1
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Chen X, Li S. Negative bias in early and late cognitive processing of coronary heart disease patients with depressive symptoms: an EPR study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:576. [PMID: 37559000 PMCID: PMC10410877 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this research was to explore the underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairments in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who exhibit depressive symptoms. This was accomplished by recording Event-related potentials (ERPs) during the emotional Stroop task, with a specific focus on the temporal dynamics of attentional bias towards various emotional words. METHODS We selected 17 CHD patients with depressive symptoms and 23 CHD patients without depression using a convenience sampling method from the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University. Each participant completed an emotional Stroop color-word task, and ERPs were recorded during the task to examine cognitive processing. RESULTS CHD patients with depressive symptoms exhibited generally smaller amplitudes of N1, N2, P3 and longer latency of P3 compared to CHD patients without depression. Specifically, the N1 amplitude of negative words was smaller and the P3 amplitude of negative words was larger in the CHD with depressive group compared to the CHD group. Furthermore, within the group of CHD patients with depressive symptoms, negative words elicited a smaller N1 amplitude and larger P3 amplitude compared to positive and neutral words. CONCLUSIONS CHD patients with depressive symptoms demonstrate decreased attentional resources, leading to cognitive impairments. Notably, significant attentional bias occurs during both early and later stages of cognitive processing. This bias is primarily characterized by an enhanced automatic processing of negative information at the early stage and difficulty disengaging from such information at the later stage. These findings contribute to the existing literature on the cognitive neural mechanisms underlying depression in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Chen
- School of Teacher Education, Weifang University, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Economics and Management, Shandong Vocational College of Information Technology, Weifang City, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Smith EE, Bel-Bahar TS, Kayser J. A systematic data-driven approach to analyze sensor-level EEG connectivity: Identifying robust phase-synchronized network components using surface Laplacian with spectral-spatial PCA. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14080. [PMID: 35478408 PMCID: PMC9427703 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although conventional averaging across predefined frequency bands reduces the complexity of EEG functional connectivity (FC), it obscures the identification of resting-state brain networks (RSN) and impedes accurate estimation of FC reliability. Extending prior work, we combined scalp current source density (CSD; spherical spline surface Laplacian) and spectral-spatial PCA to identify FC components. Phase-based FC was estimated via debiased-weighted phase-locking index from CSD-transformed resting EEGs (71 sensors, 8 min, eyes open/closed, 35 healthy adults, 1-week retest). Spectral PCA extracted six robust alpha and theta components (86.6% variance). Subsequent spatial PCA for each spectral component revealed seven robust regionally focused (posterior, central, and frontal) and long-range (posterior-anterior) alpha components (peaks at 8, 10, and 13 Hz) and a midfrontal theta (6 Hz) component, accounting for 37.0% of FC variance. These spatial FC components were consistent with well-known networks (e.g., default mode, visual, and sensorimotor), and four were sensitive to eyes open/closed conditions. Most FC components had good-to-excellent internal consistency (odd/even epochs, eyes open/closed) and test-retest reliability (ICCs ≥ .8). Moreover, the FC component structure was generally present in subsamples (session × odd/even epoch, or smaller subgroups [n = 7-10]), as indicated by high similarity of component loadings across PCA solutions. Apart from systematically reducing FC dimensionality, our approach avoids arbitrary thresholds and allows quantification of meaningful and reliable network components that may prove to be of high relevance for basic and clinical research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra E. Smith
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tarik S. Bel-Bahar
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Conley AC, Key AP, Taylor WD, Albert KM, Boyd BD, Vega JN, Newhouse PA. EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721874. [PMID: 35002791 PMCID: PMC8732868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with poor response to antidepressant medications and deficits in cognitive performance. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation has emerged as a potentially effective candidate to improve cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. Previous studies of nicotinic stimulation in animal models and human populations with cognitive impairment led to examining potential cognitive and mood effects of nicotinic stimulation in older adults with LLD. We report results from a pilot study of transdermal nicotine in LLD testing whether nicotine treatment would enhance cognitive performance and mood. The study used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as a tool to test for potential mechanisms underlying the effect of nicotine. Eight non-smoking participants with LLD completed EEG recordings at baseline and after 12 weeks of transdermal nicotine treatment (NCT02816138). Nicotine augmentation treatment was associated with improved performance on an auditory oddball task. Analysis of event-related oscillations showed that nicotine treatment was associated with reduced beta desynchronization at week 12 for both standard and target trials. The change in beta power on standard trials was also correlated with improvement in mood symptoms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the impact of nicotine in modulating cortical activity and improving mood in depressed older adults and shows the utility of using EEG as a marker of functional engagement in nicotinic interventions in clinical geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M Albert
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer N Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
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4
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Silva DMR, Rothe-Neves R, Melges DB. Long-latency event-related responses to vowels: N1-P2 decomposition by two-step principal component analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 148:93-102. [PMID: 31863852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The N1-P2 complex of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) has been used to examine neural activity associated with speech sound perception. Since it is thought to reflect multiple generator processes, its functional significance is difficult to infer. In the present study, a temporospatial principal component analysis (PCA) was used to decompose the N1-P2 response into latent factors underlying covariance patterns in ERP data recorded during passive listening to pairs of successive vowels. In each trial, one of six sounds drawn from an /i/-/e/ vowel continuum was followed either by an identical sound, a different token of the same vowel category, or a token from the other category. Responses were examined as to how they were modulated by within- and across-category vowel differences and by adaptation (repetition suppression) effects. Five PCA factors were identified as corresponding to three well-known N1 subcomponents and two P2 subcomponents. Results added evidence that the N1 peak reflects both generators that are sensitive to spectral information and generators that are not. For later latency ranges, different patterns of sensitivity to vowel quality were found, including category-related effects. Particularly, a subcomponent identified as the Tb wave showed release from adaptation in response to an /i/ followed by an /e/ sound. A P2 subcomponent varied linearly with spectral shape along the vowel continuum, while the other was stronger the closer the vowel was to the category boundary, suggesting separate processing of continuous and category-related information. Thus, the PCA-based decomposition of the N1-P2 complex was functionally meaningful, revealing distinct underlying processes at work during speech sound perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M R Silva
- Phonetics Lab, Faculty of Letters, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rui Rothe-Neves
- Phonetics Lab, Faculty of Letters, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Danilo B Melges
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais
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5
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Keller AS, Leikauf JE, Holt-Gosselin B, Staveland BR, Williams LM. Paying attention to attention in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:279. [PMID: 31699968 PMCID: PMC6838308 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is the gate through which sensory information enters our conscious experiences. Oftentimes, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) complain of concentration difficulties that negatively impact their day-to-day function, and these attention problems are not alleviated by current first-line treatments. In spite of attention's influence on many aspects of cognitive and emotional functioning, and the inclusion of concentration difficulties in the diagnostic criteria for MDD, the focus of depression as a disease is typically on mood features, with attentional features considered less of an imperative for investigation. Here, we summarize the breadth and depth of findings from the cognitive neurosciences regarding the neural mechanisms supporting goal-directed attention in order to better understand how these might go awry in depression. First, we characterize behavioral impairments in selective, sustained, and divided attention in depressed individuals. We then discuss interactions between goal-directed attention and other aspects of cognition (cognitive control, perception, and decision-making) and emotional functioning (negative biases, internally-focused attention, and interactions of mood and attention). We then review evidence for neurobiological mechanisms supporting attention, including the organization of large-scale neural networks and electrophysiological synchrony. Finally, we discuss the failure of current first-line treatments to alleviate attention impairments in MDD and review evidence for more targeted pharmacological, brain stimulation, and behavioral interventions. By synthesizing findings across disciplines and delineating avenues for future research, we aim to provide a clearer outline of how attention impairments may arise in the context of MDD and how, mechanistically, they may negatively impact daily functioning across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle S Keller
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John E Leikauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bailey Holt-Gosselin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brooke R Staveland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Núñez Castellar EP, Antons J, Marinazzo D, Van Looy J. Mapping attention during gameplay: Assessment of behavioral and ERP markers in an auditory oddball task. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13347. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Patricia Núñez Castellar
- Department of Communication Sciences MICT‐Ghent University‐imec Ghent Belgium
- Department of Data Analysis Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jan‐Niklas Antons
- Quality and Usability Lab at Telekom Innovation Laboratories TU Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Jan Van Looy
- Department of Communication Sciences MICT‐Ghent University‐imec Ghent Belgium
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7
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Aliakbaryhosseinabadi S, Kamavuako EN, Jiang N, Farina D, Mrachacz-Kersting N. Classification of Movement Preparation Between Attended and Distracted Self-Paced Motor Tasks. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:3060-3071. [PMID: 30794165 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems aim to control external devices by using brain signals. The performance of these systems is influenced by the user's mental state, such as attention. In this study, we classified two attention states to a target task (attended and distracted task level) while attention to the task is altered by one of three types of distractors. METHODS A total of 27 participants were allocated into three experimental groups and exposed to one type of distractor. An attended condition that was the same across the three groups comprised only the main task execution (self-paced dorsiflexion) while the distracted condition was concurrent execution of the main task and an oddball task (dual-task condition). Electroencephalography signals were recorded from 28 electrodes to classify the two attention states of attended or distracted task conditions by extracting temporal and spectral features. RESULTS The results showed that the ensemble classification accuracy using the combination of temporal and spectral features (spectro-temporal features, 82.3 ± 2.7%) was greater than using temporal (69 ± 2.2%) and spectral (80.3 ± 2.6%) features separately. The classification accuracy was computed using a combination of different channel locations, and it was demonstrated that a combination of parietal and centrally located channels was superior for classification of two attention states during movement preparation (parietal channels: 84.6 ± 1.3%, central and parietal channels: 87.2 ± 1.5%). CONCLUSION It is possible to monitor the users' attention to the task for different types of distractors. SIGNIFICANCE It has implications for online BCI systems where the requirement is for high accuracy of intention detection.
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8
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Craig Emery Tenke, 1950–2017. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Recovering Wood and McCarthy’s ERP-prototypes by means of ERP-specific procrustes-rotation. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 295:20-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Xue S, Wang S, Kong X, Qiu J. Abnormal Neural Basis of Emotional Conflict Control in Treatment-Resistant Depression. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:103-110. [PMID: 26892803 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416631658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotional conflict has received increased attention as a research topic. The objective of this study is to confirm that the processing of emotional conflict is impaired in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We compared the event-related potentials of 17 patients with TRD and 17 healthy controls during the face-word Stroop task, which is an effective way of assessing the effects of emotional conflict directly. Compared with healthy controls, the accuracy scores of the TRD patients were lower in both "congruent stimuli" and "incongruent stimuli" conditions, and their response times were longer. The TRD patients also had larger N2 amplitudes over the frontal region, regardless of stimulus condition, which might reflect that TRD patients pay more attention to emotional information. A larger P3 amplitude over the frontal region for "incongruent stimuli minus congruent stimuli" was also found among patients with TRD, which indicates interference effects in the Stroop task. The results of this study provide novel behavioral and neurophysiological evidence of anomalies in cognitive inhibition among patients with TRD using the word-face task. These findings not only improve our understanding of deficient inhibition in TRD, but also pave the way for a cognitive neuropsychiatric model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,2 State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,3 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Kong
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,3 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,3 Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Leroy C, Bourriez JL, Dujardin K, Molaee-Ardekani B, Babiloni C, Deplanque D, Ponchel A, Hennion S, Plomhause L, Devanne H, Deguil J, Payoux P, Blin O, Méligne D, Micallef J, Chauveau N, Lanteaume L, Vervueren C, Guimont F, Thalamas C, Cassé-Perrot C, Rouby F, Bordet R, Derambure P. A 15-day course of donepezil modulates spectral EEG dynamics related to target auditory stimuli in young, healthy adult volunteers. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 130:863-875. [PMID: 26699666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify possible electroencephalographic (EEG) markers of donepezil's effect on cortical activity in young, healthy adult volunteers at the group level. METHODS Thirty subjects were administered a daily dose of either 5mg donepezil or placebo for 15days in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial. The electroencephalogram during an auditory oddball paradigm was recorded from 58 scalp electrodes. Current source density (CSD) transformations were applied to EEG epochs. The event-related potential (ERP), inter-trial coherence (ITC: the phase consistency of the EEG spectrum) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP: the EEG power spectrum relative to the baseline) were calculated for the target (oddball) stimuli. RESULTS The donepezil and placebo conditions differed in terms of the changes in delta/theta/alpha/beta ITC and ERSP in various regions of the scalp (especially the frontal electrodes) but not in terms of latency and amplitude of the P300-ERP component. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ITC and ERSP analyses can provide EEG markers of donepezil's effects in young, healthy, adult volunteers at a group level. SIGNIFICANCE Novel EEG markers could be useful to assess the therapeutic potential of drug candidates in Alzheimer's disease in healthy volunteers prior to the initiation of Phase II/III clinical studies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Leroy
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Bourriez
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Behnam Molaee-Ardekani
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Dominique Deplanque
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; CIC 1403 INSERM-CHU, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Ponchel
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Hennion
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Plomhause
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Devanne
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; ULCO, Calais, France
| | - Julie Deguil
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Déborah Méligne
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Micallef
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Chauveau
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Lanteaume
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Vervueren
- INSERM UMR 825 Brain Imaging and Neurological Dysfunctions, Toulouse, France
| | - François Guimont
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, INSERM CIC 1436, Toulouse University Medical Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Cassé-Perrot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Rouby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, and CNRS UMR 7289, CIC-CPCET, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Bordet
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Derambure
- INSERM U1171, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
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Kayser J, Tenke CE. Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 97:189-209. [PMID: 25920962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recognition that the surface Laplacian may counteract adverse effects of volume conduction and recording reference for surface potential data, electrophysiology as a discipline has been reluctant to embrace this approach for data analysis. The reasons for such hesitation are manifold but often involve unfamiliarity with the nature of the underlying transformation, as well as intimidation by a perceived mathematical complexity, and concerns of signal loss, dense electrode array requirements, or susceptibility to noise. We revisit the pitfalls arising from volume conduction and the mandated arbitrary choice of EEG reference, describe the basic principle of the surface Laplacian transform in an intuitive fashion, and exemplify the differences between common reference schemes (nose, linked mastoids, average) and the surface Laplacian for frequently-measured EEG spectra (theta, alpha) and standard event-related potential (ERP) components, such as N1 or P3. We specifically review common reservations against the universal use of the surface Laplacian, which can be effectively addressed by employing spherical spline interpolations with an appropriate selection of the spline flexibility parameter and regularization constant. We argue from a pragmatic perspective that not only are these reservations unfounded but that the continued predominant use of surface potentials poses a considerable impediment on the progress of EEG and ERP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Beauducel A, Leue A. Controlling for experimental effects in event-related potentials by means of principal component rotation. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 239:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Kamarajan C, Porjesz B. Advances in Electrophysiological Research. Alcohol Res 2015; 37:53-87. [PMID: 26259089 PMCID: PMC4476604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological measures of brain function are effective tools to understand neurocognitive phenomena and sensitive indicators of pathophysiological processes associated with various clinical conditions, including alcoholism. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and their high-risk offspring have consistently shown dysfunction in several electrophysiological measures in resting state (i.e., electroencephalogram) and during cognitive tasks (i.e., event-related potentials and event-related oscillations). Researchers have recently developed sophisticated signal-processing techniques to characterize different aspects of brain dynamics, which can aid in identifying the neural mechanisms underlying alcoholism and other related complex disorders.These quantitative measures of brain function also have been successfully used as endophenotypes to identify and help understand genes associated with AUD and related disorders. Translational research also is examining how brain electrophysiological measures potentially can be applied to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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15
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Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Porjesz B. The use of current source density as electrophysiological correlates in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of human studies. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 97:310-22. [PMID: 25448264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of current source density (CSD), the Laplacian of the scalp surface voltage, to map the electrical activity of the brain is a powerful method in studies of cognitive and affective phenomena. During the last few decades, mapping of CSD has been successfully applied to characterize several neuropsychiatric conditions such as alcoholism, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, childhood/developmental disorders, and neurological conditions (i.e., epilepsy and brain lesions) using electrophysiological data from resting state and during cognitive performance. The use of CSD and Laplacian measures has proven effective in elucidating topographic and activation differences between groups: i) patients with a specific diagnosis vs. healthy controls, ii) subjects at high risk for a specific diagnosis vs. low risk or normal controls, and iii) patients with specific symptom(s) vs. patients without these symptom(s). The present review outlines and summarizes the studies that have employed CSD measures in investigating several neuropsychiatric conditions. The advantages and potential of CSD-based methods in clinical and research applications along with some of the limitations inherent in the CSD-based methods are discussed in the review, as well as future directions to expand the implementation of CSD to other potential clinical applications. As CSD methods have proved to be more advantageous than using scalp potential data to understand topographic and source activations, its clinical applications offer promising potential, not only for a better understanding of a range of psychiatric conditions, but also for a variety of focal neurological disorders, including epilepsy and other conditions involving brain lesions and surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Auditory event-related potentials and α oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 91:104-20. [PMID: 24333745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that event-related potentials (ERP) obtained during active and passive auditory paradigms, which have demonstrated abnormal neurocognitive function in schizophrenia, may provide helpful tools in predicting transition to psychosis. In addition to ERP measures, reduced modulations of EEG alpha, reflecting top-down control required to inhibit irrelevant information, have revealed attentional deficits in schizophrenia and its prodromal stage. Employing a three-stimulus novelty oddball task, nose-referenced 48-channel ERPs were recorded from 22 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients and 20 healthy controls detecting target tones (12% probability, 500Hz; button press) among nontargets (76%, 350Hz) and novel sounds (12%). After current source density (CSD) transformation of EEG epochs (-200 to 1000ms), event-related spectral perturbations were obtained for each site up to 30Hz and 800ms after stimulus onset, and simplified by unrestricted time-frequency (TF) principal components analysis (PCA). Alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) as measured by TF factor 610-9 (spectral peak latency at 610ms and 9Hz; 31.9% variance) was prominent over right posterior regions for targets, and markedly reduced in CHR patients compared to controls, particularly in three patients who later developed psychosis. In contrast, low-frequency event-related synchronization (ERS) distinctly linked to novels (260-1; 16.0%; mid-frontal) and N1 sink across conditions (130-1; 3.4%; centro-temporoparietal) did not differ between groups. Analogous time-domain CSD-ERP measures (temporal PCA), consisting of N1 sink, novelty mismatch negativity (MMN), novelty vertex source, novelty P3, P3b, and frontal response negativity, were robust and closely comparable between groups. Novelty MMN at FCz was, however, absent in the three converters. In agreement with prior findings, alpha ERD and MMN may hold particular promise for predicting transition to psychosis among CHR patients.
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Identifying electrode bridging from electrical distance distributions: a survey of publicly-available EEG data using a new method. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:484-90. [PMID: 24095153 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE EEG topographies may be distorted by electrode bridges, typically caused by electrolyte spreading between adjacent electrodes. We therefore sought to determine the prevalence of electrode bridging and its potential impact on the EEG literature. METHODS Five publicly-available EEG datasets were evaluated for evidence of bridging using a new screening method that employs the temporal variance of pairwise difference waveforms (electrical distance). Distinctive characteristics of electrical distance frequency distributions were used to develop an algorithm to identify electrode bridges in datasets with different montages (22-64 channels) and noise properties. RESULTS The extent of bridging varied substantially across datasets: 54% of EEG recording sessions contained an electrode bridge, and the mean percentage of bridged electrodes in a montage was as high as 18% in one of the datasets. Furthermore, over 40% of the recording channels were bridged in 9 of 203 sessions. These findings were independently validated by visual inspection. CONCLUSIONS The new algorithm conveniently, efficiently, and reliably identified electrode bridges across different datasets and recording conditions. Electrode bridging may constitute a substantial problem for some datasets. SIGNIFICANCE Given the extent of the electrode bridging across datasets, this problem may be more widespread than commonly thought. However, when used as an automatic screening routine, the new algorithm will prevent pitfalls stemming from unrecognized electrode bridges.
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Kroppmann CJ, Alschuler DM, Ben-David S, Fekri S, Bruder GE, Corcoran CM. Olfaction in the psychosis prodrome: electrophysiological and behavioral measures of odor detection. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:190-206. [PMID: 23856353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Smell identification deficits (SIDs) are relatively specific to schizophrenia and its negative symptoms, and may predict transition to psychosis in clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals. Moreover, event-related potentials (ERPs) to odors are reduced in schizophrenia. This study examined whether CHR patients show SIDs and abnormal olfactory N1 and P2 potentials. ERPs (49 channels) were recorded from 21 CHR and 20 healthy participants (13 males/group; ages 13-27 years) during an odor detection task using three concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or blank air presented unilaterally by a constant-flow olfactometer. Neuronal generator patterns underlying olfactory ERPs were identified and measured by principal components analysis (unrestricted Varimax) of reference-free current source densities (CSD). Replicating previous findings, CSD waveforms to H2S stimuli were characterized by an early N1 sink (345 ms, lateral-temporal) and a late P2 source (600 ms, mid-frontocentroparietal). N1 and P2 varied monotonically with odor intensity (strong > medium > weak) and did not differ across groups. Patients and controls also showed comparable odor detection and had normal odor identification and thresholds (Sniffin' Sticks). However, olfactory ERPs strongly reflected differences in odor intensity and detection in controls, but these associations were substantially weaker in patients. Moreover, severity of negative symptoms in patients was associated with reduced olfactory ERPs and poorer odor detection, identification and thresholds. Three patients who developed psychosis had poorer odor detection and thresholds, and marked reductions of N1 and P2. Thus, despite the lack of overall group differences, olfactory measures may be of utility in predicting transition to psychosis among CHR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Tenke CE, Kayser J. Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2328-45. [PMID: 22796039 PMCID: PMC3498576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The topographic ambiguity and reference-dependency that has plagued EEG/ERP research throughout its history are largely attributable to volume conduction, which may be concisely described by a vector form of Ohm's Law. This biophysical relationship is common to popular algorithms that infer neuronal generators via inverse solutions. It may be further simplified as Poisson's source equation, which identifies underlying current generators from estimates of the second spatial derivative of the field potential (Laplacian transformation). Intracranial current source density (CSD) studies have dissected the "cortical dipole" into intracortical sources and sinks, corresponding to physiologically-meaningful patterns of neuronal activity at a sublaminar resolution, much of which is locally cancelled (i.e., closed field). By virtue of the macroscopic scale of the scalp-recorded EEG, a surface Laplacian reflects the radial projections of these underlying currents, representing a unique, unambiguous measure of neuronal activity at scalp. Although the surface Laplacian requires minimal assumptions compared to complex, model-sensitive inverses, the resulting waveform topographies faithfully summarize and simplify essential constraints that must be placed on putative generators of a scalp potential topography, even if they arise from deep or partially-closed fields. CSD methods thereby provide a global empirical and biophysical context for generator localization, spanning scales from intracortical to scalp recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Krompinger JW, Simons RF. Cognitive inefficiency in depressive undergraduates: Stroop processing and ERPs. Biol Psychol 2011; 86:239-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Malaspina D, Kroppmann CJ, Schaller JD, Deptula A, Gates NA, Harkavy-Friedman JM, Gil R, Bruder GE. Neuronal generator patterns of olfactory event-related brain potentials in schizophrenia. Psychophysiology 2011; 47:1075-86. [PMID: 20456657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better characterize neurophysiologic processes underlying olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia, nose-referenced 30-channel electroencephalogram was recorded from 32 patients and 35 healthy adults (18 and 18 male) during detection of hydrogen sulfide (constant-flow olfactometer, 200 ms unirhinal exposure). Event-related potentials (ERPs) were transformed to reference-free current source density (CSD) waveforms and analyzed by unrestricted Varimax-PCA. Participants indicated when they perceived a high (10 ppm) or low (50% dilution) odor concentration. Patients and controls did not differ in detection of high (23% misses) and low (43%) intensities and also had similar olfactory ERP waveforms. CSDs showed a greater bilateral frontotemporal N1 sink (305 ms) and mid-parietal P2 source (630 ms) for high than low intensities. N1 sink and P2 source were markedly reduced in patients for high intensity stimuli, providing further neurophysiological evidence of olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Gil R, Bruder GE. ERP generator patterns in schizophrenia during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks: effects of response hand and silent count. Clin EEG Neurosci 2010; 41:184-95. [PMID: 21077570 PMCID: PMC3341098 DOI: 10.1177/155005941004100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Greater left than right reductions of P3 amplitude in schizophrenia during auditory oddball tasks have been interpreted as evidence of left-lateralized dysfunction. However, the contributions of methodological factors (response mode, stimulus properties, recording reference), which affect event-related potential (ERP) topographies, remain unclear. We recorded 31-channel ERPs from 23 schizophrenic patients and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (all right-handed) during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks, varying response mode (left press, right press, silent count) within subjects. Performance accuracy was high in both groups but patients were slower. ERP generator patterns were summarized by temporal Principal Components Analysis (PCA; unrestricted Varimax) from reference-free current source density (CSD; spherical spline Laplacians) waveforms, which sharpen scalp topographies. CSD represents the magnitude of the radial current flow entering (source) and leaving (sink) the scalp. Both patients and controls showed asymmetric frontolateral and parietotemporal N2 sinks peaking at 240 ms and asymmetric parietal P3 sources (355 ms) for targets (tonal R > L, phonetic L > R), but frontocentral N2 sinks and parietal P3 sources were bilaterally reduced in patients. A response-related midfrontal sink and accompanying centroparietal source (560 ms) were highly comparable across groups. However, a superimposed left temporal source was larger for silent count compared to button press, and this difference was smaller in patients. In both groups, left or right press produced opposite, region-specific asymmetries originating from central sites, modulating the N2/P3 complex. The results suggest bilaterally reduced neural generators of N2 and P3 in schizophrenia during auditory oddball tasks, but both groups showed comparable topographic effects of task and response mode. However, additional working memory demands during silent count may partially overlap in time the generation of the N2/P3 complex and differentially affect the asymmetry of P3 subcomponents, particularly when employing conventional ERP measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Tenke CE, Kayser J, Stewart JW, Bruder GE. Novelty P3 reductions in depression: characterization using principal components analysis (PCA) of current source density (CSD) waveforms. Psychophysiology 2010; 47:133-46. [PMID: 19761526 PMCID: PMC3345565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a novelty P3 reduction in depressed patients compared to healthy controls (n=20 per group) in a novelty oddball task using a 31-channel montage. In an independent replication and extension using a 67-channel montage (n=49 per group), reference-free current source density (CSD) waveforms were simplified and quantified by a temporal, covariance-based principal components analysis (PCA) (unrestricted Varimax rotation), yielding factor solutions consistent with other oddball tasks. A factor with a loadings peak at 343 ms summarized the target P3b source as well as a secondary midline frontocentral source for novels and targets. An earlier novelty vertex source (NVS) at 241 ms was present for novels, but not targets, and was reduced in patients. Compatible CSD-PCA findings were also confirmed for the original low-density sample. Results are consistent with a reduced novelty response in clinical depression, involving the early phase of the frontocentral novelty P3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Kroppmann CJ, Fekri S, Alschuler DM, Gates NA, Gil R, Harkavy-Friedman JM, Jarskog LF, Bruder GE. Current source density (CSD) old/new effects during recognition memory for words and faces in schizophrenia and in healthy adults. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 75:194-210. [PMID: 19995583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a preserved 'old-new effect' (enhanced parietal positivity 300-800 ms following correctly-recognized repeated words) in schizophrenia over mid-parietal sites using 31-channel nose-referenced event-related potentials (ERP) and reference-free current source densities (CSD). However, patients showed poorer word recognition memory and reduced left lateral-parietal P3 sources. The present study investigated whether these abnormalities are specific to words. High-density ERPs (67 channels) were recorded from 57 schizophrenic (24 females) and 44 healthy (26 females) right-handed adults during parallel visual continuous recognition memory tasks using common words or unknown faces. To identify and measure neuronal generator patterns underlying ERPs, unrestricted Varimax-PCA was performed using CSD estimates (spherical spline surface Laplacian). Two late source factors peaking at 442 ms (lateral parietal maximum) and 723 ms (centroparietal maximum) accounted for most of the variance between 250 and 850 ms. Poorer (76.6+/-20.0% vs. 85.7+/-12.4% correct) and slower (824+/-170 vs. 755+/-147 ms) performance in patients was accompanied by reduced stimulus-locked parietal sources. However, both controls and patients showed mid-frontal (442 ms) and left parietal (723 ms) old/new effects in both tasks. Whereas mid-frontal old/new effects were comparable across groups and tasks, later left parietal old/new effects were markedly reduced in patients over lateral temporoparietal but not mid-parietal sites, particularly for words, implicating impaired phonological processing. In agreement with prior results, ERP correlates of recognition memory deficits in schizophrenia suggest functional impairments of lateral posterior cortex (stimulus representation) associated with conscious recollection. This deficit was more pronounced for common words despite a greater difficulty to recall unknown faces, indicating that it is not due to a generalized cognitive deficit in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Gil RB, Bruder GE. Stimulus- and response-locked neuronal generator patterns of auditory and visual word recognition memory in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 73:186-206. [PMID: 19275917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Examining visual word recognition memory (WRM) with nose-referenced EEGs, we reported a preserved ERP 'old-new effect' (enhanced parietal positivity 300-800 ms to correctly-recognized repeated items) in schizophrenia ([Kayser, J., Bruder, G.E., Friedman, D., Tenke, C.E., Amador, X.F., Clark, S.C., Malaspina, D., Gorman, J.M., 1999. Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in schizophrenia during a word recognition memory task. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 34(3), 249-265.]). However, patients showed reduced early negative potentials (N1, N2) and poorer WRM. Because group differences in neuronal generator patterns (i.e., sink-source orientation) may be masked by choice of EEG recording reference, the current study combined surface Laplacians and principal components analysis (PCA) to clarify ERP component topography and polarity and to disentangle stimulus- and response-related contributions. To investigate the impact of stimulus modality, 31-channel ERPs were recorded from 20 schizophrenic patients (15 male) and 20 age-, gender-, and handedness-matched healthy adults during parallel visual and auditory continuous WRM tasks. Stimulus- and response-locked reference-free current source densities (spherical splines) were submitted to unrestricted Varimax-PCA to identify and measure neuronal generator patterns underlying ERPs. Poorer (78.2+/-18.7% vs. 87.8+/-11.3% correct) and slower (958+/-226 vs. 773+/-206 ms) performance in patients was accompanied by reduced stimulus-related left-parietal P3 sources (150 ms pre-response) and vertex N2 sinks (both overall and old/new effects) but modality-specific N1 sinks were not significantly reduced. A distinct mid-frontal sink 50-ms post-response was markedly attenuated in patients. Reductions were more robust for auditory stimuli. However, patients showed increased lateral-frontotemporal sinks (T7 maximum) concurrent with auditory P3 sources. Electrophysiologic correlates of WRM deficits in schizophrenia suggest functional impairments of posterior cortex (stimulus representation) and anterior cingulate (stimulus categorization, response monitoring), primarily affecting memory for spoken words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Kayser J, Tenke CE, Gates NA, Bruder GE. Reference-independent ERP old/new effects of auditory and visual word recognition memory: Joint extraction of stimulus- and response-locked neuronal generator patterns. Psychophysiology 2007; 44:949-67. [PMID: 17640266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To clarify polarity, topography, and time course of recognition memory ERP old/new effects during matched visual and auditory continuous word recognition tasks, unrestricted temporal PCA jointly analyzed stimulus- and response-locked, reference-free current source densities (31-channel, N=40). Randomization tests provided unbiased statistics for complete factor topographies. Old/new left parietal source effects were complemented by lateral frontocentral sink effects in both modalities, overlapping modality-specific P3 sources 160 ms preresponse. A mid-frontal sink 45 ms postresponse terminated the frontoparietal generator pattern, showed old/new effects consistent with bilateral activation of anterior cingulate and SMA, and preceded similar activity extending posteriorly along the longitudinal fissure. These methods separated old/new stimulus source (preresponse) and response sink (postresponse) effects from motor and modality-specific ERPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kayser
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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