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Li Y, Munoz-Mayorga D, Nie Y, Kang N, Tao Y, Lagerwall J, Pernaci C, Curtin G, Coufal NG, Mertens J, Shi L, Chen X. Microglial lipid droplet accumulation in tauopathy brain is regulated by neuronal AMPK. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00118-9. [PMID: 38657612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in aging and Alzheimer's disease brains is considered a pathological phenomenon with unresolved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Utilizing stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, we observed significant in situ LD accumulation in microglia of tauopathy mouse brains. SRS imaging, combined with deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling, revealed heightened lipogenesis and impaired lipid turnover within LDs in tauopathy fly brains and human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Transfer of unsaturated lipids from tauopathy iPSC neurons to microglia induced LD accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired phagocytosis. Neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits lipogenesis and promotes lipophagy in neurons, thereby reducing lipid flux to microglia. AMPK depletion in prodromal tauopathy mice increased LD accumulation, exacerbated pro-inflammatory microgliosis, and promoted neuropathology. Our findings provide direct evidence of native, aberrant LD accumulation in tauopathy brains and underscore the critical role of AMPK in regulating brain lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Munoz-Mayorga
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuhang Nie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ningxin Kang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuren Tao
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Lagerwall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carla Pernaci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve Curtin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Yabo YA, Moreno-Sanchez PM, Pires-Afonso Y, Kaoma T, Nosirov B, Scafidi A, Ermini L, Lipsa A, Oudin A, Kyriakis D, Grzyb K, Poovathingal SK, Poli A, Muller A, Toth R, Klink B, Berchem G, Berthold C, Hertel F, Mittelbronn M, Heiland DH, Skupin A, Nazarov PV, Niclou SP, Michelucci A, Golebiewska A. Glioblastoma-instructed microglia transition to heterogeneous phenotypic states with phagocytic and dendritic cell-like features in patient tumors and patient-derived orthotopic xenografts. Genome Med 2024; 16:51. [PMID: 38566128 PMCID: PMC10988817 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major contributing factor to glioblastoma (GBM) development and progression is its ability to evade the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment, where GBM-associated myeloid cells, including resident microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages, play critical pro-tumoral roles. However, it is unclear whether recruited myeloid cells are phenotypically and functionally identical in GBM patients and whether this heterogeneity is recapitulated in patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOXs). A thorough understanding of the GBM ecosystem and its recapitulation in preclinical models is currently missing, leading to inaccurate results and failures of clinical trials. METHODS Here, we report systematic characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM PDOXs and patient tumors at the single-cell and spatial levels. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multicolor flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and functional studies to examine the heterogeneous TME instructed by GBM cells. GBM PDOXs representing different tumor phenotypes were compared to glioma mouse GL261 syngeneic model and patient tumors. RESULTS We show that GBM tumor cells reciprocally interact with host cells to create a GBM patient-specific TME in PDOXs. We detected the most prominent transcriptomic adaptations in myeloid cells, with brain-resident microglia representing the main population in the cellular tumor, while peripheral-derived myeloid cells infiltrated the brain at sites of blood-brain barrier disruption. More specifically, we show that GBM-educated microglia undergo transition to diverse phenotypic states across distinct GBM landscapes and tumor niches. GBM-educated microglia subsets display phagocytic and dendritic cell-like gene expression programs. Additionally, we found novel microglial states expressing cell cycle programs, astrocytic or endothelial markers. Lastly, we show that temozolomide treatment leads to transcriptomic plasticity and altered crosstalk between GBM tumor cells and adjacent TME components. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide novel insights into the phenotypic adaptation of the heterogeneous TME instructed by GBM tumors. We show the key role of microglial phenotypic states in supporting GBM tumor growth and response to treatment. Our data place PDOXs as relevant models to assess the functionality of the TME and changes in the GBM ecosystem upon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pilar M Moreno-Sanchez
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Yolanda Pires-Afonso
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bakhtiyor Nosirov
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Luca Ermini
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anuja Lipsa
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Suresh K Poovathingal
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Single Cell Analytics & Microfluidics Core, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie-KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Reka Toth
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Barbara Klink
- National Center of Genetics, Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK): Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Heidelberg, 01307, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guy Berchem
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Frank Hertel
- Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Translational Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Material Science, University Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Medical Informatics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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