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International Corporate Cash Holdings and Firm-Level Exposure to COVID-19: Do Cultural Dimensions Matter? JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm15060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 exposure on corporate cash holdings using firm data across sixteen developing and developed economies. The results show that firms reserve more cash when their exposure to COVID-19 increases. We also find a cash burn effect during the COVID-19 pandemic, meaning that the cash holdings are drained when firm exposure to the pandemic exceeds a tipping point. The effect is more pronounced in larger firms and firms with less cash reserve. Further analyses reveal that the cash burn effect tends to be stronger in countries with a high level of individualism and weaker in countries with high levels of risk aversion, masculinity, and long-term orientation. The findings provide fresh insights into the connections among corporate cash holdings, national cultures, and firm-level exposure to COVID-19.
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Ahmadi I, Habel J, Jia M, Lee N, Wei S. Consumer Stockpiling Across Cultures During the COVID-19
Pandemic. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 2022. [PMCID: PMC9133904 DOI: 10.1177/1069031x211037590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19
(coronavirus) outbreak a pandemic. In the following days, media reports showed
that consumers increasingly stockpiled groceries and household supplies.
Interestingly, behavioral data show that this stockpiling exhibited considerable
heterogeneity across countries. Building on cultural dimension theory, the
authors theorize that this heterogeneity can be explained by countries’ cultural
values: consumer stockpiling after the World Health Organization's announcement
was more pronounced in countries whose residents show high uncertainty
avoidance, low long-term orientation, low indulgence, and high individualism.
The authors confirm these propositions using global mobility data from Google
matched with country-level data on cultural values, pandemic reaction policies,
and other key variables. This research note thereby integrates the previously
disconnected literature on cultural dimension theory and consumer stockpiling in
general, as well as provides new and significant knowledge about cross-cultural
consumer behavior in crises. Furthermore, the authors provide actionable
insights for international policy makers and business managers who aim to
predict or control consumer stockpiling in future global crises to enhance
consumer well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nick Lee
- Iman Ahmadi is Assistant Professor of
Marketing, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, UK (
). Johannes Habel is Associate Professor
of Marketing, C.T. Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, USA (
). Miaolei Jia is Assistant Professor of
Marketing, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, UK (
). Nick Lee is Professor of Marketing,
Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, UK (
). Sarah Wei is Assistant Professor of
Marketing, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, UK (
)
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Kumar R, Gupta P, Gupta R. A TISM and MICMAC Analysis of Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Indian Apparel Supply Chain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/ijisscm.287133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the challenges faced by the Indian apparel supply chain in the wake of COVID-19 to identify the factors that are being affected and build a multilevel hierarchy model to prioritize the factors and understand their inter-relationships. An intensive literature review was conducted and many experts from apparel supply chain were consulted. The study was conducted by the help of a survey sent to these experts from different echelons in the apparel industry. The data was then analysed using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM). The “Difficulty in export order fulfilment” factor is found to be the most sensitive factor which means that it is present in the TISM model hierarchy in a place that it is affected by most of the factors and in-turn impacts factors like operational cost, change in marketing strategy, change in consumer buying pattern, which impact Profitability and Cut-off in employment. “Cut-off in employment” is found to be most impacted by all other factors in TISM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Kumar
- School of Business, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Parul Gupta
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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Shi X, Liu W, Zhang J. Present and future trends of supply chain management in the presence of COVID-19: a structured literature review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOGISTICS-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13675567.2021.1988909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Shi
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Sheng X, Ketron SC, Wan Y. Identifying consumer segments based on COVID-19 pandemic perceptions and responses. THE JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS 2021; 56:34-67. [PMID: 34908579 PMCID: PMC8662050 DOI: 10.1111/joca.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consumer responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have varied widely. Thus, marketers need to understand consumer segments based on pandemic-related responses and behaviors. Through two studies conducted 9 months apart, we find that consumers shift from three segments in Study 1-the Apprehensive, the Prepared, and the Dismissive, to two segments in Study 2-the Dedicated and the Dismissive. The Apprehensive feel particularly threatened of the virus. The Prepared and the Dedicated perceive a lower susceptibility but still take the health threat seriously. The Dismissive downplay the threat and exhibit more negative reactions to mitigation measures. We also demonstrate between-segment downstream response differences. While the Apprehensive and the Prepared/Dedicated exhibit positive attitude toward companies enforcing guidelines, the Apprehensive engage in the most panic buying, hoarding, and stockpiling. The Dedicated also express greater stress and less life satisfaction than the Dismissive. The findings offer theoretical and practical implications for pandemic-related consumer responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Sheng
- College of Business and EntrepreneurshipThe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburgTexasUSA
| | - Seth C. Ketron
- New College at FriscoThe University of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Yubing Wan
- Precision for MedicineFrederickMarylandUSA
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Managing the great bullwhip effects caused by COVID-19. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPERATIONS AND STRATEGIC SOURCING 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jgoss-02-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to answer the question of how firms can deal with the great bullwhip effects caused by COVID-19?
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory research method has been adopted and evidence was collected based on 41 online interviews.
Findings
The study finds that the bullwhip effect is caused by the sudden changes in customers purchasing behaviour during the pandemic and the businesses’ inaccurate anticipation of the situation. Managing the bullwhip effects caused by COVID-19 requires situation awareness, localisation and an intelligent supply chain. Situation awareness is a vital concept in emergency response, knowing what is going to figure out what should be done. Furthermore, reducing the geographical distances between the firm and other parties in the supply chain, which equates to supply chain localisation, enforces just-in-time inventory. Finally, supply chain digitalisation is no longer an option; implementing such a solution enables end-to-end visibility, collaboration, flexibility and optimisation of orchestration of the supply chain.
Research limitations/implications
This study presents indicators explaining how organisations can deal with the great bullwhip effects caused by COVID-19.
Originality/value
The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant challenges for supply chain management, and this study contributes to the body of knowledge and proposes a model of reducing the bullwhip effects.
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Alqahtani MMJ, Arnout BA, Fadhel FH, Sufyan NSSL. Risk perceptions of COVID-19 and its impact on precautionary behavior: A qualitative study. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:1860-1867. [PMID: 33612345 PMCID: PMC7882911 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The controlling of the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by the precautionary behavior of the community, and such behavior is frequently related to individuals' risk perception. The current study aimed to explore risk perceptions and precautionary behavior in response to COVID-19. METHOD Qualitative in-depth interviews by telephone were undertaken with 26 participants from three affected cities in an initial stage of the disease outbreak, from May 3 to June 5, 2020. The method of analyzing data was inductive. The results were analyzed using interpretation, categorizing, and thematic analysis. RESULTS The perception of risk is influenced by numerous individual, community, and cultural factors; these perceptions act as triggers for precautionary behavior, with a tendency to deny risks or react with exaggeration in terms of the precautionary reactions related to COVID-19. The thematic analysis produced two major categories: 1) risk perception and 2) precautionary behavior. The analysis provides essential insight into risk perception and precautionary behavior. CONCLUSION The risk perceptions and patterns of precautionary behavior could be unreliable, unhealthy, and culturally affected, which would influence the effectiveness of pandemic control measures. Further investigations with more data and including risk perception and precautionary behavior in the national response plan for emergency and crisis are highly recommended. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS A greater understanding and ongoing assessment of COVID-19 risk perception could inform policymakers and health professionals who seek to promote precautionary behavior. This could also facilitate early interventions during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boshra A Arnout
- Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Egypt
| | - Fahmi Hassan Fadhel
- Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen
| | - Nabil Saleh SLeh Sufyan
- Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha City, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychology, Taiz University, Taiz City, Yemen
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Larios-Gómez E, Fischer L, Peñalosa M, Ortega-Vivanco M. Purchase behavior in COVID-19: A cross study in Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06468. [PMID: 33855230 PMCID: PMC8027689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores the critical factors of consumption in Mexico, Ecuador, and Colombia, due to confinement and social distancing. Besides, which are the factors that influence the purchase decision. In the proposed model, we tested from quantitative research with a sample of 2,065 online consumers. We analyzed the following statistics: CFA, structural equations, invariance of measurement instruments, and multi-group analysis with the Smart Pls 3 and EQS 6.3 software. The study reveals that time, space, and place in the consumption process is more visible in the purchasing behavior with social distancing, healthy distance, and the commercial restriction caused by the health contingency. In addition to being a health and humanitarian crisis, the pandemic has severe economic consequences worldwide as 1) the increase in unemployment rates, 2) collapsed health systems, 3) education models overwhelmed by technology, 4) supply chains interrupted by the closure of borders, 5) international and domestic tourism suspended due to a lack of sanitary protocols,6) social coexistence curtailed by significantly increased infections and 7) a decreasing demand by consumers for the closure of companies. Despite being Latin American countries, cultural differences were not the priority of consumption in the crisis period due to Covid-19. They significantly change purchasing behaviors, and all have adapted to online and home delivery purchases by the social factor, local consumption, and consumers' attitude. The article presents several considerations on the main factors of consumption in Covid-19 in collectivist countries (North American and South America) such as Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador and finds no substantial differences with consumers. There are practical implications for companies to adopt online channels and to create sales strategies in the face of the endemic pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Fischer
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Media reporting has an influential role in panic buying (PB). We aimed to evaluate the media portrayal of PB during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We searched, collected, and analysed the news reports from the English media discussing the PB events. The search was done between 23 and 30 May 2020.
Results
A total of 525 news reports were analysed. Approximately half (49.3%) discussed the government action to handle the situation, 36.4% discussed the expert opinion regarding PB, 20.6% discussed the psychology of PB, 21.5% discussed the rumours, and 18.5% suggested remedial measures. Concerning the negative aspects, 96.6% of the titles mentioned panic buying, 75.4% mentioned the cause, and 62.3% mentioned the photos of empty shelves. The media in low–middle-income countries are 1.5 times more likely to include expert opinion (p = 0.03), 2.1 times more likely to discuss rumours regarding PB (p = 0.001), almost thrice more likely to report the cause of PB (p = 0.001), and thrice more likely to mention its impact (p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Media has been portraying more negative aspects of PB. Further, there are variations in reporting patterns between high-income and low–middle-income countries.
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