1
|
Qin X, Wei Q, An R, Yang Y, Cai M, Han X, Mao H, Gao X. Regulation of bone and fat balance by Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in ovariectomized mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:391-403. [PMID: 36740874 PMCID: PMC9904306 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL), a commonly used herb of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae). The ethanol extract of FLL is a potential candidate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) by nourishing the liver and kidneys. OBJECTIVE This study determines whether an ethanol extract of FLL has anti-osteoporotic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and explores the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OVX model of eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice was taken, and ovariectomy was used as PMOP. Mice were divided into five groups: sham-operated group (n = 10), OVX group (n = 10), OVX + E2 group (n = 10; 0.039 mg/kg), OVX + FLL group (n = 10; 2 g/kg) and OVX + FLL group (n = 10; 4 g/kg). Mice were treated by gavage with FLL or CMCNa once daily for 8 weeks. We harvested uteri, femur, and tibias from mice; bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure were obtained by X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. Furthermore, the effect of FLL on the balance of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation was investigated using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). RESULTS The results indicated that FLL did not affect OVX-induced estradiol reduction. Compared with OVX mice, FLL significantly increased BMD (63.54 vs. 61.96), Conn. D (86.46 vs. 57.00), and left tibial strength (13.91 vs. 11.27), decreased Tb. Sp (0.38 vs. 0.44) and body fat content (4.19% vs. 11.24%). FLL decreased osteoclast activity and enhanced RUNX2 expression; inhibited perilipin peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression and adipocyte differentiation from BMMSCs. CONCLUSIONS FLL prevented additional bone loss and improved bone microstructure in OVX mice by modulating bone and fat balance, suggesting that FLL might be a therapeutic agent for PMOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran An
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Han
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hyaluronidase-powered microneedles for significantly enhanced transdermal delivery efficiency. J Control Release 2023; 353:380-390. [PMID: 36464062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) with enhanced delivery efficiency have revolutionized the transdermal drug delivery system for treating systemic illness. However, the bioavailability of MNs was still far from the clinical requirements by only overcoming the stratum corneum barrier. Herein, hyaluronidase (HAase)-powered MNs were developed as a top-down permeation-enhancement strategy to hijack the sequential transdermal barriers for improved bioavailability. HAase MNs with robust mechanical strength showed excellent skin penetration ability and significantly enhanced the transdermal delivery efficacy of macromolecular drugs as compared to that of HAase-absent MNs, resulting in considerable effect to subcutaneous injection in terms of biodistribution, bioavailability, and therapeutical efficacy. As evidenced from the distribution of trypan blue and fluorescence underlying skin, the positive effects exerted by HAase MNs could be ascribed to the depolymerization of HA that would loosen the subcutaneous space and destruct the extracellular matrix barrier to promote drug diffusion and permeation in larger area and greater depth. Notably, the transient interconversion of keratin from α-helix to β-sheet that might assist the drug residues on the skin surface permeate across the stratum corneum during administration might be another reason not to be ignored. As a labor-saving strategy, HAase-powered MNs offers a promising and painless administration route for macromolecules.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu XH, Cao RR, Yang YQ, Zhang L, Lei SF, Deng FY. Systematic evaluation for the causal effects of blood metabolites on osteoporosis: Genetic risk score and Mendelian randomization. Front Public Health 2022; 10:905178. [PMID: 36091497 PMCID: PMC9452842 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.905178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoporosis is associated with metabolic alterations, but the causal roles of serum metabolites on osteoporosis have not been identified. Methods Based on the large individual-level datasets from UK Biobank as well as GWAS summary datasets, we first constructed genetic risk scores (GRSs) for 308 of 486 human serum metabolites and evaluated the effect of each GRS on 2 major osteoporosis phenotypes, i.e., estimated bone miner density (eBMD) and fracture, respectively. Then, two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) was performed to validate the casual metabolites on osteoporosis. Multivariable MR analysis tested whether the effects of metabolites on osteoporosis are independent of possible confounders. Finally, we conducted metabolic pathway analysis for the metabolites involved in bone metabolism. Results We identified causal effects of 18 metabolites on eBMD and 1 metabolite on fracture with the GRS method after adjusting for multiple tests. Then, 9 of them were further validated with MR as replication, where comprehensive sensitive analyses proved robust of the causal associations. Although not identified in GRS, 3 metabolites were associated with at least three osteoporosis traits in MR results. Multivariable MR analysis determined the independent causal effect of several metabolites on osteoporosis. Besides, 23 bone metabolic pathways were detected, such as valine, leucine, isoleucine biosynthesis (p = 0.053), and Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (p = 0.076), and D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism (p = 0.004). Conclusions The systematic causal analyses strongly suggested that blood metabolites have causal effects on osteoporosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hao Yu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Cao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qun Yang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu P, Liu Y, Xie J, Li J. Spatiotemporally controlled calcitonin delivery: Long-term and targeted therapy of skeletal diseases. J Control Release 2021; 338:486-504. [PMID: 34481022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a connective tissue that support the entire body and protect the internal organs. However, there are great challenges on curing intractable skeletal diseases such as hypercalcemia, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. To address these issues, calcitonin (CT) therapy is an effective treatment alternative to regulate calcium metabolism and suppress inflammation response, which are closely related to skeletal diseases. Traditional calcitonin formulation requires frequent administration due to the low bioavailability resulting from the short half-life and abundant calcitonin receptors distributed through the whole body. Therefore, long-term and targeted calcitonin delivery systems (LCDS and TCDS) have been widely explored as the popular strategies to overcome the intrinsic limitations of calcitonin and improve the functions of calcium management and inflammation inhibition in recent years. In this review, we first explain the physiological effects of calcitonin on bone remodeling: (i) inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and (ii) facilitated effects on osteoblasts. Then we summarized four strategies for spatiotemporally controlled delivery of calcitonin: micro-/nanomedicine (e.g. inorganic micro-/nanomedicine, polymeric micro-/nanomedicine and supramolecular assemblies), hydrogels (especially thermosensitive hydrogels), prodrug (PEGylation and targeting design) and hybrid biomaterials. Subsequently, we discussed the application of LCDS and TCDS in treating hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Understanding and analyzing these advanced calcitonin delivery applications are essential for future development of calcitonin therapies toward skeletal diseases with superior efficacy in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Liu
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|