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Nassar JY, Al Qurashi AA, Albalawi IA, Nukaly HY, Halawani IR, Abumelha AF, Osama Al Dwehji AM, Alhartani MM, Asaad A, Alnajashi A, Khojah IM. Pediatric Burns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Epidemiology, Gender Distribution, Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes in Emergency Departments. Cureus 2023; 15:e49012. [PMID: 38111412 PMCID: PMC10726077 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric burns pose a significant public health concern, ranking as the fifth most common nonfatal injury globally. This review consolidates data on the epidemiology, outcomes, and management of pediatric burns presenting to emergency departments. A systematic review was conducted across multiple databases, yielding 22 articles from 1992 to 2020. Utilizing the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) instrument, non-comparative studies scored from 2 to 11 with an average of 6.87, while comparative studies ranged from 12 to 16, averaging 13.67. The review included a total of 828,538 pediatric patients who were evaluated in the systematic review. Predominantly male victims ranged from 53% to 83%. The youngest victims were aged between 0 to 4 years. Burn etiology was largely attributed to scalds. A majority suffered from second-degree burns, with some studies reporting up to 89%. Limited data on total body surface area (TBSA) were documented, with only 2.5% requiring hospitalization. Common interventions included immediate resuscitation and skin grafting. Essential areas for future research are identified, including household risks, pre-treatment decisions, and the significant role of family dynamics in burn injury recovery. Pediatric burns remain a considerable concern, particularly among males and in household environments. The data underline the imperative for prevention strategies and optimized emergency care to positively influence outcomes for burn victims. Future research areas range from evaluating pre-treatment decisions to assessing community awareness regarding burn first aid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alanoud Asaad
- Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Arwa Alnajashi
- Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Imad M Khojah
- Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Brás Cruz R, David F, Rocha DL, Pereira A, Gomes E. Self-Poisoning With Household Bleach in an Elderly Man. Cureus 2023; 15:e34957. [PMID: 36938176 PMCID: PMC10018575 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Caustic self-poisoning is a major health hazard, which affects any age, but is particularly serious among the elderly. Household bleach is a caustic that contains 3% to 6% sodium hypochlorite solution, one of the most common agents in unintentional caustic poisoning. In this clinical case, we present a household bleach self-poisoning by an older man with no relevant medical history. He presented with extensive burns on the oral cavity mucosa and tongue, requiring orotracheal intubation by video laryngoscopy. He was then admitted to the intensive care unit, where he evolved poorly. Given the poor prognosis and the lack of physiological reserve for the invasiveness required for a surgical approach, a conservative strategy was chosen after a multidisciplinary team discussion. With the conservative strategy, the patient survived, being discharged to the general ward after one month, where he underwent a Stamm gastrostomy and placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. In the follow-up consultation three months later, the patient was found to be weakened, with high frailty status, presenting anxiety, depression, and causing high family burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Brás Cruz
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, PRT
| | - Filipa David
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, PRT
| | - Diana L Rocha
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, PRT
| | - Adelina Pereira
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, PRT
| | - Ernestina Gomes
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos Local Health Unit, Matosinhos, PRT
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Wang Z, Cao H, Xiong J, Lu Y, Deng Y, Nan H, Zheng S, Ye H, Cao Z. Recent advances in the aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:57-66. [PMID: 33574180 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common disease of oral mucosa, which almost attacks each individual once in their lifespan. Although plenty of factors have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of RAS, the aetiology of RAS is still controversial, which might lead to limited clinical therapies in accordance with each RAS patient. This review mainly illustrates recent advances in potential causes associated with RAS in detail. Deeper comprehension of the aetiology of RAS will support doctors and researchers to make a better management of RAS patients and to discover new treatments. The aetiology of RAS is complicated, hence we should take a comprehensive view into its aetiology, with multiple potential factors being considered. Sample collection of RAS patients have greatly limited the progress in the aetiology of RAS. A research model of multiagency cooperation can help achieve perfect sample collection of year-round and multiposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haibo Cao
- Clinical Medicine School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Jianqi Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilong Lu
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixiao Deng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Nan
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shutian Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Cao
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Schie KE, Spies E, Hyams LB, Singh S, Bell NC, Vallabhjee AL, Hazle M, Chatzkelowitz K, Maposa I. Paediatric dysphagia within the context of South Africa's quadruple burden of disease, seen at a tertiary level hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 22:466-474. [PMID: 31672066 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2019.1669710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To inform service provision, this study explored feeding and swallowing difficulties in children within the context of South Africa's quadruple burden of disease (BOD) (i.e. conditions characterised as communicable, non-communicable, maternal and/or perinatal and trauma).Method: A retrospective chart review of 1432 paediatric inpatients (under 12 years of age) who met the inclusion criteria of presenting with dysphagia and being referred for speech-language pathology services was conducted.Result: Participants with diagnoses within the maternal and/or perinatal BOD category were noted most frequently (61.2%), followed by non-communicable (59.7%), communicable (43.4%) and trauma (4.2%). The majority of participants were under 1 year of age (82.2%) and 56.2% presented with comorbidities in multiple BOD categories. Mortality was 5.9%, with a higher rate (67.7%) in more complex cases. Mortality was associated with non-communicable BOD (p = 0.001), and maternal and/or perinatal BOD (p = 0.003). Pharyngeal phase swallowing difficulties were a significant risk for mortality (OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.01-8.65, p = 0.047).Conclusion: The majority of children with dysphagia presented with multiple comorbidities and were at high risk for mortality. Education and service delivery models should be designed to improve health outcomes and reduce mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Schie
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Elizca Spies
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Leanne B Hyams
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Shajila Singh
- Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nicoll C Bell
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Annika L Vallabhjee
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Melissa Hazle
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chatzkelowitz
- Speech Therapy & Audiology Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Innocent Maposa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Hoffman
- From the Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (R.S.H.); the Division of Emergency Medicine, Program in Medical Toxicology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.M.B.); and Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) Montérégie-Centre Emergency Department, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, QC, the Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, and Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec, QC - all in Canada (S.G.)
| | - Michele M Burns
- From the Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (R.S.H.); the Division of Emergency Medicine, Program in Medical Toxicology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.M.B.); and Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) Montérégie-Centre Emergency Department, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, QC, the Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, and Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec, QC - all in Canada (S.G.)
| | - Sophie Gosselin
- From the Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York (R.S.H.); the Division of Emergency Medicine, Program in Medical Toxicology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.M.B.); and Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) Montérégie-Centre Emergency Department, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, QC, the Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, and Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec, QC - all in Canada (S.G.)
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Hagiwara Y, Seki K, Takahashi Y. Oral chemical burn due to accidental ingestion of calcium oxide food desiccant in a patient with dementia. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520920065. [PMID: 32338100 PMCID: PMC7223204 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520920065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral chemical burns occur when a chemical accidentally enters the mouth, causing burns and ulcers in the oral mucosa, esophagus, stomach, and upper digestive tract if swallowed. Oral chemical burns primarily occur in children because of accidental ingestion. However, a few reports have described advanced-age patients with dementia who developed oral chemical burns. Patients with dementia often exhibit impaired judgment and irregular eating behaviors, at times leading them to ingest nonfood substances. We herein describe a case of an advanced-age patient with dementia who ingested a calcium oxide food desiccant at home and developed chemical burns that were exacerbated by an improperly placed implant-supported complete fixed prosthesis. This case report emphasizes the need for families and nurses who care for patients with dementia to renew their understanding of the danger of accidental ingestion of nonfood substances. Knowledge of the appropriate response to calcium oxide food desiccant ingestion is also important to prevent the occurrence of severe chemical burns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Seki
- Implant Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuwa Takahashi
- Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Fitzpatrick SG, Cohen DM, Clark AN. Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 13:91-102. [PMID: 30701449 PMCID: PMC6405793 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerated lesions of the oral cavity have many underlying etiologic factors, most commonly infection, immune related, traumatic, or neoplastic. A detailed patient history is critical in assessing ulcerative oral lesions and should include a complete medical and medication history; whether an inciting or triggering trauma, condition, or medication can be identified; the length of time the lesion has been present; the frequency of episodes in recurrent cases; the presence or absence of pain; and the growth of the lesion over time. For multiple or recurrent lesions the presence or history of ulcers on the skin, genital areas, or eyes should be evaluated along with any accompanying systemic symptoms such as fever, arthritis, or other signs of underlying systemic disease. Biopsy may be indicated in many ulcerative lesions of the oral cavity although some are more suitable for clinical diagnosis. Neoplastic ulcerated lesions are notorious in the oral cavity for their ability to mimic benign ulcerative lesions, highlighting the essential nature of biopsy to establish a diagnosis in cases that are not clinically identifiable or do not respond as expected to treatment. Adjunctive tests may be required for final diagnosis of some ulcerated lesions especially autoimmune lesions. Laboratory tests or evaluation to rule out systemic disease may be also required for recurrent or severe ulcerations especially when accompanied by other symptoms. This discussion will describe the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a variety of ulcerated lesions found in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Fitzpatrick
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Donald M Cohen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ashley N Clark
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas at Houston Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Although the overall incidence of and mortality rate associated with burn injury have decreased in recent decades, burns remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality in children. Children with major burns require emergent resuscitation. Resuscitation is similar to that for adults, including pain control, airway management, and administration of intravenous fluid. However, in pediatrics, fluid resuscitation is needed for burns greater than or equal to 15% of total body surface area (TBSA) compared with burns greater than or equal to 20% TBSA for adults. Unique to pediatrics is the additional assessment for non-accidental injury and accurate calculation of the percentage of total burned surface area (TBSA) in children with changing body proportions are crucial to determine resuscitation parameters, prognosis, and disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Strobel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, 701 South Park Avenue R2.123, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
| | - Ryan Fey
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, 701 South Park Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
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Lehna C, Furmanek S, Fahey E, Hanchette C. Geographic modeling for children at risk for home fires and burns. Burns 2018; 44:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kang S, Kufta K, Sollecito TP, Panchal N. A treatment algorithm for the management of intraoral burns: A narrative review. Burns 2017; 44:1065-1076. [PMID: 29032979 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa follows a distinctly different trajectory of wound healing than skin. Although there are contemporary guidelines regarding treatment of burns to the skin, there is no standard of care specific to intraoral burns. This narrative review proposes an evidence-based treatment algorithm for the management of intraoral burns. Data was collated through a comprehensive review of the literature and only included studies that have reported particular success with favorable short- and long-term prognoses. In order to critically appraise the strength of the treatment recommendations, the GRADE criteria was applied to each arm of the algorithm. The algorithm was initially subdivided into the four primary etiologies of intraoral burns - thermogenic, cryogenic, chemical, electrical. Our findings emphasize the importance of conservative modalities of intra-oral burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Robert Schattner Center, Oral Surgery Clinic, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Kenneth Kufta
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Robert Schattner Center, Oral Surgery Clinic, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, South Pavilion, 4th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Thomas P Sollecito
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Robert Schattner Center, Oral Surgery Clinic, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, South Pavilion, 4th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Neeraj Panchal
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Robert Schattner Center, Oral Surgery Clinic, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; University of Pennsylvania Health System, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, South Pavilion, 4th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Presbyterian Medical Center, 565 Wright Saunders, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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Abstract
Children inevitably swallow foreign material accidentally or intentionally. Each type of ingestion carries their own set of risks and complications, short and long term, some requiring immediate attention while others close monitoring. Alkalotic household cleaning products and lithium button batteries are increasingly common and damage the esophagus quickly. While many toys with rare-earth metals are banned, they are already present in many households and can cause necrosis of bowel that is between the magnets. This article reviews the incidence and assessment along with current literature to provide guidelines for management of pediatric patients with suspected caustic or foreign body ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Kurowski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Dept A111, Cleveland, OH 44195-0001, USA.
| | - Marsha Kay
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Dept A111, Cleveland, OH 44195-0001, USA
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Oral Chemical Burns Reported to the Poisons Information Centre in Erfurt, Germany, from 1997 to 2014. J Burn Care Res 2017; 38:e913-e922. [PMID: 28319530 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Devastating oral burns often followed by lifelong complications can result from ingestion of caustic substances. However, although being one of the most challenging situations in clinical practice, literature data on the epidemiology of oral burns are still scarce. Retrospective analysis of all cases of oral burns after ingestion of corrosive substances reported to the Poisons Information Centre in Erfurt, Germany, from 1997 to 2014 was performed. In total, 482 calls because of oral burns were registered, with no change in the numbers of cases during the years. In the majority of the instances (47%), toddlers were affected, followed by middle-aged adults (33%). In both age groups, the male sex prevailed. Ingestion of corrosive substances with babies, schoolchildren, adolescents, and elderly were much less frequent. In most cases (78%), the injury occurred accidentally and only in 5% of the instances in suicidal intent; 85% of the suicidal attempts were committed by middle-aged adults and 15% by elderly. Main agents involved in oral burns were cleansing agents (37%), remedies (12%), disinfectants (7%), acids or bases (6%), technical fluids (6%), cosmetics (5%), and foods (5%). Mostly, the calls came from emergency department doctors (58%), in 19% laymen were calling from home, and in 18% the calls came from a doctor's office. Most of the injuries occurred accidentally, in the domestic setting and in toddlers, and would have been preventable. Thus, a more comprehensive education of the population, especially of parents, regarding the dangers arising from household chemicals is still needed.
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Bird J, Kumar S, Paul C, Ramsden J. Controversies in the management of caustic ingestion injury: an evidence-based review. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:701-708. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Bird
- ENT Department; John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - S. Kumar
- ENT Department; John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - C. Paul
- ENT Department; John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - J.D. Ramsden
- ENT Department; John Radcliffe Hospital; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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Malamos D, Scully C. Sore or Swollen Lips Part 2: Systemic Causes. DENTAL UPDATE 2016; 43:971-980. [PMID: 29155539 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2016.43.10.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips. Clinical relevance: Sore and/or swollen lips are not uncommon, often have a local cause, but may reflect a systemic disease. The previous article reviewed important causes, from actinic to contact cheilitis, while this paper starts with drug-induced cheilitis and completes that alphabetical list.
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Umstattd LA, Chang CWD. Pediatric Oral Electrical Burns. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:94-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816640477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the epidemiology of emergency department visits for pediatric patients presenting with electrical burns to the mouth. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a national database. Setting National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database. Subjects and Methods The Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to derive a national weighted estimate of emergency department visits for oral electrical burns and was queried for each patient’s age, sex, race, local of incidence, disposition, and related consumer product. Results There were an estimated 1042 emergency department visits for pediatric oral electrical burns from 1997 to 2012, or an average of approximately 65.1 cases per year. A total of 59.6% of patients were male. Nearly half of emergency department visits involved patients <3 years of age, and more than three-fourths of emergency department visits involved patients <5 years of age. A total of 77.2% of patients were examined, treated, and released from the emergency department, while 19.2% were admitted to the hospital. Most injuries involved electrical outlets or receptacles (10.8%), extension cords (18.5%), and electrical wires (21.5%). Conclusion Earlier incidence estimates of pediatric oral electrical burns varied substantially within the literature and varied from small case reports to single-year studies. Our multiyear data analysis provides evidence of decreasing annual incidence when compared with historical estimates for a common but potentially morbid injury among the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Umstattd
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - C. W. David Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Varoni E, Decani S, Franchini R, Baruzzi E, Lodi G. Macchie bianche o leucoplachia? Quando preoccuparsi? DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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