be identified. Furthermore, novel research aspects such as the design of ternary CAMS are discussed.
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16
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Co-amorphous formation of piroxicam-citric acid to generate supersaturation and improve skin permeation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 158:105667. [PMID: 33296711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare a co-amorphous formulation of piroxicam (PIR), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and citric acid (CA), and evaluate its skin permeation ability. A spray-drying method was employed to prepare the co-amorphous formulation and its physical properties were characterized. X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis confirmed a homogeneous amorphous state, and the infrared spectra revealed intermolecular interactions between PIR and CA, suggesting formation of a co-amorphous formulation of PIR and CA. The PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation exhibited no crystallization for 60 days at 4/25/40°C with silica gel. The PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation increased the solubility of PIR in polyethylene glycol 400 compared with that of the pure drug, and physical mixture (PM) of PIR and CA, confirming a supersaturated state in the formulation. The PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation demonstrated higher skin permeation than PIR alone or PM of PIR and CA, and the flux value was consistent with the degree of saturation. Thus, the increase in the skin permeation of PIR from the PIR-CA co-amorphous formulation directly depended on the increased thermodynamic activity by supersaturation in the absence of interactions between the drug and co-former in the vehicle.
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Apolinário AC, Hauschke L, Nunes JR, Lopes LB. Towards nanoformulations for skin delivery of poorly soluble API: What does indeed matter? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Han J, Wei Y, Lu Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Gao Y, Qian S. Co-amorphous systems for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs: recent advances and an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1411-1435. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1796631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Ita K, Ashong S. Percutaneous Delivery of Antihypertensive Agents: Advances and Challenges. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:56. [PMID: 31909450 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains a significant risk factor for several cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease and heart failure. Despite the large armamentarium of drugs available for the management of high blood pressure, low oral availability is an ongoing challenge. Researchers are constantly developing alternative drug delivery systems. This review focuses on the transcutaneous delivery of antihypertensive agents. The use of diverse technologies for the delivery of specific antihypertensive agents is emphasized. The advances made and the challenges encountered are highlighted. Several transdermal drug delivery strategies are employed for the transport of this group of therapeutic agents across the skin and the most widely used techniques include microneedles, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, and chemical penetration enhancers. Each of these methods has benefits and limitations, and there are ongoing attempts by scientists to address the shortcomings. For instance, skin irritation continues to be a major challenge with iontophoretic transport while the quantity of a medication that can be incorporated into dissolving microneedles is limited. With skin permeation enhancers, concerns relating to cytotoxicity and irritation are common. Even though the use of ultrasound is exciting, this mode of delivery is also accompanied by challenges such as the design of a battery system that is potent enough to drive a low-frequency sonophoretic cymbal array, while still being portable enough to function as a wearable device. Although most researchers report enhanced drug delivery with the aforementioned methods, it is important to deliver therapeutically useful doses of these medications.
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