1
|
Bai G, Matsuba T, Niki T, Hattori T. Stimulation of THP-1 Macrophages with LPS Increased the Production of Osteopontin-Encapsulating Exosome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228490. [PMID: 33187327 PMCID: PMC7696453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) mediates bone remodeling and tissue debridement. The OPN protein is cleaved, but it is unclear how full-length (FL)-OPN or its cleaved form perform their biological activities in target cells. We, therefore, performed the molecular characterization of OPN in exosomes (Exo). The Exo were isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The Exo were also isolated from PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The Exo were identified using the qNano multiple analyzer (diameter 59–315 nm) and western blotting with a CD9 antibody. LPS-stimulated cells produced more particles than non-stimulated cells. The presence of the FL or the cleaved form of OPN was confirmed using western blot analysis. A mixture of FL and cleaved OPN was also measured using an ELISA system (Ud-OPN) and their presence in the Exo was confirmed. Ud/FL ratios became low after LPS stimulation, indicating the enhanced encapsulation of FL-OPN in the Exo by LPS. These findings suggest that LPS stimulation of human macrophages facilitates the synthesis of FL-OPN, which is cleaved in cells or the Exo after release. These findings indicate that Exo is a suitable vehicle to transfer OPN to the target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Bai
- Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan;
| | - Takashi Matsuba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan;
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 7610793, Japan;
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Department of Health Science and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi 716-8508, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-866-22-9469
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macklin PS, Yamamoto A, Browning L, Hofer M, Adam J, Pugh CW. Recent advances in the biology of tumour hypoxia with relevance to diagnostic practice and tissue-based research. J Pathol 2020; 250:593-611. [PMID: 32086807 DOI: 10.1002/path.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, we examine the importance of low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) in cancer biology. We provide a brief description of how mammalian cells sense oxygen. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is currently the best characterised oxygen-sensing system, but recent work has revealed that mammals also use an oxygen-sensing system found in plants to regulate the abundance of some proteins and peptides with an amino-terminal cysteine residue. We discuss how the HIF pathway is affected during the growth of solid tumours, which develop in microenvironments with gradients of oxygen availability. We then introduce the concept of 'pseudohypoxia', a state of constitutive, oxygen-independent HIF system activation that occurs due to oncogenic stimulation in a number of specific tumour types that are of immediate relevance to diagnostic histopathologists. We provide an overview of the different methods of quantifying tumour hypoxia, emphasising the importance of pre-analytic factors in interpreting the results of tissue-based studies. Finally, we review recent approaches to targeting hypoxia/HIF system activation for therapeutic benefit, the application of which may require knowledge of which hypoxia signalling components are being utilised by a given tumour. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Macklin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Monika Hofer
- Department of Neuropathology and Ocular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bogowicz M, Tanadini-Lang S, Veit-Haibach P, Pruschy M, Bender S, Sharma A, Hüllner M, Studer G, Stieb S, Hemmatazad H, Glatz S, Guckenberger M, Riesterer O. Perfusion CT radiomics as potential prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1514-1518. [PMID: 31304860 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1629013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bogowicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Tanadini-Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P. Veit-Haibach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Pruschy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Bender
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Hüllner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Studer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - S. Stieb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H. Hemmatazad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Glatz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Riesterer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Radiation Oncology, KSA-KSB, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The concept of tumour hypoxia as a cause of radiation resistance has been prevalent for over 100 years. During this time, our understanding of tumour hypoxia has matured with the recognition that oxygen tension within a tumour is influenced by both diffusion and perfusion mechanisms. In parallel, clinical strategies to modify tumour hypoxia with the expectation that this will improve response to radiation have been developed and tested in clinical trials. Despite many disappointments, meta-analysis of the data on hypoxia modification confirms a significant impact on both tumour control and survival. Early trials evaluated hyperbaric oxygen followed by a generation of studies testing oxygen mimetics such as misonidazole, pimonidazole and etanidazole. One highly significant result stands out from the use of nimorazole in advanced laryngeal cancer with a significant advantage seen for locoregional control using this radiosensitiser. More recent studies have evaluated carbogen and nicotinamide targeting both diffusion related and perfusion related hypoxia. A significant survival advantage is seen in muscle invasive bladder cancer and also for locoregional control in hypopharygeal cancer associated with a low haemoglobin. New developments include the recognition that mitochondrial complex inhibitors reducing tumour oxygen consumption are potential radiosensitising agents and atovaquone is currently in clinical trials. One shortcoming of past hypoxia modifying trials is the failure to identify oxygenation status and select those patient with significant hypoxia. A range of biomarkers are now available including histological necrosis, immunohistochemical intrinsic markers such as CAIX and Glut 1 and hypoxia gene signatures which have been shown to predict outcome and will inform the next generation of hypoxia modifying clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tharmalingham
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK.,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK.,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yildiz M, Yigit O, Sünter AV, Edizer DT, Dursun N, Okcu O. Effects of Intracordal Estradiol and Dexamethasone Injection on Wound Healing in Vocal Fold Injuries. J Voice 2018; 33:759-766. [PMID: 29496298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracordal estradiol and dexamethasone injection on wound healing in vocal fold injuries. STUDY DESIGN A prospective controlled animal study was carried out. SETTING This study was conducted at a tertiary center. SUBJECTS-METHODS Ten rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. As surgical procedure, cordotomy technique was performed in the middle third of the vocal folds bilaterally. In the first group, 0.1 mL of dexamethasone was injected into the right side, and 0.1 mL of saline was injected into the left side. In the second group, 0.1 mL of estradiol was injected into the right side, and 0.1 mL of saline was injected into the left side. Animals were sacrificed after 1 month and laryngeal specimens were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of inflammatory response, epithelial thickness, type I and III collagen, and hyaluronic acid parameters in dexamethasone and estradiol injections compared to the saline injection. In terms of elastin level, estradiol injection demonstrated statistically higher values compared to the saline injection. Elastin level of dexamethasone injected vocal folds was not statistically different compared to the saline injection. No significant differences were observed in terms of inflammatory response, epithelial thickness, type I and III collagen, and hyaluronic acid parameters between the estradiol and dexamethasone injected vocal folds. CONCLUSION It is thought that the effects of estradiol or dexamethasone injections may have similar effects on wound healing in vocal fold injuries. Intracordal estradiol injection has positive effects on tissue elastin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yildiz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozgür Yigit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Volkan Sünter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Tuna Edizer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nevra Dursun
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Okcu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Polat B, Kaiser P, Wohlleben G, Gehrke T, Scherzad A, Scheich M, Malzahn U, Fischer T, Vordermark D, Flentje M. Perioperative changes in osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma levels and their prognostic impact for radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28049456 PMCID: PMC5209814 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In head and neck cancer little is known about the kinetics of osteopontin (OPN) expression after tumor resection. In this study we evaluated the time course of OPN plasma levels before and after surgery. Methods Between 2011 and 2013 41 consecutive head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a prospective study (group A). At different time points plasma samples were collected: T0) before, T1) 1 day, T2) 1 week and T3) 4 weeks after surgery. Osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA system. Data were compared to 131 head and neck cancer patients treated with primary (n = 42) or postoperative radiotherapy (n = 89; group B1 and B2). Results A significant OPN increase was seen as early as 1 day after surgery (T0 to T1, p < 0.01). OPN levels decreased to base line 3-4 weeks after surgery. OPN values were correlated with postoperative TGFβ1 expression suggesting a relation to wound healing. Survival analysis showed a significant benefit for patients with lower OPN levels both in the primary and postoperative radiotherapy group (B1: 33 vs 11.5 months, p = 0.017, B2: median not reached vs 33.4, p = 0.031). TGFβ1 was also of prognostic significance in group B1 (33.0 vs 10.7 months, p = 0.003). Conclusions Patients with head and neck cancer showed an increase in osteopontin plasma levels directly after surgery. Four weeks later OPN concentration decreased to pre-surgery levels. This long lasting increase was presumably associated to wound healing. Both pretherapeutic osteopontin and TGFβ1 had prognostic impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kaiser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheich
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Malzahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv X, Li J, Zhang C, Hu T, Li S, He S, Yan H, Tan Y, Lei M, Wen M, Zuo J. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in tumor angiogenesis and cell metabolism. Genes Dis 2016; 4:19-24. [PMID: 30258904 PMCID: PMC6136595 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a main heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia by stimulating the transcription of a series of hypoxia-inducible genes. HIF is frequently upregulated in solid tumors, and the overexpression of HIF can promote tumor progression or aggressiveness by blood vessel architecture and altering cellular metabolism. In this review, we focused on the pivotal role of HIF in tumor angiogenesis and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we also emphasized the possibility of HIF pathway as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Lv
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Tian Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sai Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sha He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hanxing Yan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yixi Tan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mingsheng Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangjiajie City Hospital, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, China
| | - Meiling Wen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bredell MG, Ernst J, El-Kochairi I, Dahlem Y, Ikenberg K, Schumann DM. Current relevance of hypoxia in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:50781-50804. [PMID: 27434126 PMCID: PMC5226620 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck cancer (HNC) is a complex mix of cancers and one of the more common cancers with a relatively poor prognosis. One of the factors that may assist us in predicting survival and allow us to adjust our treatment strategies is the presence of tumor hypoxia. In this overview we aim to evaluate the current evidence and potential clinical relevance of tumor hypoxia in head and neck cancer according to an extensive search of current literature.An abundance of evidence and often contradictory evidence is found in the literature. Even the contradictory evidence and comparisons are difficult to judge as criteria and methodologies differ greatly, furthermore few prospective observational studies exist for verification of the pre-clinical studies. Despite these discrepancies there is clear evidence of associations between prognosis and poor tumor oxygenation biomarkers such as HIF-1α, GLUT-1 and lactate, though these associations are not exclusive. The use of genetic markers is expanding and will probably lead to significantly more and complex evidence. The lack of oxygenation in head and neck tumors is of paramount importance for the prediction of treatment outcomes and prognosis. Despite the wide array of conflicting evidence, the drive towards non-invasive prediction of tumor hypoxia should continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius G. Bredell
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Ernst
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilhem El-Kochairi
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliya Dahlem
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Ikenberg
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Desiree M. Schumann
- Department of Cranio-, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wohlleben G, Scherzad A, Güttler A, Vordermark D, Kuger S, Flentje M, Polat B. Influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression in head and neck cancer and glioblastoma cell lines. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:167. [PMID: 26259597 PMCID: PMC4554368 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia is a known risk factor for reduced response to radiotherapy. The evaluation of noninvasive methods for the detection of hypoxia is therefore of interest. Osteopontin (OPN) has been discussed as an endogenous hypoxia biomarker. It is overexpressed in many cancers and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Methods To examine the influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression we used different cell lines (head and neck cancer (Cal27 and FaDu) and glioblastoma multiforme (U251 and U87)). Cells were treated with hypoxia for 24 h and were then irradiated with doses of 2 and 8 Gy. Osteopontin expression was analyzed on mRNA level by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and on protein level by western blot. Cell culture supernatants were evaluated for secreted OPN by ELISA. Results Hypoxia caused an increase in osteopontin protein expression in all cell lines. In Cal27 a corresponding increase in OPN mRNA expression was observed. In contrast the other cell lines showed a reduced mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. After irradiation OPN mRNA expression raised slightly in FaDu and U87 cells while it was reduced in U251 and stable in Cal27 cells under normoxia. The combined treatment (hypoxia and irradiation) led to a slight increase of OPN mRNA after 2 Gy in U251 (24 h) and in U87 (24 and 48 h) cell lines falling back to base line after 8 Gy. This effect was not seen in Cal27 or in FaDu cells. Secreted OPN was detected only in the two glioblastoma cell lines with reduced protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Again the combined treatment resulted in a minor increase in OPN secretion 48 hours after irradiation with 8 Gy. Conclusion Osteopontin expression is strongly modulated by hypoxia and only to a minor extent by irradiation. Intracellular OPN homeostasis seems to vary considerably between cell lines. This may explain the partly conflicting results concerning response prediction and prognosis in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kuger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Buelent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang WJ, Jeng YM, Lai HS, Fong IU, Sheu FYB, Lai PL, Yuan RH. Expression of hypoxic marker carbonic anhydrase IX predicts poor prognosis in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119181. [PMID: 25738958 PMCID: PMC4349857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX), a hypoxia marker, correlates with tumor progression in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of CA-IX in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) remains largely unknown. We examined the expression of 277 unifocal, resectable, primary HCC tumors using immunohistochemistry. The CA-IX protein was expressed in 110 of the 227 (48.5%) HCC tumors. The expression of CA-IX correlated with younger age (P = 0.0446), female sex (P = 0.0049), high serum α-fetoprotein levels (P<1x10-6), larger tumor size (P = 0.0031), high tumor grade P<1x10-6) and high tumor stage (P = 1.5x10-6). Patients with HCC tumors that expressed CA-IX were more likely to have lower 5-year disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.0001) and 5-year overall survival (OS; P<1x10-6). The multivariate analysis indicated that CA-IX expression was an independent predictor for high tumor stage (P = 0.0047) and DFS (P = 0.0456), and a borderline predictor for OS (P = 0.0762). Furthermore, CA-IX expression predicted poor DFS and OS in patients with high tumor stage (P = 0.0004 and P<1x10-6, respectively). Interestingly, CA-IX expression might contribute to the worse prognosis of female patients with advanced HCCs. Our study indicates the expression of the CA-IX protein is a crucial predictor of poor prognosis in resectable HCC, and it is also an unfavorable prognostic predictor in HCC patients with high tumor stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hsin-Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, No. 418, Gaoping Section, Zhongfeng Road, Longtan Township, Taoyuan County, 32544, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Iok-U Fong
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Bonnie Sheu
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1601 Parkview Ave, Rockford, IL, 61107, United States of America
| | - Po-Lin Lai
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Hwang Yuan
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:202-22. [PMID: 25732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For this comprehensive review, 257 publications with the keywords "osteopontin" or "OPN" and "vascular endothelial growth factor" or "VEGF" in PubMed were screened (time frame from year 1996 to year 2014). 37 articles were excluded because they were not focused on the interactions between these molecules, and papers relevant for transformation-related phenomena were selected. Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for regulating cell motility and angiogenesis, the response to hypoxia, and apoptosis. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. Their relationships affect the pathogenesis in cancer, where they contribute to progression and angiogenesis and serve as markers for poor prognosis. The inhibition of OPN may reduce VEGF levels and suppress tumor progression. In vascular pathologies, these two cytokines mediate remodeling, but may also perpetuate inflammation and narrowing of the arteries. OPN and VEGF are elevated and contribute to vascularization in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Etiz D, Ataizi FC, Bayman E, Akcay M, Acikalin MF, Colak E, Ciftci E. Prognostic value of osteopontin in patients treated with primary radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5175-8. [PMID: 24175796 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of tumor osteopontin (OPN) in patients with squamous-cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS OPN expression was assessed by immunohistochemical methods in 50 patients, who were treated with primary radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced SCHNC. The effects of OPN on clinical parameters, local-regional control after RT and metastasis-free survival, was assessed. RESULTS The rate of OPN expression in tumor tissue was 76%. OPN positive cases had lower Hb levels (p=0.088). Mean time to local recurrence was 53.8 months (SE 3.9) in OPN-negative cases and 39.1 months (SE 4.7) in OPN-positive cases (p=0.047). OPN increased the risk of local recurrence 5.9 times (p=0.085). It had no effect on metastasis-free (p=0.116) or overall survival (p=0.123). OPN was positive in 12 of 19 cases that developed grade 3-4 acute radiation dermatitis (p=0.096). CONCLUSIONS OPN expression is associated with an increase in local recurrence in patients who were treated with primary RT for locally advanced SCHNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durmus Etiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nakamura T, Shinriki S, Jono H, Ueda M, Nagata M, Guo J, Hayashi M, Yoshida R, Ota T, Ota K, Kawahara K, Nakagawa Y, Yamashita S, Nakayama H, Hiraki A, Shinohara M, Ando Y. Osteopontin-integrin α(v)β(3) axis is crucial for 5-fluorouracil resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:231-9. [PMID: 25497015 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of a chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have been limited because of drug resistance. This study aimed to identify novel mechanisms of 5-FU resistance. Here we found increased osteopontin (OPN) gene expression in OSCC tissues with resistance to 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy. OPN overexpression in OSCC cells led to 5-FU resistance and abrogated the prosurvival effect of the drug in a mouse xenograft model. OPN-induced 5-FU resistance required integrin αvβ3. Targeting integrin αvβ3 reversed the resistance in a 5-FU-resistant clone highly expressing OPN. Our data suggest that the OPN-integrin αvβ3 axis is crucial for 5-FU resistance in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinriki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Jianying Guo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Ota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang X, Qian Y, Wu H, Xie X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Kuang W, Shen L, Li K, Su J, Shen L, Chen X. Aberrant expression of osteopontin and E-cadherin indicates radiation resistance and poor prognosis for patients with cervical carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:88-98. [PMID: 25380749 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414561329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for all stages of cervical cancer, whether it is used for radical or palliative therapy. However, radioresistance of cervical cancer remains a major therapeutic problem. Consequently, we explored if E-cadherin (a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and osteopontin could predict radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC). Patients were retrospectively reviewed and 111 patients divided into two groups (radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive groups) according to progression-free survival (PFS). In pretreated paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated E-cadherin and osteopontin expression using immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of patients with high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression in the radiation-resistant group was significantly higher than those in the radiation-sensitive group (p<0.001). These patients also had a lower 5-year PFS rate (p<0.001). Our research suggests that high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression can be considered as a negative, independent prognostic factor in patients with LACSCC ([Hazard ratios (95% CI) 6.766 (2.940, 15.572)], p<0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Yujie Qian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Hainan Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the NCO School of the Border Control Force Yunnan Province, P.R. China (HW)
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumal Hospital & Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XX)
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Weilu Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Walsh JC, Lebedev A, Aten E, Madsen K, Marciano L, Kolb HC. The clinical importance of assessing tumor hypoxia: relationship of tumor hypoxia to prognosis and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1516-54. [PMID: 24512032 PMCID: PMC4159937 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a well-established biological phenomenon that affects the curability of solid tumors, regardless of treatment modality. Especially for head and neck cancer patients, tumor hypoxia is linked to poor patient outcomes. Given the biological problems associated with tumor hypoxia, the goal for clinicians has been to identify moderately to severely hypoxic tumors for differential treatment strategies. The "gold standard" for detecting and characterizing of tumor hypoxia are the invasive polarographic electrodes. Several less invasive hypoxia assessment techniques have also shown promise for hypoxia assessment. The widespread incorporation of hypoxia information in clinical tumor assessment is severely impeded by several factors, including regulatory hurdles and unclear correlation with potential treatment decisions. There is now an acute need for approved diagnostic technologies for determining the hypoxia status of cancer lesions, as it would enable clinical development of personalized, hypoxia-based therapies, which will ultimately improve outcomes. A number of different techniques for assessing tumor hypoxia have evolved to replace polarographic pO2 measurements for assessing tumor hypoxia. Several of these modalities, either individually or in combination with other imaging techniques, provide functional and physiological information of tumor hypoxia that can significantly improve the course of treatment. The assessment of tumor hypoxia will be valuable to radiation oncologists, surgeons, and biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies who are engaged in developing hypoxia-based therapies or treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Walsh
- 1 Siemens Molecular Imaging, Inc. , Culver City, California
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ostheimer C, Bache M, Güttler A, Kotzsch M, Vordermark D. A pilot study on potential plasma hypoxia markers in the radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Osteopontin, carbonic anhydrase IX and vascular endothelial growth factor. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 190:276-82. [PMID: 24322994 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-013-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic radioresistance plays a critical role in the radiotherapy of cancer and adversely impacts prognosis and treatment response. This prospective study investigated the interrelationship and the prognostic significance of several hypoxia-related proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated by radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pretreatment osteopontin (OPN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) plasma levels were determined by ELISA in 55 NSCLC (M0) patients receiving 66 Gy curative-intent radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Marker correlation, association with clinicopathological parameters and the prognostic value of a biomarker combination was evaluated. RESULTS All biomarkers were linearly correlated and linked to different clinical parameters including lung function, weight loss (OPN), gross tumor volume (VEGF) and T stage (CA IX). High OPN (p = 0.03), VEGF (p = 0.02) and CA IX (p = 0.04) values were significantly associated with poor survival. Double marker combination additively increased the risk of death by a factor of 2 and high plasma levels of the triple combination OPN/VEGF/CA IX yielded a 5.9-fold risk of death (p = 0.009). The combined assessment of OPN/VEGF/CA IX correlated independently with prognosis (p = 0.03) in a multivariate Cox regression model including N stage, T stage and GTV. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that a co-detection augments the prognostic value of single markers and that the integration of OPN, VEGF and CA IX into a hypoxic biomarker profile for the identification of patients with largely hypoxic and radioresistant tumors should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Dryanderstr. 4, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wachters JE, Schrijvers ML, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik M, de Bock GH, Langendijk JA, Kluin PM, Schuuring E, van der Laan BFAM, van der Wal JE. Prognostic significance of HIF-1a, CA-IX, and OPN in T1-T2 laryngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:2154-60. [PMID: 24167820 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To examine the prognostic value of hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1a, CA-IX, and OPN on clinical outcome in patients with T1-T2 supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) treated with primarily radiotherapy (RT). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Tumor tissue sections of 60 patients with T1-T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with primarily radiotherapy were assessed immunohistochemically for expression of HIF-1a, CA-IX, and OPN. The relationship of protein expression and classical clinical parameters with clinical outcome was studied, using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. RESULTS Neither HIF-1a nor CA-IX was of prognostic significance toward local control or overall survival in T1-T2 supraglottic LSCC. Cox regression survival analysis showed no relation between HIF-1a or CA-IX expression and local control (HR [hazard ratio] 1.07, CI [95% confidence interval] 0.29-3.87; HR 0.34, CI 0.04-2.58). Furthermore, OPN expression was not associated with local control (HR 1.37, CI 0.45-4.17) and overall survival (HR 0.99, CI 0.44-2.21). Our earlier findings in T1-T2 glottic LSCC (Schrijvers et al., 2008) could not be confirmed. CONCLUSION The absence of prognostic significance for HIF-1a and CA-IX toward local control in supraglottic LSCC, unlike glottic LSCC, suggests that supraglottic LSCC might represent another biological entity.
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Osteopontin and splice variant expression level in human malignant glioma: radiobiologic effects and prognosis after radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:535-40. [PMID: 23891093 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the role of the hypoxia-associated secreted glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) in the response of malignant glioma to radiotherapy by characterizing OPN and its splice variants in vitro and in patient material. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of siRNA knockdown of OPN splice variants on cellular and radiobiologic behavior was analyzed in U251MG cells using OpnS siRNA (inhibition of all OPN splice variants) and OpnAC siRNA (knockdown only of OPNa and OPNc). OPN and splice variant mRNA levels were quantified in archival material of 41 glioblastoma tumor samples. Plasma OPN was prospectively measured in 33 malignant glioma patients. RESULTS Inhibition of OPNa and OPNc (OpnAC) reduced clonogenic survival in U251MG cells but did not affect proliferation, migration or apoptosis. Knockdown of all OPN splice variants (OpnS) resulted in an even stronger inhibition of clonogenic survival, while cell proliferation and migration were reduced and rate of apoptosis was increased. Additional irradiation had additive effects with both siRNAs. Plasma OPN increased continuously in malignant glioma patients and was associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS OPNb is partially able to compensate the effects of OPNa and OPNc knockdown in U251MG cells. High OPN plasma levels at the end of radiotherapy are associated with poor survival.
Collapse
|
20
|
Influence of osteopontin silencing on survival and migration of lung cancer cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 189:62-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
21
|
Peridis S, Pilgrim G, Athanasopoulos I, Parpounas K. Carbonic anhydrase-9 expression in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 268:661-70. [PMID: 21246209 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare CA-9 positivity versus CA-9 negativity in head and neck malignancies and to correlate levels of CA-9 with tumor grade, size, and nodal status. Overall and disease-free survival were also compared for CA-9 positive and negative tumors. A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane databases for studies between 1990 and 2009. Carbonic anhydrase IX, CA IX, CA-9, head and neck, and survival were used as search terms. Random-effect meta-analytical techniques were conducted for outcome measures of overall survival and disease-free survival. Sixteen studies matched the selection criteria, reporting on 1,470 patients. Eight hundred and forty two specimens were reported as being CA-9 positive or negative: 512 (60.81%) were CA-9 positive and 330 (39.19%) were CA-9 negative. Nine hundred and eighty specimens had levels of CA-9 expression recorded: 547 (55.82%) had high levels of CA-9 and 433 (44.18%) had low CA-9 levels. Survival was significantly reduced if the tumor was positive for CA-9 (P < 0.0001). Disease-free survival is significantly reduced in patients with CA-9 positive (P = 0.0008) head and neck malignant tumors. The presence of CA-9 in head and neck malignant tumors is associated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios Peridis
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hahnel A, Wichmann H, Kappler M, Kotzsch M, Vordermark D, Taubert H, Bache M. Effects of osteopontin inhibition on radiosensitivity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Radiat Oncol 2010; 5:82. [PMID: 20849637 PMCID: PMC2949679 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-5-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycophosphoprotein that is overexpressed in various tumors, and high levels of OPN have been associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. In patients with head and neck cancer, high OPN plasma levels have been associated with poor prognosis following radiotherapy. Since little is known about the relationship between OPN expression and radiosensitivity, we investigated the cellular and radiation induced effects of OPN siRNA in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with OPN-specific siRNAs and irradiated after 24 h. To verify the OPN knockdown, we measured the OPN mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the functional effects of OPN siRNAs were studied by assays to assess clonogenic survival, migration and induction of apoptosis. Results Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with OPN siRNAs resulted in an 80% decrease in the OPN mRNA level and in a decrease in extracellular OPN protein level. Transfection reduced clonogenic survival to 42% (p = 0.008), decreased the migration rate to 60% (p = 0.15) and increased apoptosis from 0.3% to 1.7% (p = 0.04). Combination of OPN siRNA and irradiation at 2 Gy resulted in a further reduction of clonogenic survival to 27% (p < 0.001), decreased the migration rate to 40% (p = 0.03) and increased apoptosis to 4% (p < 0.005). Furthermore, OPN knockdown caused a weak radiosensitization with an enhancement factor of 1.5 at 6 Gy (p = 0.09) and a dose modifying factor (DMF10) of 1.1. Conclusion Our results suggest that an OPN knockdown improves radiobiological effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Therefore, OPN seems to be an attractive target to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Hahnel
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Dryanderstr 4, 06110 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Use of multiple biological markers in radiotherapy-treated head and neck cancer. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2010; 124:650-8. [PMID: 20388242 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215110000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Management of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is often based on clinical parameters, with little appreciation of the underlying tumour biology. Single biological marker studies fail to acknowledge the complexity of these tumours. Our aim was to define a profile of biological markers associated with outcome. DESIGN This retrospective study involved consecutive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary radiotherapy between 1996 and 2001. Pre-treatment biopsies were used to study the immunohistochemical expression of nine biological markers. Markers were chosen to reflect biologically relevant pathways. RESULTS Following analysis of nine markers, a profile of two markers was derived (carbonic anhydrase 9 and major vault protein), the co-expression of which conferred a significantly poor probability of locoregional control. The prognostic effect of these biomarkers in combination was greater than their effect individually. CONCLUSION Biomarker profiles can be established which highlight large differences in locoregional control. Identifying tumours that express both carbonic anhydrase 9 and major vault protein may facilitate patient selection for more aggressive treatment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bache M, Kappler M, Wichmann H, Rot S, Hahnel A, Greither T, Said HM, Kotzsch M, Würl P, Taubert H, Vordermark D. Elevated tumor and serum levels of the hypoxia-associated protein osteopontin are associated with prognosis for soft tissue sarcoma patients. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:132. [PMID: 20377868 PMCID: PMC2856551 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) overexpression is correlated with a poor prognosis for tumor patients. However, only a few studies investigated the prognostic impact of expression of OPN in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) yet. METHODS This study is based on tumor and serum samples from 93 adult STS patients. We investigated OPN protein levels in serum (n = 86) and tumor tissue (n = 80) by ELISA and OPN mRNA levels in tumor tissue (n = 68) by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS No correlation was found between OPN levels in serum and tumor tissue. Moreover, an elevated OPN protein level in the serum was significantly associated with clinical parameters such as higher stage (p = 0.004), higher grade (p = 0.003), subtype (p = 0.002) and larger tumor size (p = 0.03). OPN protein levels in the tumor tissue were associated with higher stage (p = 0.06), higher grade (p = 0.003), subtype (p = 0.07) and an increased rate of relapse (p = 0.02). In addition, using a Cox's proportional hazards regression model, we found that an elevated OPN protein level in the serum and tumor tissue extracts is a significant negative prognostic factor for patients with STS. The relative risks of tumor-related death were 2.2 (p < 0.05) and 3.7 (p = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest OPN protein in serum as well as in tumor tissue extracts is an important prognostic factor for soft tissue sarcoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Taubert H, Heidenreich C, Holzhausen HJ, Schulz A, Bache M, Kappler M, Eckert AW, Würl P, Melcher I, Hauptmann K, Hauptmann S, Schaser KD. Expression of survivin detected by immunohistochemistry in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus is associated with prognosis of leiomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma patients. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:65. [PMID: 20181247 PMCID: PMC2850337 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis-protein family suppresses apoptosis and regulates cell division. It is strongly overexpressed in the vast majority of cancers. We were interested if survivin detected by immunohistochemistry has prognostic relevance especially for patients of the two soft tissue sarcoma entities leiomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma. Methods Tumors of leiomyosarcoma (n = 24) and synovial sarcoma patients (n = 26) were investigated for their expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry. Survivin expression was assessed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of tumor cells using an immunoreactive scoring system (IRS). Results We detected a survivin expression (IRS > 2) in the cytoplasm of 20 leiomyosarcomas and 22 synovial sarcomas and in the nucleus of 12 leiomyosarcomas and 9 synovial sarcomas, respectively. There was no significant difference between leiomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma samples in their cytoplasmic or nuclear expression of survivin. Next, all sarcoma patients were separated in four groups according to their survivin expression in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus: group 1: negative (IRS 0 to 2); group 2: weak (IRS 3 to 4); group 3: moderate (IRS 6 to 8); group 4: strong (IRS 9 to 12). In a multivariate Cox's regression hazard analysis survivin expression detected in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus was significantly associated with overall survival of patients in group 3 (RR = 5.7; P = 0.004 and RR = 5.7; P = 0.022, respectively) compared to group 2 (reference). Patients whose tumors showed both a moderate/strong expression of survivin in the cytoplasm and a moderate expression of survivin in the nucleus (in both compartments IRS ≥ 6) possessed a 24.8-fold increased risk of tumor-related death (P = 0.003) compared to patients with a weak expression of survivin both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Conclusion Survivin protein expression in the cytoplasma and in the nucleus detected by immunohistochemistry is significantly associated with prognosis of leiomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Taubert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle- Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Moeller BJ, Rana V, Cannon BA, Williams MD, Sturgis EM, Ginsberg LE, Macapinlac HA, Lee JJ, Ang KK, Chao KSC, Chronowski GM, Frank SJ, Morrison WH, Rosenthal DI, Weber RS, Garden AS, Lippman SM, Schwartz DL. Prospective imaging assessment of mortality risk after head-and-neck radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:667-74. [PMID: 20171802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal roles for imaging-based biomarkers in the management of head-and-neck cancer remain undefined. Unresolved questions include whether functional or anatomic imaging might improve mortality risk assessment for this disease. We addressed these issues in a prospective institutional trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety-eight patients with locally advanced pharyngolaryngeal squamous cell cancer were enrolled. Each underwent pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. Imaging parameters were correlated with survival outcomes. RESULTS Low post-radiation primary tumor FDG avidity correlated with improved survival on multivariate analysis; so too did complete primary tumor response by CT alone. Although both imaging modalities lacked sensitivity, each had high specificity and negative predictive value for disease-specific mortality risk assessment. Kaplan-Meier estimates confirmed that both CT and FDG-PET/CT stratify patients into distinct high- and low-probability survivorship groups on the basis of primary tumor response to radiotherapy. Subset analyses demonstrated that the prognostic value for each imaging modality was primarily derived from patients at high risk for local treatment failure (human papillomavirus [HPV]-negative disease, nonoropharyngeal primary disease, or tobacco use). CONCLUSIONS CT alone and FDG-PET/CT are potentially useful tools in head-and-neck cancer-specific mortality risk assessment after radiotherapy, particularly for selective use in cases of high-risk HPV-unrelated disease. Focus should be placed on corroboration and refinement of patient selection for imaging-based biomarkers in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Moeller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Contribution of hypoxia-measuring molecular imaging techniques to radiotherapy planning and treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 2010; 12:22-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-010-0462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Huchet A, Fernandez P, Allard M, Belkacémi Y, Maire JP, Trouette R, Eimer S, Tourdias T, Loiseau H. Imagerie moléculaire de l’hypoxie tumorale. Cancer Radiother 2009; 13:747-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
29
|
Eckert AW, Lautner MHW, Schütze A, Bolte K, Bache M, Kappler M, Schubert J, Taubert H, Bilkenroth U. Co-expression of Hif1alpha and CAIX is associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 39:313-7. [PMID: 19780905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the prognostic impact of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (Hif1alpha) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) detected by immunohistochemistry in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Statistical analysis of immunohistochemical results with clinical parameters including survival outcomes was performed for 80 OSCC patients. RESULTS Patients with a low expression of both proteins survived on average 54.8 months, whereas those with an increased expression of Hif1alpha in their tumors combined with a low expression of CAIX survived on average only 37.6 months (P = 0.026). In multivariate Cox's regression hazard analysis, again patients with a low expression of Hif1alpha/CAIX had the best prognosis, whereas patients with increased Hif1alpha and low CAIX expression carried a 4.97-fold increased risk of tumor-related death (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION A co-detection of low Hif1alpha/CAIX expression is significantly correlated with a better prognosis for OSCC patients, which may have implications for therapy options for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Eckert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rodemann HP. Molecular radiation biology: Perspectives for radiation oncology. Radiother Oncol 2009; 92:293-8. [PMID: 19726094 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess the value of carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX (CA IX) expression as a predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in rectal cancer treated by preoperative radio- or chemoradiotherapy or surgery only. Archival tumour samples from 166 patients were analysed for CA IX expression by three different evaluations: positive/negative, proportion of positivity and staining intensity. The results of immunohistochemical analysis were confirmed by demonstrating CA IX protein in western blotting analysis. Forty-four percent of the operative samples were CA IX positive, of these 34% had weak and 66% moderate/strong staining intensity. In univariate survival analysis, intensity of CA IX expression was a predictor of DFS (P=0.003) and DSS (P=0.034), both being markedly longer in tumours with negative or weakly positive staining. In multivariate Cox model, number of metastatic lymph nodes and CA IX intensity were the only independent predictors of DFS. Carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX intensity was the only independent predictor of DSS, with HR=9.2 for dying of disease with moderate-intense CA IX expression as compared with CA IX-negative/weak cases. Negative/weak CA IX staining intensity is an independent predictor of longer DFS and DSS in rectal cancer.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun X, Wei Y. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:261-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14653240902824765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Chien CY, Su CY, Chuang HC, Fang FM, Huang HY, Chen CM, Chen CH, Huang CC. Clinical significance of osteopontin expression in T1 and T2 tongue cancers. Head Neck 2008; 30:776-81. [PMID: 18228527 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is considered to be a tumor-related protein associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to study the clinical significance of OPN expression in T1 and T2 tongue cancers. RESULTS Positive OPN expression significantly correlated with higher tumor classification (T) (p = .004), positive nodal classification (N) (p < .001), greater tumor thickness (p < .001), and presence of tumor necrosis (p = .016), respectively. The unfavorable cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rate significantly correlated with positive OPN expression (p < .001), T2 (p = .024), positive N (p < .001), greater tumor thickness (p = .023), and positive tumor necrosis (p = .003). However, taking CD105 into consideration, only CD105 expression was the independent prognostic factor for survival by Cox's regression analysis. CONCLUSION Overexpression of OPN in the tumors implicated a more aggressive tumor behavior and was an important factor for survival. In addition, there might be relationship between OPN and CD105 expressions in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schrijvers M, van der Laan B, de Bock G, Pattje W, Mastik M, Menkema L, Langendijk J, Kluin P, Schuuring E, van der Wal J. Overexpression of Intrinsic Hypoxia Markers HIF1α and CA-IX Predict for Local Recurrence in Stage T1-T2 Glottic Laryngeal Carcinoma Treated With Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 72:161-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Vergis R, Corbishley CM, Norman AR, Bartlett J, Jhavar S, Borre M, Heeboll S, Horwich A, Huddart R, Khoo V, Eeles R, Cooper C, Sydes M, Dearnaley D, Parker C. Intrinsic markers of tumour hypoxia and angiogenesis in localised prostate cancer and outcome of radical treatment: a retrospective analysis of two randomised radiotherapy trials and one surgical cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9:342-51. [PMID: 18343725 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of intrinsic markers of tumour hypoxia and angiogenesis are important predictors of radiotherapeutic, and possibly surgical, outcome in several cancers. Extent of tumour hypoxia in localised prostate cancer is comparable to that in other cancers, but few data exist on the association of extent of tumour hypoxia with treatment outcome. We aimed to study the predictive value of intrinsic markers of tumour hypoxia and angiogenesis in localised prostate cancer, both in patients treated with radiotherapy and in those treated surgically. METHODS We applied a new, needle biopsy tissue microarray (TMA) technique to study diagnostic samples from men with localised, previously untreated prostate cancer treated in two randomised controlled trials of radiotherapy-dose escalation. Multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards was done to assess the association between clinical outcome, in terms of biochemical control, and immunohistochemical staining of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteopontin expression. The analysis was repeated on an independent series of men with localised, previously untreated prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. The main outcome was time to biochemical (ie, prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) failure. FINDINGS Between Oct 12, 1995, and Feb 5, 2002, 308 patients were identified from two prospective, randomised trials at the Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Sutton, UK, for the radiotherapy cohort and diagnostic biopsies were available for 201 of these patients. Between June 6, 1995, and Nov 4, 2005, 329 patients were identified from the Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark, for the prostatectomy cohort; of these, 40 patients were excluded because the tumour was too small to sample (19 patients), because the paraffin block was too thin (19 patients), or because the blocks were missing (two patients), leaving 289 patients for analysis. For patients treated with radiotherapy, increased staining for VEGF (p=0.008) and HIF-1 alpha (p=0.02) expression, but not increased osteopontin expression (p=0.978), were significant predictors of a shorter time to biochemical failure on multivariate analysis, independent of clinical tumour stage, Gleason score, serum PSA concentration, and dose of radiotherapy. For patients treated with surgery, increased staining for VEGF (p<0.0001) and HIF-1 alpha (p<0.0001) expression, and increased osteopontin expression (p=0.0005) were each significantly associated with a shorter time to biochemical failure on multivariate analysis, independent of pathological tumour stage, Gleason score, serum PSA concentration, and margin status. INTERPRETATION To our knowledge, this is the largest study of intrinsic markers of hypoxia and angiogenesis in relation to the outcome of radical treatment of localised prostate cancer. Increased expression of VEGF, HIF-1 alpha, and, for patients treated with surgery, osteopontin, identifies patients at high risk of biochemical failure who would be suitable for enrolment into trials of treatment intensification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Vergis
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Ogbureke KUE, Fisher LW, Fedarko NS. Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs): multifunctional proteins in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:212-26. [PMID: 18292776 PMCID: PMC2484121 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous components and pathways are involved in the complex interplay between cancer cells and their environment. The family of glycophosphoproteins comprising osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, dentin sialophosphoprotein and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein - small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) - are emerging as important players in many stages of cancer progression. From their detection in various human cancers to the demonstration of their key functional roles during malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis, the SIBLINGs are proteins with potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, University of Liege, Tour de Pathologie, -1, Bât. B23, Sart Tilman via 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silva P, Homer JJ, Slevin NJ, Musgrove BT, Sloan P, Price P, West CML. Clinical and biological factors affecting response to radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer: a review. Clin Otolaryngol 2008; 32:337-45. [PMID: 17883552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2007.01544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this article was to review the clinical and biological factors that have been shown to influence the response of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to primary radiotherapy and briefly discuss how some of these factors could be exploited to improve outcome. DESIGN Medline based search covering 1982-2006 to identify the HNSCC literature where the effect of clinical and biological factors on locoregional control and overall survival were investigated. RESULTS Clinical factors are routinely used in management decisions. Nevertheless, identically staged tumours receiving the same treatment may have different outcomes. Biological factors such as hypoxia, proliferation and radio-sensitivity play an important role in radiation response. However, these are not currently used in practise because tests that are clinically reliable and feasible are not available. CONCLUSION High-quality translational research will allow us to develop biological tests that can be used in routine clinical practise to tailor individual treatment, with the ability to improve patient outcome further by modifying the underlying tumour biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Silva
- Academic Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Le QT. Identifying and targeting hypoxia in head and neck cancer: a brief overview of current approaches. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69:S56-8. [PMID: 17848296 PMCID: PMC2276659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nordsmark M, Eriksen JG, Gebski V, Alsner J, Horsman MR, Overgaard J. Differential risk assessments from five hypoxia specific assays: The basis for biologically adapted individualized radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2007; 83:389-97. [PMID: 17499868 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia adversely relates with prognosis in human tumours. Five hypoxia specific predictive marker assays were compared and correlated with definitive radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-seven patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas were studied for pre-treatment plasma osteopontin measured by ELISA, tumour oxygenation status using pO(2) needle electrodes and tumour osteopontin, hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and carboxyanhydrase 9 (CA9) by immunohistochemistry. The primary treatment was radiotherapy and the hypoxic radiosensitizer nimorazole. Loco-regional tumour control was evaluated at 5 years. RESULTS All five markers showed inter-tumour variability. Inter-marker correlations were inconsistent. Only plasma osteopontin inversely correlated with median tumour pO(2), (p=0.02, r=0.28) and CA9 correlated with HIF-1alpha (p<0.01, r=0.45). In Kaplan-Meier analysis high plasma osteopontin, high HIF-1alpha and high proportion of tumour pO(2)2.5mmHg (HP(2.5)) related significantly with poorer loco-regional control, whereas CA9 and tumour osteopontin failed to predict loco-regional control in this set dataset. When analyzing Hb, stage, and the five markers by competing risks HP(2.5) was the strongest variable to predict for loco-regional tumour control. CONCLUSION There was diversity and lack of correlation among five different hypoxia assays within individual tumours. High plasma osteopontin, high HIF-1alpha and high proportion of tumour pO(2)2.5mmHg (HP(2.5)) related significantly with poorer loco-regional control, whereas CA9 and tumour OPN failed to predict local control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Nordsmark
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Said HM, Hagemann C, Staab A, Stojic J, Kühnel S, Vince GH, Flentje M, Roosen K, Vordermark D. Expression patterns of the hypoxia-related genes osteopontin, CA9, erythropoietin, VEGF and HIF-1alpha in human glioma in vitro and in vivo. Radiother Oncol 2007; 83:398-405. [PMID: 17524506 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To identify molecular markers of tumor hypoxia and potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma (GBM), we investigated the hypoxia-related expression of osteopontin (OPN), carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), erythropoietin (EPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in vitro in human GBM cell lines and in vivo in human tumor samples of GBM, compared to low-grade astrocytoma (LGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of the hypoxia-induced genes OPN, CA9, EPO, VEGF and HIF-1alpha was analyzed in three GBM cell lines, GaMG, U373 and U251, under in vitro hypoxia (1, 6 or 24h at 5%, 1% or 0.1% O(2)) and in tumor samples from two patient groups with LGA and GBM (n=15 each), at the mRNA level (semiquantitative RT-PCR). Selected conditions and representative tumor samples were also evaluated at the protein level by Western blot. RESULTS OPN and CA9 mRNA was most consistently upregulated in relation to severity and duration of in vitro hypoxia. In tumor samples, mean expression levels (LGA vs. GBM, normalized to mean expression in normal brain) were 1.71 vs. 4.57 (p<0.001) for OPN, 1.11 vs. 3.35 (p<0.001) for CA9, 2.79 vs. 5.28 (not significant, n.s.) for Epo, 1.13 vs. 2.0 (p=0.007) for VEGF and 0.97 vs. 0.97 (n.s.) for HIF-1alpha. In tumor samples, GBM showed a particularly strong protein expression of OPN. CONCLUSIONS Among a panel of known hypoxia-inducible genes, OPN and CA9 emerge as most consistently induced by in vitro hypoxia in human GBM cell lines and most specifically expressed in patient GBM tumor tissue, rendering these two genes attractive targets for hypoxia-directed treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harun M Said
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sørensen BS, Alsner J, Overgaard J, Horsman MR. Hypoxia induced expression of endogenous markers in vitro is highly influenced by pH. Radiother Oncol 2007; 83:362-6. [PMID: 17512623 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes such as carbonic anhydrase IX (Ca9), glucose transporter 1 (Glut1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), osteopontin (OPN) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) have been suggested as hypoxic markers, but inconsistent results suggest that factors other than oxygen influence their expression. The current study is a detailed investigation using a range of pH values from 6.3 to 7.5 in two human cell lines to establish the pH dependency of hypoxia induced gene expression. METHODS Human tumour cell lines (uterine cervix squamous cell carcinoma (SiHa) and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma [FaDu(DD)]) were used. Hypoxia was induced by gassing cells in airtight chambers with various oxygen concentrations (21%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01% and 0%) for up to 24h. The media were titrated to a range of pH values (7.5, 7.0, 6.7, 6.5 and 6.3). Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS In both SiHa and FaDu(DD) cells Ca9 and LOX reached the highest level of expression at 1% oxygen. In FaDu(DD) cells, a pH of 6.5 had a medium suppression effect on the hypoxia induced expression of Ca9. pH 6.3 resulted in severe suppression of expression for Ca9 and LOX in both SiHa and FaDu(DD). Glut1 and LDH-A had a similar expression pattern to each other, with a maximum expression at 0.01% oxygen, in both cell lines. For these genes pH 6.5 and 6.3 changed the expression pattern in SiHa cells. OPN was up regulated at low oxygen in SiHa cells, but was not induced by hypoxia in FaDu(DD) cells. CONCLUSION As tumour hypoxia occurs in a deprived microenvironment, other environmental factors, for example low pH, might interact with the effect of low oxygen concentration on gene expression. This study shows that pH in two cell lines has a profound influence on the oxygen dependent induction of certain endogenous hypoxic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brita Singers Sørensen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of locally advanced solid tumors, has emerged as a pivotal factor of the tumor (patho-)physiome since it can promote tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Hypoxia represents a "Janus face" in tumor biology because (a) it is associated with restrained proliferation, differentiation, necrosis or apoptosis, and (b) it can also lead to the development of an aggressive phenotype. Independent of standard prognostic factors, such as tumor stage and nodal status, hypoxia has been suggested as an adverse prognostic factor for patient outcome. Studies of tumor hypoxia involving the direct assessment of the oxygenation status have suggested worse disease-free survival for patients with hypoxic cervical cancers or soft tissue sarcomas. In head & neck cancers the studies suggest that hypoxia is prognostic for survival and local control. Technical limitations of the direct O(2) sensing technique have prompted the use of surrogate markers for tumor hypoxia, such as hypoxia-related endogenous proteins (e.g., HIF-1alpha, GLUT-1, CA IX) or exogenous bioreductive drugs. In many - albeit not in all - studies endogenous markers showed prognostic significance for patient outcome. The prognostic relevance of exogenous markers, however, appears to be limited. Noninvasive assessment of hypoxia using imaging techniques can be achieved with PET or SPECT detection of radiolabeled tracers or with MRI techniques (e.g., BOLD). Clinical experience with these methods regarding patient prognosis is so far only limited. In the clinical studies performed up until now, the lack of standardized treatment protocols, inconsistencies of the endpoints characterizing the oxygenation status and methodological differences (e.g., different immunohistochemical staining procedures) may compromise the power of the prognostic parameter used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vaupel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|