1
|
Vakili B, Karami-Darehnaranji M, Mirzaei E, Hosseini F, Nezafat N. Graphene oxide as novel vaccine adjuvant. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111062. [PMID: 37866317 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
To improve antigen immunogenicity and promote long-lasting immunity, vaccine formulations have been appropriately supplemented with adjuvants. Graphene has been found to enhance the presentation of antigens to CD8+ T cells, as well as stimulating innate immune responses and inflammatory factors. Its properties, such as large surface area, water stability, and high aspect ratio, make it a suitable candidate for delivering biological substances. Graphene-based nanomaterials have recently attracted significant attention as a new type of vaccine adjuvants due to their potential role in the activation of immune responses. Due to the limited functionality of some approved human adjuvants for use, the development of new all-purpose adjuvants is urgently required. Research on the immunological and biomedical use of graphene oxide (GO) indicates that these nanocarriers possess excellent physicochemical properties, acceptable biocompatibility, and a high capacity for drug loading. Graphene-based nanocarriers also could improve the function of some immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages through specific signaling pathways. However, GO injection can lead to significant oxidative stress and inflammation. Various surface functionalization protocols have been employed to reduce possible adverse effects of GO, such as aggregation of GO in biological liquids and induce cell death. Furthermore, these modifications enhance the properties of functionalized-GO's qualities, making it an excellent carrier and adjuvant. Shedding light on different physicochemical and structural properties of GO and its derivatives has led to their application in various therapeutic and drug delivery fields. In this review, we have endeavored to elaborate on different aspects of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vakili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Karami-Darehnaranji
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hosseini
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Computational Vaccine and Drug Design Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bartoli M, Piatti E, Tagliaferro A. A Short Review on Nanostructured Carbon Containing Biopolymer Derived Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1567. [PMID: 36987346 PMCID: PMC10056897 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new scaffolds and materials for tissue engineering is a wide and open realm of material science. Among solutions, the use of biopolymers represents a particularly interesting area of study due to their great chemical complexity that enables creation of specific molecular architectures. However, biopolymers do not exhibit the properties required for direct application in tissue repair-such as mechanical and electrical properties-but they do show very attractive chemical functionalities which are difficult to produce through in vitro synthesis. The combination of biopolymers with nanostructured carbon fillers could represent a robust solution to enhance composite properties, producing composites with new and unique features, particularly relating to electronic conduction. In this paper, we provide a review of the field of carbonaceous nanostructure-containing biopolymer composites, limiting our investigation to tissue-engineering applications, and providing a complete overview of the recent and most outstanding achievements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bartoli
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies (CSFT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Erik Piatti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Homem NC, Miranda C, Teixeira MA, Teixeira MO, Domingues JM, Seibert D, Antunes JC, Amorim MTP, Felgueiras HP. Graphene oxide-based platforms for wound dressings and drug delivery systems: A 10 year overview. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells with Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Affect Cancer Progression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:20. [PMID: 34327598 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sole nanomaterials or nanomaterials bound to specific biomolecules have been proposed to regulate the immune system. These materials have now emerged as new tools for eliciting immune-based therapies to treat various cancers. Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) are the latest nanomaterials among other carbon nanotubes that have attracted wide interest among medical industry players due to their extraordinary properties, inert-state, non-toxic and stable dispersion in a various solvent. Currently, GO and rGO are utilized in various biomedical application including cancer immunotherapy. This review will highlight studies that have been carried out in elucidating the stimulation of GO and rGO on selected innate and adaptive immune cells and their effect on cancer progression to shed some insights for researchers in the development of various GO- and rGO-based immune therapies against various cancers.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao W, He L, Cao W, Huang X, Jia K, Dai J. Recent progress of graphene oxide as a potential vaccine carrier and adjuvant. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:14-28. [PMID: 32531395 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine is one of the most effective strategies for preventing and controlling infectious diseases and some noninfectious diseases, especially cancers. Adjuvants and carriers have been appropriately added to the vaccine formulation to improve the immunogenicity of the antigen and induce long-lasting immunity. However, there is an urgent need to develop new all-purpose adjuvants because some adjuvants approved for human use have limited functionality. Graphene oxide (GO), widely employed for the delivery of biomolecules, excels in loading and delivering antigen and shows the potentiality of activating the immune system. However, GO aggregates in biological liquid and induces cell death, and it also exhibits poor biosolubility and biocompatibility. To address these limitations, various surface modification protocols have been employed to integrate aqueous compatible substances with GO to effectively improve its biocompatibility. More importantly, these modifications render functionalized-GO with superior properties as both carriers and adjuvants. Herein, the recent progress of physicochemical properties and surface modification strategies of GO for its application as both carriers and adjuvants is reviewed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to its unique physicochemical properties, graphene oxide is widely employed in medicine for purposes of photothermal treatment of cancer, drug delivery, antibacterial therapy, and medical imaging. Our work describes the surface modification of graphene oxide and for the first time summarizes that functionalized graphene oxide serves as a vaccine carrier and shows significant adjuvant activity in activating cellular and humoral immunity. In the future, it is expected to be introduced into vaccine research to improve the efficacy of vaccines.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan X, Ma B, You X, Chen S, Wu J, Wang T, Walton SF, Yuan J, Wu X, Chen G, Wang Y, Ni G, Liu X. Synthesized natural peptides from amphibian skin secretions increase the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine by recruiting more T cells to the tumour site. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:163. [PMID: 31277636 PMCID: PMC6612097 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Therapeutic vaccines against cervical cancer remain ineffective. Previously, we demonstrated that blocking the signalling of a cytokine, interleukin 10, at the time of immunisation elicited significantly higher numbers of antigen specific T cells and inhibited tumour growth in mice. Results In the current paper, we demonstrate, in a HPV16 E6/E7 transformed TC-1 tumour mouse model, that despite increased antigen specific T cell numbers, blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunisation does not increase the survival time of the TC-1 tumour bearing mice compared to mice receiving the same immunisation with no IL-10 signalling blockade. Moreover, the function of tumour infiltrating T cells isolated 3 weeks post TC-1 transplantation is more suppressed than those isolated 2 weeks after tumour inoculation. We demonstrate that synthesized caerin peptides, derived from amphibian skin secretions, 1) were able to inhibit TC-1 tumour growth both in vitro and in vivo; 2) are environmentally stable; and 3) promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory interlukine-6 by TC-1 cells. Notably caerin peptides were able to increase the survival time of TC-1 tumour bearing mice after therapeutic vaccination with a HPV16E7 peptide-based vaccine containing IL-10 inhibitor, via recruiting increased levels of T cells to the tumour site. Conclusion Caerin peptides increase the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine by recruiting more T cells to the tumour site.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Poplawska M, Grudzinski IP. Nanocomposites as biomolecules delivery agents in nanomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:48. [PMID: 30943985 PMCID: PMC6448271 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are atomic clusters of crystalline or amorphous structure that possess unique physical and chemical properties associated with a size range of between 1 and 100 nm. Their nano-sized dimensions, which are in the same range as those of vital biomolecules, such as antibodies, membrane receptors, nucleic acids, and proteins, allow them to interact with different structures within living organisms. Because of these features, numerous nanoparticles are used in medicine as delivery agents for biomolecules. However, off-target drug delivery can cause serious side effects to normal tissues and organs. Considering this issue, it is essential to develop bioengineering strategies to significantly reduce systemic toxicity and improve therapeutic effect. In contrast to passive delivery, nanosystems enable to obtain enhanced therapeutic efficacy, decrease the possibility of drug resistance, and reduce side effects of "conventional" therapy in cancers. The present review provides an overview of the most recent (mostly last 3 years) achievements related to different biomolecules used to enable targeting capabilities of highly diverse nanoparticles. These include monoclonal antibodies, receptor-specific peptides or proteins, deoxyribonucleic acids, ribonucleic acids, [DNA/RNA] aptamers, and small molecules such as folates, and even vitamins or carbohydrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Poplawska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Applied Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Joshi K, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Bora NS, Goyary D, Karmakar S. Graphene Family of Nanomaterials: Reviewing Advanced Applications in Drug delivery and Medicine. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:195-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181031162208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene in nano form has proven to be one of the most remarkable materials. It has a single
atom thick molecular structure and it possesses exceptional physical strength, electrical and electronic
properties. Applications of the Graphene Family of Nanomaterials (GFNs) in different fields of therapy
have emerged, including for targeted drug delivery in cancer, gene delivery, antimicrobial therapy, tissue
engineering and more recently in more diseases including HIV. This review seeks to analyze current
advances of potential applications of graphene and its family of nano-materials for drug delivery and
other major biomedical purposes. Moreover, safety and toxicity are the major roadblocks preventing the
use of GFNs in therapeutics. This review intends to analyze the safety and biocompatibility of GFNs
along with the discussion on the latest techniques developed for toxicity reduction and biocompatibility
enhancement of GFNs. This review seeks to evaluate how GFNs in future will serve as biocompatible
and useful biomaterials in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Ge X, Cui C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Sun Q. Preparation and Characterization of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Carrier for siRNA Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103202. [PMID: 30336549 PMCID: PMC6214041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful siRNA delivery system is dependent on the development of a good siRNA carrier. Graphene oxide (GO) has gained great attention as a promising nanocarrier in recent years. It has been reported that GO could be used to deliver a series of drugs including synthetic compounds, proteins, antibodies, and genes. Our previous research indicated that functionalized GO could deliver siRNA into tumor cells and induce a gene silencing effect, to follow up the research, in this research, GO-R8/cRGDfV(GRcR) was designed and prepared for VEGF-siRNA delivery as a novel carrier. The Zeta potential and particle size of the new designed GRcR carrier was measured at (29.46 ± 5.32) mV and (135.7 ± 3.3) nm respectively, and after transfection, the VEGF mRNA level and protein expression level were down-regulated by 48.22% (p < 0.01) and 38.3% (p < 0.01) in HeLa cells, respectively. The fluorescent images of the treated BALB/c nude mice revealed that GRcR/VEGF-siRNA could conduct targeted delivery of VEGF-siRNA into tumor tissues and showed a gene silencing effect as well as a tumor growth inhibitory effect (p < 0.01) in vivo. Further studies showed that GRcR/VEGF-siRNA could effectively inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF expression. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated that GRcR/VEGF-siRNA could inhibit tumor tissue growth effectively and have anti-angiogenesis activity, which was the result of VEGF protein downregulation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that GRcR/VEGF-siRNA could be used as an ideal nonviral tumor-targeting vector for VEGF-siRNA delivery in gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xu Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Chunying Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang B, Su X, Liang J, Yang L, Hu Q, Shan X, Wan J, Hu Z. Synthesis of polymer-functionalized nanoscale graphene oxide with different surface charge and its cellular uptake, biosafety and immune responses in Raw264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 90:514-522. [PMID: 29853120 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) has superior properties such as large surface area, extraordinary mechanical strength, high carrier mobility, good stability in physiological media and low cytotoxicity, making it an attractive material for drug and gene delivery. Herein, we successfully synthesized GO with an average size of 168.3 nm by a modified Hummers' method. Branched polyethylenimine (PEI) and 6-armed polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized GO complexes (GO-PEI and GO-PEG) with different zeta potentials of 47.2 mV and -43.0 mV, respectively, were successfully synthesized through amide linkages between the COOH groups of GO and the NH2 groups of PEI and PEG. Then, the interactions between GO-PEI and GO-PEG complexes and Raw264.7 mouse monocyte-macrophage cells were investigated. The GO-PEI and GO-PEG complexes could both be internalized by Raw264.7 cells. However, compared with the GO-PEG complex, the GO-PEI complex showed higher intracellular delivery efficiency in Raw264.7 cells. Moreover, it was found that the GO-PEI complex not only gathered in endosomes but also in the cytoplasm, whereas GO-PEG gathered in endosomes only. The MTT tests showed that both GO-PEI and GO-PEG complexes exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards Raw264.7 cells when at a low concentration. The cellular immune response test demonstrated the GO-PEG complex enhanced the secretion of IL-6, illustrating it was more stimulus towards macrophage cells. The above results indicated that the GO-PEI complex, with a positive surface charge, demonstrated better potential to be used in effective drug and gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Su
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junlong Liang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qinli Hu
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junmin Wan
- Department of Polymer Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ni G, Wang T, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Wei MQ. Combining anaerobic bacterial oncolysis with vaccination that blocks interleukin-10 signaling may achieve better outcomes for late stage cancer management. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:599-606. [PMID: 26367244 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1089008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage solid tumors cause significant cancer mortality rates worldwide and effective therapy remains a big challenge. Cancer therapeutic vaccines elicit tumor specific T cells that kill tumor cells yet often fail to result in tumor destruction because of the limited T cell response and the local immune-suppressive environment. Blocking interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling at the time of therapeutic vaccination elicits much stronger T cell responses than vaccination without IL-10 blocking. Anaerobic oncolytic bacteria target hypoxic regions of the late stage tumor tissues which not only stops tumor growth but also provides a pro-inflammatory environment that may increase the effectiveness of a therapeutic vaccine by recruiting more effector T cells to tumor site. In this review, we argue that combining both bacterial and vaccine therapies may improve the efficiency of late stage cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Ni
- a School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia.,d Tangshan Supervision Institute of Health , Tangshan , China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- c Genecology Research Center, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , QLD , Australia
| | - Lin Yang
- f Department of Surgical Oncology , Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Yuejian Wang
- e Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- b Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , QLD , Australia.,e Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Q Wei
- a School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang H, Lovell JF. Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Theranostics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1603524. [PMID: 28824357 PMCID: PMC5560626 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201603524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials have been explored extensively as agents for therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e. theranostic) applications. Research efforts have shifted from exploring new materials in vitro to designing materials that function in more relevant animal disease models, thereby increasing potential for clinical translation. Current interests include non-invasive imaging of diseases, biomarkers and targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, we discuss some general design considerations of advanced theranostic materials and challenges of their use, from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Common classes of nanoscale biomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and organic dye-based nanoparticles, have demonstrated potential for both diagnosis and therapy. Variations such as size control and surface modifications can modulate biocompatibility and interactions with target tissues. The needs for improved disease detection and enhanced chemotherapeutic treatments, together with realistic considerations for clinically translatable nanomaterials will be key driving factors for theranostic agent research in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Orecchioni M, Ménard-Moyon C, Delogu LG, Bianco A. Graphene and the immune system: Challenges and potentiality. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:163-175. [PMID: 27235665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the growing area of nanomedicine, graphene-based materials (GBMs) are some of the most recent explored nanomaterials. For the majority of GBM applications in nanomedicine, the immune system plays a fundamental role. It is necessary to well understand the complexity of the interactions between GBMs, the immune cells, and the immune components and how they could be of advantage for novel effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, we aimed at painting the current picture of GBMs in the background of the immune system. The picture we have drawn looks like a cubist image, a sort of Picasso-like portrait looking at the topic from all perspectives: the challenges (due to the potential toxicity) and the potentiality like the conjugation of GBMs to biomolecules to develop advanced nanomedicine tools. In this context, we have described and discussed i) the impact of graphene on immune cells, ii) graphene as immunobiosensor, and iii) antibodies conjugated to graphene for tumor targeting. Thanks to the huge advances on graphene research, it seems realistic to hypothesize in the near future that some graphene immunoconjugates, endowed of defined immune properties, can go through preclinical test and be successfully used in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Orecchioni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et de Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Graphene in therapeutics delivery: Problems, solutions and future opportunities. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:235-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
15
|
Meng C, Zhi X, Li C, Li C, Chen Z, Qiu X, Ding C, Ma L, Lu H, Chen D, Liu G, Cui D. Graphene Oxides Decorated with Carnosine as an Adjuvant To Modulate Innate Immune and Improve Adaptive Immunity in Vivo. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2203-2213. [PMID: 26766427 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current studies have revealed the immune effects of graphene oxide (GO) and have utilized them as vaccine carriers and adjuvants. However, GO easily induces strong oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction at the site of injection. It is very necessary to develop an alternative adjuvant based on graphene oxide derivatives for improving immune responses and decreasing side effects. Carnosine (Car) is an outstanding and safe antioxidant. Herein, the feasibility and efficiency of ultrasmall graphene oxide decorated with carnosine as an alternative immune adjuvant were explored. OVA@GO-Car was prepared by simply mixing ovalbumin (OVA, a model antigen) with ultrasmall GO covalently modified with carnosine (GO-Car). We investigated the immunological properties of the GO-Car adjuvant in model mice. Results show that OVA@GO-Car can promote robust and durable OVA-specific antibody response, increase lymphocyte proliferation efficiency, and enhance CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cell activation. The presence of Car in GO also probably contributes to enhancing the antigen-specific adaptive immune response through modulating the expression of some cytokines, including IL-6, CXCL1, CCL2, and CSF3. In addition, the safety of GO-Car as an adjuvant was evaluated comprehensively. No symptoms such as allergic response, inflammatory redness swelling, raised surface temperatures, physiological anomalies of blood, and remarkable weight changes were observed. Besides, after modification with carnosine, histological damages caused by GO-Car in lung, muscle, kidney, and spleen became weaken significantly. This study sufficiently suggest that GO-Car as a safe adjuvant can effectively enhance humoral and innate immune responses against antigens in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Zongyan Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao F, Gao C, He S, Wang Q, Wu A. Label-free electrochemical lead (II) aptasensor using thionine as the signaling molecule and graphene as signal-enhancing platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:15-22. [PMID: 26913503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A label-free and highly sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for Pb(2+) was constructed using thionine (TH) as the signaling molecule and graphene (GR) as the signal-enhancing platform. The electrochemical sensing interface was fabricated by stepwise assembly of GR and TH on the lead (II) specific aptamer (LSA) modified electrode. Upon interaction with Pb(2+), the aptamer probe on the sensor underwent conformational switch from a single-stranded DNA form to the G-quadruplex structure, causing the GR with assembled TH released from the electrode surface into solution. As a result, the electrochemical signal of TH on the aptasensor was substantially reduced. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the attenuation of peak currents presented a good linear relationship with the logarithm of Pb(2+) concentrations over the range from 1.6×10(-13) to 1.6×10(-10)M. The detection limit was estimated to be 3.2×10(-14)M. The aptasensor also exhibited good regenerability, excellent selectivity, and acceptable reproducibility, indicating promising application in environment monitoring of lead.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Cai Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Suyu He
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| | - Qingxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China.
| | - Aiqun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu L, Xiang J, Liu Y, Xu J, Luo Y, Feng L, Liu Z, Peng R. Functionalized graphene oxide serves as a novel vaccine nano-adjuvant for robust stimulation of cellular immunity. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3785-95. [PMID: 26814441 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09208f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from their unique physicochemical properties, graphene derivatives have attracted great attention in biomedicine. In this study, we carefully engineered graphene oxide (GO) as a vaccine adjuvant for immunotherapy using urease B (Ure B) as the model antigen. Ure B is a specific antigen for Helicobacter pylori, which is a class I carcinogen for gastric cancer. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and various types of polyethylenimine (PEI) were used as coating polymers. Compared with single-polymer modified GOs (GO-PEG and GO-PEI), certain dual-polymer modified GOs (GO-PEG-PEI) can act as a positive modulator to promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance their cytokine secretion through the activation of multiple toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways while showing low toxicity. Moreover, this GO-PEG-PEI can serve as an antigen carrier to effectively shuttle antigens into DCs. These two advantages enable GO-PEG-PEI to serve as a novel vaccine adjuvant. In the subsequent in vivo experiments, compared with free Ure B and clinically used aluminum-adjuvant-based vaccine (Alum-Ure B), GO-PEG-PEI-Ure B induces stronger cellular immunity via intradermal administration, suggesting promising applications in cancer immunotherapy. Our work not only presents a novel, highly effective GO-based vaccine nano-adjuvant, but also highlights the critical roles of surface chemistry for the rational design of nano-adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligeng Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thompson BC, Murray E, Wallace GG. Graphite Oxide to Graphene. Biomaterials to Bionics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7563-7582. [PMID: 25914294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of implantable biomaterials has revolutionized medical treatment, allowing the development of the fields of tissue engineering and medical bionic devices (e.g., cochlea implants to restore hearing, vagus nerve stimulators to control Parkinson's disease, and cardiac pace makers). Similarly, future materials developments are likely to continue to drive development in treatment of disease and disability, or even enhancing human potential. The material requirements for implantable devices are stringent. In all cases they must be nontoxic and provide appropriate mechanical integrity for the application at hand. In the case of scaffolds for tissue regeneration, biodegradability in an appropriate time frame may be required, and for medical bionics electronic conductivity is essential. The emergence of graphene and graphene-family composites has resulted in materials and structures highly relevant to the expansion of the biomaterials inventory available for implantable medical devices. The rich chemistries available are able to ensure properties uncovered in the nanodomain are conveyed into the world of macroscopic devices. Here, the inherent properties of graphene, along with how graphene or structures containing it interface with living cells and the effect of electrical stimulation on nerves and cells, are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna C Thompson
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Eoin Murray
- Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dudek I, Skoda M, Jarosz A, Szukiewicz D. The Molecular Influence of Graphene and Graphene Oxide on the Immune System Under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:195-215. [PMID: 26502273 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene oxide (GO), due to their physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, can be used as an innovative biomedical material in biodetection, drug distribution in the body, treating neoplasms, regenerative medicine, and in implant surgery. Research on the biomedical use of graphene and GO that has been carried out until now is very promising and shows that carbon nanomaterials present high biocompatibility. However, the intolerance of the immune system to graphene nanomaterials, however low, may in consequence make it impossible to use them in medicine. This paper shows the specific mechanism of the molecular influence of graphene and GO on macrophages and lymphocytes under in vitro and in vivo conditions and their practical application in medicine. Under in vitro conditions graphene and GO cause an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, as a result of the activation of Toll-like receptors in macrophages. Graphene activates apoptosis in macrophages through the TGFbr/Smad/Bcl-2 pathway and also through JNK kinases that are stimulated by an increase of ROS in the cell or through a signal received by Smad proteins. Under in vivo conditions, graphene nanomaterials induce the development of the local inflammatory reaction and the development of granulomas in parenchymal organs. However, there is a huge discrepancy between the results obtained by different research groups, which requires a detailed analysis. In this work we decided to collect and analyze existing research and tried to explain the discrepancies. Understanding the precise mechanism of how this nanomaterial influences immune system cells allows estimating the potential influence of grapheme and GO on the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Dudek
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Skoda
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jarosz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He Q, Guo S, Qian Z, Chen X. Development of individualized anti-metastasis strategies by engineering nanomedicines. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6258-6286. [PMID: 26056688 PMCID: PMC4540626 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00511b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is deadly and also tough to treat as it is much more complicated than the primary tumour. Anti-metastasis approaches available so far are far from being optimal. A variety of nanomedicine formulae provide a plethora of opportunities for developing new strategies and means for tackling metastasis. It should be noted that individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines are different from common anti-cancer nanomedicines as they specifically target different populations of malignant cells. This review briefly introduces the features of the metastatic cascade, and proposes a series of nanomedicine-based anti-metastasis strategies aiming to block each metastatic step. Moreover, we also concisely introduce the advantages of several promising nanoparticle platforms and their potential for constructing state-of-the-art individualized anti-metastatic nanomedicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianjun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shengrong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Substance P mediates pro-inflammatory cytokine release form mesenteric adipocytes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:420-432. [PMID: 26543894 PMCID: PMC4629258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Substance P (SP), neurokinin-1 receptors (NK-1Rs) are expressed in mesenteric preadipocytes and SP binding activates proinflammatory signalling in these cells. We evaluated the expression levels of SP (Tac-1), NK-1R (Tacr-1), and NK-2R (Tacr-2) mRNA in preadipocytes isolated from patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and examined their responsiveness to SP compared to control human mesenteric preadipocytes. The Aim of our study is to investigate the effects of the neuropeptide SP on cytokine expression in preadipocytes of IBD vs control patients and evaluate the potential effects of these cells on IBD pathophysiology via SP-NK-R interactions. METHODS Mesenteric fat was collected from control, Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients (n=10-11 per group). Preadipocytes were isolated, expanded in culture and exposed to substance P. Colon biopsies were obtained from control and IBD patients. RESULTS Tacr-1 and -2 mRNA were increased in IBD preadipocytes compared to controls, while Tac-1 mRNA was increased only in UC preadipocytes. SP differentially regulated the expression of inflammatory mediators in IBD preadipocytes compared to controls. Disease-dependent responses to SP were also observed between UC and CD preadipocytes. IL-17A mRNA expression and release increased after SP treatment in both CD and UC preadipocytes, while IL-17RA mRNA increased in colon biopsies from IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS Preadipocyte SP-NK-1R interactions during IBD may participate in IBD pathophysiology. The ability of human preadipocytes to release IL-17A in response to SP together with increased IL-17A receptor in IBD colon opens the possibility of a fat-colonic mucosa inflammatory loop that may be active during IBD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Xu Y, Tian Y, Chen C, Wang C, Jiang X. Functional nanomaterials can optimize the efficacy of vaccines. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4505-20. [PMID: 25238620 PMCID: PMC7169483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials can improve the efficacy of vaccines. Herein we review latest developments that use nanomaterials for vaccines. By highlighting the relationships between the nanoscale physicochemical characteristics and working mechanisms of nanomaterials, this paper shows the current status of the developments where researchers employ functional nanomaterials as vector and/or immunoregulators for vaccines. It also provides us some clues for improving the design and application of nanomaterials to optimize the efficacy of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for, BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for, Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tao Y, Ju E, Ren J, Qu X. Immunostimulatory oligonucleotides-loaded cationic graphene oxide with photothermally enhanced immunogenicity for photothermal/immune cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9963-9971. [PMID: 25224368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous research interest due to its excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Here, we apply the polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) dual-polymer-functionalized GO (GO-PEG-PEI) as the carrier for efficient CpG delivery. GO-PEG-PEI can significantly promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enhance the immunostimulatory effect of CpG. In addition, the NIR optical absorbance of GO-PEG-PEI has been further applied to control the immunostimulatory activity of CpG ODNs, showing remarkably enhanced immunostimulation responses under NIR laser irradiation, owing to the photothermally induced local heating that accelerated intracellular trafficking of nanovectors. This is the first demonstration of using the photothermally enhanced intracellular transportation of nanocarriers for light-controllable CpG delivery. In vivo assay demonstrates that the GO-PEG-PEI-CpG complex provides synergistic photothermal and immunological effects under laser irradiation for cancer treatment, which shows the highest efficiency in tumor reduction, implying the excellent therapeutic efficacy of the GO-PEG-PEI-CpG complex in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Enguo Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu HY, Lin KJ, Wang PY, Lin CW, Yang HW, Ma CCM, Lu YJ, Jan TR. Polyethylene glycol-coated graphene oxide attenuates antigen-specific IgE production and enhanced antigen-induced T-cell reactivity in ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4257-66. [PMID: 25228804 PMCID: PMC4162634 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising nanomaterial for potential application in the versatile field of biomedicine. Graphene-based nanomaterials have been reported to modulate the functionality of immune cells in culture and to induce pulmonary inflammation in mice. Evidence pertaining to the interaction between graphene-based nanomaterials and the immune system in vivo remains scarce. The present study investigated the effect of polyethylene glycol-coated GO (PEG-GO) on antigen-specific immunity in vivo. Methods BALB/c mice were intravenously administered with a single dose of PEG-GO (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) 1 hour before ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization, and antigen-specific antibody production and splenocyte reactivity were measured 7 days later. Results Exposure to PEG-GO significantly attenuated the serum level of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 by splenocytes restimulated with OVA in culture was enhanced by treatment with PEG-GO. In addition, PEG-GO augmented the metabolic activity of splenocytes restimulated with OVA but not with the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate that systemic exposure to PEG-GO modulates several aspects of antigen-specific immune responses, including the serum production of immunoglobulin E and T-cell functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ying Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Animal Molecular Imaging Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Wang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi M Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tong-Rong Jan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tomuleasa C, Braicu C, Irimie A, Craciun L, Berindan-Neagoe I. Nanopharmacology in translational hematology and oncology. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3465-79. [PMID: 25092977 PMCID: PMC4113407 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have displayed considerable promise for safely delivering therapeutic agents with miscellaneous therapeutic properties. Current progress in nanotechnology has put forward, in the last few years, several therapeutic strategies that could be integrated into clinical use by using constructs for molecular diagnosis, disease detection, cytostatic drug delivery, and nanoscale immunotherapy. In the hope of bringing the concept of nanopharmacology toward a viable and feasible clinical reality in a cancer center, the present report attempts to present the grounds for the use of cell-free nanoscale structures for molecular therapy in experimental hematology and oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Cancer Center, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Craciun
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, the Oncological Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Orecchioni M, Bedognetti D, Sgarrella F, Marincola FM, Bianco A, Delogu LG. Impact of carbon nanotubes and graphene on immune cells. J Transl Med 2014; 12:138. [PMID: 24885781 PMCID: PMC4067374 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently proposed that nanomaterials, alone or in concert with their specific biomolecular conjugates, can be used to directly modulate the immune system, therefore offering a new tool for the enhancement of immune-based therapies against infectious disease and cancer. Here, we revised the publications on the impact of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), graphene and carbon nanohorns on immune cells. Whereas f-CNTs are the nanomaterial most widely investigated, we noticed a progressive increase of studies focusing on graphene in the last couple of years. The majority of the works (56%) have been carried out on macrophages, following by lymphocytes (30% of the studies). In the case of lymphocytes, T cells were the most investigated (22%) followed by monocytes and dendritic cells (7%), mixed cell populations (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 6%), and B and natural killer (NK) cells (1%). Most of the studies focused on toxicity and biocompatibility, while mechanistic insights on the effect of carbon nanotubes on immune cells are generally lacking. Only very recently high-throughput gene-expression analyses have shed new lights on unrecognized effects of carbon nanomaterials on the immune system. These investigations have demonstrated that some f-CNTs can directly elicitate specific inflammatory pathways. The interaction of graphene with the immune system is still at a very early stage of investigation. This comprehensive state of the art on biocompatible f-CNTs and graphene on immune cells provides a useful compass to guide future researches on immunological applications of carbon nanomaterials in medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang J, Zhu R, Gao B, Wu B, Li K, Sun X, Liu H, Wang S. The enhanced immune response of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccine using SiO2@LDH nanoparticles as an adjuvant. Biomaterials 2013; 35:466-78. [PMID: 24099705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various approaches have been used to improve systemic immune response to infectious disease or virus, and DNA vaccination has been demonstrated to be one of these effective ways to elicit protective immunity against pathogens. Our previous studies showed that layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanoparticles could be efficiently taken up by the MDDCs and had an adjuvant activity for DC maturation. To further enhance the immune adjuvant activity of LDH, core-shell structure SiO2@LDH nanoparticles were synthesized with an average diameter of about 210 nm. And its high transfection efficiency in vitro was demonstrated by using GFP expression plasmid as model DNA. Exposing SiO2@LDH nanoparticles to macrophages caused a higher dose-dependent expression of IFN-γ, IL-6, CD86 and MHC II, compared with SiO2 and LDH respectively. Furthermore, in vivo immunization of BALB/c mice indicated that, DNA vaccine loaded-SiO2@LDH nanoparticles not only induced much higher serum antibody response than naked DNA vaccine and plain nanoparticles, but also obviously promoted T-cell proliferation and skewed T helper to Th1 polarization. Additionally, it was proved that the caveolae-mediated uptake of SiO2@LDH nanoparticles by macrophage lead to macrophages activation via NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results indicate that SiO2@LDH nanoparticles could serve as a potential non-viral gene delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|