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Kos O, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Heumann D, Khatri I, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Yu K, Zähringer U, Gorczynski RM. Regulation of fetal hemoglobin expression during hematopoietic stem cell development and its importance in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:112-120. [PMID: 29477972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that an altered tissue redox environment in mice lacking either murine beta Hemoglobin major (HgbβmaKO) or minor (HgbβmiKO) regulates inflammation. The REDOX environment in marrow stem cell niches also control differentiation pathways. We investigated osteoclastogenesis (OC)/osteoblastogenesis (OB), in bone cultures derived from untreated or FSLE-treated WT, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO mice. Marrow mesenchymal cells from 10d pre-cultures were incubated on an osteogenic matrix for 21d prior to analysis of inflammatory cytokine release into culture supernatants, and relative OC:OB using (TRAP:BSP, RANKL:OPG) mRNA expression ratios and TRAP or Von Kossa staining. Cells from WT and HgbβmaKO mice show decreased IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 production and enhanced osteoblastogenesis with altered mRNA expression ratios and increased bone nodules (Von Kossa staining) in vitro after in vivo stimulation of mRNA expression of fetal Hgb genes (Hgbε and Hgbβmi) by a fetal liver extract (FSLE). Marrow from HgbβmiKO showed enhanced cytokine release and preferential enhanced osteoclastogenesis relative to similar cells from WT or HgbβmaKO mice, with no increased osteoblastogenesis after mouse treatment with FSLE. Pre-treatment of WT or HgbβmaKO, but not HgbβmiKO mice, with other molecules (rapamycin; hydroxyurea) which increase expression of fetal Hgb genes also augmented osteoblastogenesis and decreased cytokine production in cells differentiating in vitro. Infusion of rabbit anti- Hgbε or anti- Hgbβmi, but not anti-Hgbα or anti- Hgbβma into WT mice from day 13 gestation for 3 weeks led to attenuated osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. We conclude that increased fetal hemoglobin expression, or use of agents which improve fetal hemoglobin expression, increases osteoblast bone differentiation in association with decreased inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Heumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - T Waelli
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - K Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zähringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Analysis of cytokine immune response profile in response to inflammatory stimuli in mice with genetic defects in fetal and adult hemoglobin chain expression. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:546-555. [PMID: 29302041 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-017-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Injections of a crude fetal sheep liver extract (FSLE) containing fetal hemoglobin, MPLA, and glutathione (GSSH) reversed cytokine changes in aged mice. To investigate the role of fetal hemoglobin we derived mice with homzygous deletions for either of the two major βchains, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO. Hgbβmi is the most prominent fetal Hgbβ chain, with Hgbβma more prominent in adult mice. Mice lacking another fetal Hgb chain, HgbεKO, died in utero. CHO cells transfected with cloned Hgb chains were used to produce proteins for preparation of rabbit heteroantibodes. Splenocytes from HgbβmaKO mice stimulated in vitro with Conconavalin A showed a higher IL-2:IL-4 ratio than cells from HgbβmiKO mice. Following immunization in vivo with ovalbumin in alum, HgbβmaKO mice produced less IgE than HgbβmiKO mice, suggesting that in the absence of HgbβmiKO mice had a predeliction to heightened allergic-type responses. Using CHO cells transfected with cloned Hgb chains, we found that only the fetal Hgb chain, Hgbε, was secreted at high levels. Secretion of Hgbβma or Hgbβmi chains was seen only after genetic mutation to introduce the two N-linked glycosylation sites present in Hgbε, but absent in the Hgbβ chains. We speculated that a previously unanticipated biological function of a naturally secreted fetal Hgb chain may be partly responsible for the effects reported following injection of animals with fetal, not adult, Hgb. Mice receiving injections of rabbit anti-Hgbε but not either anti-Hgbβma or anti-Hgbβmi from day 14 gestation also showed a bias towards the higher IL-2:IL-4 ratios seen in HgbβmiKO mice.
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Gorczynski R, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Neumann D, Mach J, Rietschel E, Tersikh A, Ulmer A, Yu K, Zahringer U, Khatri I. An altered REDOX environment, assisted by over-expression of fetal hemoglobins, protects from inflammatory colitis and reduces inflammatory cytokine expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ulmer AJ, Kaconis Y, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Alexander C, Rietschel ET, Mach JP, Gorczynski RM, Heini A, Rössle M, Richter W, Gutsmann T, Brandenburg K. Enhancing actions of peptides derived from the γ-chain of fetal human hemoglobin on the immunostimulant activities of monophosphoryl lipid A. Innate Immun 2016; 22:168-80. [PMID: 26921253 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916632304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin and its structures have been described since the 1990s to enhance a variety of biological activities of endotoxins (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the interaction processes in more detail, the system was extended by studying the interactions of newly designed peptides from the γ-chain of human hemoglobin with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a partial structure of lipid A lacking its 1-phosphate. It was found that some selected Hbg peptides, in particular two synthetic substructures designated Hbg32 and Hbg35, considerably increased the bioactivity of MPLA, which alone was only a weak activator of immune cells. These findings hold true for human mononuclar cells, monocytes and T lymphocytes. To understand the mechanisms of action in more detail, biophysical techniques were applied. These showed a peptide-induced change of the MPLA aggregate structure from multilamellar into a non-lamellar, probably inverted, cubic structure. Concomitantly, the peptides incorporated into the tightly packed MPLA aggregates into smaller units down to monomers. The fragmentation of the aggregates was an endothermic process, differing from a complex formation but rather typical for a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur J Ulmer
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Yani Kaconis
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Alexander
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Institute de Biochemie, University de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manfred Rössle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Richter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
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Patent Highlights. Pharm Pat Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.14.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development
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Khatri I, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Ulmer AJ, Terzioglu E, Waelli T, Gorczynski RM. Induction of tolerogenic vs immunogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF is regulated by the strength of signaling from monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) in association with glutathione and fetal hemoglobin gamma-chain. Immunol Lett 2009; 124:44-9. [PMID: 19379773 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed a fetal sheep liver extract (FSLE), in association with monophosphoryl lipid A, MPLA (a bioactive component of lipid A of LPS), could interact to induce the development of dendritic cells (DCs) which regulated production of Foxp3+ Treg. This interaction was associated with an altered gene expression both of distinct subsets of TLRs and of CD200Rs. Prior studies had suggested that major interacting components within FSLE were gamma-chain of fetal hemoglobin (Hgbgamma) and glutathione (GSH). We investigated whether differentiation/maturation of DCs in vitro in the presence of either GM-CSF or Flt3L to produce preferentially either immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs was itself controlled by an interaction between MPLA, GSH and Hgbgamma. At low (approximately 10 microg/ml) Hgbgamma concentrations, DCs developing in culture with GSH and MPLA produced optimal stimulation of allogeneic CTL cell responses in vitro (and enhanced skin graft rejection in vivo). At higher concentrations (>40 microg/ml Hgbgamma) and equivalent concentrations of MPLA and GSH, the DCs induce populations of Treg which can suppress the induction of allogeneic CTL and graft rejection in vivo. These different populations of DCs express different patterns of mRNAs for the CD200R family. Addition of anti-TLR or anti-MD-1 mAbs to DCs developing in this mixture (Hgbgamma+GSH+MPLA), suggests that one effect of (GSH+Hgbgamma) on MPLA stimulation may involve altered signaling through TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismat Khatri
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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Khatri I, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Lee L, Mach J, Rietschel E, Ulmer A, Waelli T, Gorczynski R. A role for altered TLR gene expression in association with increased expression of CD200R in the induction of mucosal tissue CD4+ Treg in aged mice following gavage with a liver extract along with intramuscular monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) injection. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:771-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bodet C, Chandad F, Grenier D. Hemoglobin and LPS act in synergy to amplify the inflammatory response. J Dent Res 2007; 86:878-82. [PMID: 17720859 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disruption and bleeding during periodontitis likely increase the levels of hemoglobin in gingival crevicular fluid. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hemoglobin on the inflammatory responses of human macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from periodontopathogens. The production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages following challenges with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum LPS in the presence or absence of human hemoglobin was analyzed by ELISA. The effect of hemoglobin on LPS-binding to macrophages was evaluated with (3)H-LPS. Hemoglobin and LPS from periodontopathogens acted in synergy to stimulate the production of high levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha by macrophages. Hemoglobin also enhanced LPS-binding to macrophages. This study suggests that hemoglobin contributes to increases in the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in periodontal sites by acting in synergy with LPS from periodontopathogens, thus favoring the progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodet
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Gorczynski RM, Alexander C, Bessler W, Brandenburg K, Fournier K, Mach JP, Mueller S, Rietschel ET, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Zahringer U, Khatri I. An alteration in the levels of populations of CD4+ Treg is in part responsible for altered cytokine production by cells of aged mice which follows injection with a fetal liver extract. Immunol Lett 2007; 109:101-12. [PMID: 17339055 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously that a fetal sheep liver extract (FSLE) containing significant quantities of fetal ovine gamma globin chain (Hbgamma) and LPS injected into aged (>20 months) mice could reverse the altered polarization (increased IL-4 and IL-10 with decreased IL-2 and IFNgamma) in cytokine production seen from ConA stimulated lymphoid cells of those mice. The mechanism(s) behind this change in cytokine production were not previously investigated. We report below that aged mice show a >60% decline in numbers and suppressive function of both CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg and so-called Tr3 (CD4(+)TGFbeta(+)), and that their number/function is restored to levels seen in control (8-week-old) mice by FSLE. In addition, on a per cell basis, CD4(+)CD25(-)Treg from aged mice were >4-fold more effective in suppression of proliferation and IL-2 production from ConA-activated lymphoid cells of a pool of CD4(+)CD25(-)T cells from 8-week-old mice than similar cells from young animals, and this suppression by CD25(-)T cells was also ameliorated following FSLE treatment. Infusion of anti-TGFbeta and anti-IL-10 antibodies in vivo altered Treg development following FSLE treatment, and attenuated FSLE-induced alterations in cytokine production profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorczynski
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ONT, Canada.
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