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Miyazaki A, Yoshinaga M, Ogata H, Ito Y, Aoki M, Kubo T, Shinomiya M, Horigome H, Tokuda M, Lin L, Takahashi H, Nagashima M. An Alternative Approach to Determining Metabolic Syndrome Component Cutoffs in Children and Adolescents Using Segmental Regression Analysis. Circ Rep 2024; 6:118-126. [PMID: 38606414 PMCID: PMC11004036 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-24-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in children and adolescents. Although some diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome exist, further research is needed to determine appropriate age-, sex-, and race-specific cutoffs for each component. Methods and Results: Health examinations were conducted in 1,679 children aged 6-15 years in 9 regions of Japan. Participants were divided into 3 age groups for each sex: 6-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years. For metabolic syndrome components in each group, inverse cumulative percentile graphs were drawn and approximated by 3 regression lines using segmented regression analysis. The intersection of each regression line was defined as the breakpoint, and the measured value corresponding to the breakpoint percentile as the breakpoint value. Breakpoint values for waist circumference were age dependent at approximately 60, 70, and 80 cm for ages 6-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years, respectively. Breakpoint values for blood pressure were age- and/or sex dependent, while those for triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were neither age nor sex dependent. Based on these results, we proposed new cutoffs for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in Japanese children and adolescents. Conclusions: Breakpoint values obtained by segmented regression analysis on inverse cumulative percentile graphs can be useful for determining metabolic syndrome component cutoffs in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Health Care Organization Takaoka Fushiki Hospital Takaoka Japan
| | - Masao Yoshinaga
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center Kagoshima Japan
- Orange Medical and Welfare Center for Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities Kirishima Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Ogata
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kagawa Nutrition University Sakado Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Clinical Medicine Area, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing Kitami Japan
| | - Machiko Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Aoki Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular and Pediatrics Clinic Fukuoka Japan
| | - Toshihide Kubo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center Okayama Japan
| | - Masaki Shinomiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nishifuna Naika Funabashi Japan
| | - Hitoshi Horigome
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital Mito Japan
| | | | - Lisheng Lin
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
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2
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Gerver CR, Griffin JW, Dennis NA, Beaty RE. Memory and creativity: A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between memory systems and creative cognition. Psychon Bull Rev 2023; 30:2116-2154. [PMID: 37231179 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that specific memory systems (e.g., semantic vs. episodic) may support specific creative thought processes. However, there are a number of inconsistencies in the literature regarding the strength, direction, and influence of different memory (semantic, episodic, working, and short-term) and creativity (divergent and convergent thinking) types, as well as the influence of external factors (age, stimuli modality) on this purported relationship. In this meta-analysis, we examined 525 correlations from 79 published studies and unpublished datasets, representing data from 12,846 individual participants. We found a small but significant (r = .19) correlation between memory and creative cognition. Among semantic, episodic, working, and short-term memory, all correlations were significant, but semantic memory - particularly verbal fluency, the ability to strategically retrieve information from long-term memory - was found to drive this relationship. Further, working memory capacity was found to be more strongly related to convergent than divergent creative thinking. We also found that within visual creativity, the relationship with visual memory was greater than that of verbal memory, but within verbal creativity, the relationship with verbal memory was greater than that of visual memory. Finally, the memory-creativity correlation was larger for children compared to young adults despite no impact of age on the overall effect size. These results yield three key conclusions: (1) semantic memory supports both verbal and nonverbal creative thinking, (2) working memory supports convergent creative thinking, and (3) the cognitive control of memory is central to performance on creative thinking tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Gerver
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jason W Griffin
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nancy A Dennis
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Roger E Beaty
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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3
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Srivastava P, Jaarsveld S, Sangani K. Verbal-analytical rather than visuo-spatial Raven's puzzle solving favors Raven's-like puzzle generation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1205056. [PMID: 38046123 PMCID: PMC10693350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1205056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Raven's advanced progressive matrices (APM) comprise two types of representational codes, namely visuo-spatial and verbal-analytical, that are used to solve APM puzzles. Studies using analytical, behavioral, and imaging methods have supported the multidimensional perspectives of APM puzzles. The visuo-spatial code is expected to recruit operations more responsive to the visual perception tasks. In contrast, the verbal-analytical code is expected to use operations more responsive to the logical reasoning task and may entail different cognitive strategies. Acknowledging different representational codes used in APM puzzle-solving is critical for a better understanding of APM's performance and their relationship with other tasks, especially creative reasoning. We used the eye-tracking method to investigate the role of two representational codes, visuo-spatial and verbal-analytical, in strategies involved in solving APM puzzles and in generating an APM-like puzzle by using a creative-reasoning task (CRT). Participants took longer time to complete the verbal-analytical than visuo-spatial puzzles. In addition, visuo-analytical than visual-spatial puzzles showed higher progressive and regressive saccade counts, suggesting the use of more response elimination than constructive matching strategies employed while solving verbal-analytical than visuo-spatial puzzles. We observed higher CRT scores when it followed verbal-analytical (Mdn = 84) than visuo-spatial (Mdn = 73) APM puzzles, suggesting puzzle-solving specific strategies affect puzzle-creating task performance. The advantage of verbal-analytical over visuo-spatial puzzle-solving has been discussed in light of shared cognitive processing between APM puzzle-solving and APM-like puzzle-creating task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Srivastava
- Perception and Cognition Lab, Cognitive Science Center, Kohli Research Center on Intelligent Systems, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saskia Jaarsveld
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology Unit, Centre for Cognitive Science, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kishan Sangani
- Perception and Cognition Lab, Cognitive Science Center, Kohli Research Center on Intelligent Systems, Hyderabad, India
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4
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Potměšilová P, Potměšil M, Klugar M. The Difference in the Creativity of People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing and Those with Typical Hearing: A Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1383. [PMID: 37628381 PMCID: PMC10453058 DOI: 10.3390/children10081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The scoping review aimed to describe differences in creativity between deaf and hard of hearing and typically hearing people. The research question for the review was: what are the differences in the creativity of deaf and hard-of-hearing people in comparison with people with typical hearing? A total of eleven databases were used for the search, as well as sources of the unpublished studies/gray literature. The scoping review was prepared following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA frame as a basis for reporting scoping reviews. A total of 30 studies were analyzed concerning the selected research areas. Intrinsic creativity was the first area identified. Specific activities for the development of creativity formed the second area for analysis. The third area focused on differences in creativity between deaf and hard of hearing and typically hearing. The fourth area includes studies that call for an equitable research environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Potměšilová
- Department of Christian Education, Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Center of Evidence-Based Education & Arts Therapies: A JBI Affiliated Group, The Institute of Special Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Palacky University Olomouc, 77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miloň Potměšil
- Center of Evidence-Based Education & Arts Therapies: A JBI Affiliated Group, The Institute of Special Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Palacky University Olomouc, 77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Klugar
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
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5
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Parra-Martinez FA, Desmet OA, Wai J. The Evolution of Intelligence: Analysis of the Journal of Intelligence and Intelligence. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11020035. [PMID: 36826933 PMCID: PMC9961905 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
What are the current trends in intelligence research? This parallel bibliometric analysis covers the two premier journals in the field: Intelligence and the Journal of Intelligence (JOI) between 2013 and 2022. Using Scopus data, this paper extends prior bibliometric articles reporting the evolution of the journal Intelligence from 1977 up to 2018. It includes JOI from its inception, along with Intelligence to the present. Although the journal Intelligence's growth has declined over time, it remains a stronghold for traditional influential research (average publications per year = 71.2, average citations per article = 17.07, average citations per year = 2.68). JOI shows a steady growth pattern in the number of publications and citations (average publications per year = 33.2, average citations per article = 6.48, total average citations per year = 1.48) since its inception in 2013. Common areas of study across both journals include cognitive ability, fluid intelligence, psychometrics-statistics, g-factor, and working memory. Intelligence includes core themes like the Flynn effect, individual differences, and geographic IQ variability. JOI addresses themes such as creativity, personality, and emotional intelligence. We discuss research trends, co-citation networks, thematic maps, and their implications for the future of the two journals and the evolution and future of the scientific study of intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Wai
- Department of Education Reform, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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6
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Emotional Intelligence and Creative Self-Efficacy among Gifted Children: Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Moderating Effect of Gender. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11010017. [PMID: 36662147 PMCID: PMC9866135 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Creative self-efficacy is a type of individual creative self-belief, which is an important predictor of creative activities and achievements. For gifted children who have high creative potential, the influencing factors of their creative self-efficacy need to be further explored. This study aimed to explore the relationship between gender, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, and creative self-efficacy in gifted children, with special attention on the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of gender in the relationship between emotional intelligence and creative self-efficacy. Participants in this study included 226 gifted students aged 10-13 (135 boys and 91 girls) from experimental classrooms designed for gifted students in North China. The creative self-efficacy scale (CSE), the emotional intelligence scale (EIS), and the self-esteem scale (SES) were tested. The statistical results indicate that: (1) emotional intelligence significantly positively predicted creative self-efficacy in gifted children; (2) self-esteem partially mediated the link between emotional intelligence and creative self-efficacy; and (3) gender acted as a moderator for the mediation model, in which self-esteem played a complete mediating role in gifted boys, while the mediating role of self-esteem in gifted girls was not significant. The results of this study reveal the influential mechanism of creative self-efficacy in gifted children of different genders and may provide further implications for promoting the creative potential of gifted children.
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7
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Fan L, Zhuang K, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu C, Gu J, Qiu J. Exploring the behavioral and neural correlates of semantic distance in creative writing. Psychophysiology 2022; 60:e14239. [PMID: 36537015 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Creativity is critical to economic growth and societal progress. However, assessing creativity using objective approaches remains a challenge. To address this, we employ three objective indicators based on semantic distance to quantify the originality and appropriateness of creativity by analyzing long texts in a story-writing experiment. Global and local distances were generated separately by computing the mean distance of the whole text and the distance between adjacent sentences, and they were positively correlated with story originality in writing. Global cohesion was positively correlated with story rationality in writing, as generated by computing the semantic coherence between the text and story context. At the behavioral level, three semantic indicators were used to measure originality and appropriateness of creativity and reflected individual differences, including creative achievement and creative personality. At the neural level, global distance was best predicted by the features of the salience and default networks, whereas global cohesion corresponded to the control and salience networks. These findings point to a stable neural basis for semantic indicators and verify the idea of separating different dimensions of creativity. Taken together, our results demonstrate the significance of semantic indicators in assessing creativity and provide insights into analyzing long texts in natural paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Kaixiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU) Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University Chongqing China
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8
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Jung RE, Hunter DR. A Call to More Imaginative Research into Creative Achievement. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2022.2143094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Bakhiet SFA, Dutton E, Ali HAW, Madison G, Almoghyrah HAS, Al-Mutairy SHS, Essa YAS, Alruwaitea AAS, Aljbr ASR. Decreases in divergent thinking across age groups from 2005 to 2018 amongst school children in Sudan. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 231:103797. [PMID: 36427364 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Performances on tests of creativity have been found to be in decline in the USA. Here, we explore scores on divergent thinking tests in private schools in Khartoum State in Sudan by comparing a 2005 and a 2018 administration of the Torrance Standardized Circles test to 8- to 12-year-olds of both sexes. We find a decline across the period in all three dimensions of the test (Fluency, Flexibility and Originality), as well as in the overall index of divergent thinking. In line with much previous research, females consistently outperform males. Examining previous studies that report Negative Flynn Effects on IQ in Arab countries, we conclude that our results most likely reflect highly localized and exclusively environmental causes, and caution against assuming that the same processes that underlie Negative Flynn Effects in the West, whether on IQ or any trait correlated with it, also underlie it in the Arab World.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yossry Ahmed Sayed Essa
- King Saud University, Department of special Education, College of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Steger D, Weiss S, Wilhelm O. The Short Inventory of Creative Activities (S-ICA): Compiling a Short Scale Using Ant Colony Optimization. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2022.2128574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Atakaya MA, Sak U, Ayas MB. A Study on Psychometric Properties of Creativity Indices. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2022.2134550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugur Sak
- Anadolu University
- Western University
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12
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Wechsler SM, Virgolim AMR, Paludo KI, Dantas I, Mota SP, Minervino CAM. Integrated assessment of children’s cognitive and creative abilities: Psychometric studies. PSICO-USF 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract It is essential that intelligence assessment be integrated with creativity, although no instruments in Brazil do so. This research investigated the item difficulty and validity and reliability of the Bateria de Avaliação Intelectual e Criativa Infantil (BAICI) to address this gap. The first sample consisted of 612 children (54% M) aged 7 to 12 years, and the second sample consisted of 377 students (56% M), some of whom (N = 164) were already identified as exhibiting high skills/giftedness. Item analysis indicated the need to adjust the BAICI items. The results of a MANCOVA indicated that the BAICI exhibits evidence of validity with external variables because the group of gifted children was significantly distinguished from the group of students attending regular schools on tests of vocabulary, speed, logical thinking, and creativity. The study concludes that the BAICI has psychometric qualities that can be used in the psychological assessment of children.
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13
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Greenwood TA, Chow LJ, Gur RC, Kelsoe JR. Bipolar spectrum traits and the space between Madness and Genius: The Muse is in the Dose. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:149-158. [PMID: 35816974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Creativity has long been associated with the bipolar spectrum, particularly among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with milder expressions of bipolar traits, suggesting that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages for creativity. Here we took a multifaceted approach to better define the shared vulnerability between creativity and bipolar disorder. We recruited 135 individuals with bipolar disorder, 102 creative controls, and 103 non-creative controls for a total of 340 participants. All participants completed a comprehensive assessment battery that included several self-report temperament and personality questionnaires, a computerized test of cognitive function across multiple domains, and an evaluation of creative performance and achievement. Significant group differences were observed for the hypothesized shared vulnerability traits of hypomanic personality, cyclothymic temperament, impulsivity, and positive schizotypy. While both the creative and bipolar groups demonstrated superior creative ability, the creative group alone revealed enhanced cognitive performance. Accounting for intercorrelations between traits, a combination of openness, hypomanic personality, divergent thinking, and reasoning ability emerged as the strongest predictors of creativity, collectively explaining 34% of the variance in creative achievement and correctly classifying 85% of individuals with high achievement irrespective of diagnosis. These results confirm and extend earlier observations of a shared vulnerability between creativity and bipolar disorder and suggest that mild to moderate expressions of bipolar spectrum traits are associated with enhanced cognitive functioning and creative expression. Further investigation of these traits is needed to clarify the nature of this shared vulnerability and suggest individualized treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lauren J Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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14
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Age-Related Changes and Reorganization of Creativity and Intelligence Indices in Schoolchildren and University Students. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10030052. [PMID: 35997407 PMCID: PMC9396976 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the lasting interest towards the relationship between intelligence and creativity, comparably less attention is paid to its age-related changes. Our paper considers the organization of fluid intelligence and psychometric indicators of creativity and is based on the experimental data obtained for children aged 11 (n = 99) and for young adults (n = 77). We used two figural and verbal tasks with and without time limit. We found that the age-related differences in creativity are dependent on the context and the type of testing. The young adults were different from the children, having higher indicators of verbal and figurative creativity, except for the originality of the drawings created within the Incomplete Figures test, and having considerably higher test results for fluid intelligence. These age-related differences, together with the discovered closer relationship between the creativity indicators in the young adults group compared to the children, might suggest insufficient contribution of the components of the executive control of information selection (inhibition, shifting, and updating), which had not fully formed in eleven-year-olds. The comparison of the various indicators of creativity suggests that the most complex task for the children was the composition of an original sentence by joining nouns from various semantic categories.
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15
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Szabó E, Körmendi A, Kurucz G, Cropley D, Olajos T, Pataky N. Personality Traits as Predictors of Malevolent Creative Ideation in Offenders. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12070242. [PMID: 35877312 PMCID: PMC9311653 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Malevolent creativity, which can be defined as creativity that is deliberately planned to damage others, is a concept that explains how the capacity to generate novel and effective outcomes (creativity) may, on occasion, be misapplied. The present study used 130 male inmates of the Oradea Maximum Security Penitentiary in Romania to explore the ability of a set of personality variables (the dark triad, self-efficacy, and self-esteem) to predict malevolent creative ideation. The findings indicate that Machiavellianism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of malevolent creative ideation in the form of lying, while only Machiavellianism was a significant predictor of malevolent creative ideation in the form of hurting people. In addition, the present study found significant differences among subgroups in the sample, with more experienced offenders showing higher levels of malevolent creative ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Oradea Penitentiary, Parcul Traian 3, 410033 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Attila Körmendi
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Győző Kurucz
- Department of Work and Organization Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - David Cropley
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Timea Olajos
- Department of Personality and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (T.O.)
| | - Nóra Pataky
- Department of Pedagogical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Psychology, University of Debrecen, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary;
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16
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Rominger C, Schwerdtfeger AR, Benedek M, Perchtold-Stefan CM, Fink A. Ecological Momentary Assessment of Creative Ideation. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Creative ideas in daily life show substantial variation in quality. Yet, most studies investigate the creative ideation process in highly controlled laboratory contexts, which challenges the ecological validity of creativity research findings. In this article, we advocate the use of ambulatory assessments of creative ideation to gain deeper insight into the variability of ideation processes (between- and within-subjects) in everyday life. We demonstrate this approach by the example of the ambulatory battery of creativity (ABC), which constitutes a reliable and valid approach to assess divergent thinking ability in the verbal and figural domain in everyday life context. Furthermore, it differentiates between-person and within-person variation of creative ideation performance. The first part of this paper will shortly describe the general approach using ABC as an example. In the second part, we use the 7 C’s heuristic to explore applications and implications of this novel method for creativity research. We focus on four C’s with special relevance for ambulatory assessment: Creator, Creating, Context, and Curricula. To this end, we review the findings of strongly controlled laboratory studies and discuss and illustrate applications of the ambulatory assessment. We conclude that the assessment of creative ideation performance in the field might help move the spotlight of creative ideation research from the laboratory to more naturalistic settings. This would increase the ecological validity of creative ideation research and facilitate fresh or unprecedented perspectives on past and future questions on a person’s creative potential and its moment-to-moment fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Fink
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
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17
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Abertura à experiência e preferência em obras de arte figurativas e não figurativas. PSICO 2022. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2022.1.34769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A arte não representacional é outra maneira de aludir à arte abstrata, sendo um estilo no qual os objetos não se parecem com aqueles que se apresentam na natureza física concreta. No último século, foram realizadas investigações experimentais sobre estética e personalidade objetivando revelar fatores contribuintes para as diferenças quanto às preferências artísticas. Este estudo explorou as associações entre abertura à experiência e preferência por arte visual. Os participantes completaram a Escala Fatorial de Abertura e classificaram a preferência por quatro imagens diferentes correspondentes à arte representativa e não representativa. A análise estatística dos dados revelou uma correlação positiva entre o fator Fantasia e a apreciação pelas pinturas abstratas (r =.20). Não foi verificada uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre essa dimensão e a apreciação de pinturas figurativas. Embora esses achados sejam exploratórios, outras medidas mais completas relacionadas às diferenças individuais e preferências artísticas poderão ser utilizadas em novos estudos no Brasil.
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Gande N. Neural Phenomenon in Musicality: The Interpretation of Dual-Processing Modes in Melodic Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:823325. [PMID: 35496061 PMCID: PMC9051476 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.823325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The confluence of creativity in music performance finds itself in performance practices and cultural motifs, the communication of the human body along with the instrument it interacts with, and individual performers' perceptual, motor, and cognitive abilities that contribute to varied musical interpretations of the same piece or melodic line. The musical and artistic execution of a player, as well as the product of this phenomena can become determinant causes in a creative mental state. With advances in neurocognitive measures, the state of one's artistic intuition and execution has been a growing interest in understanding the creative thought process of human behavior, particularly in improvising artists. This article discusses the implementation on the concurrence of spontaneous (Type-1) and controlled (Type-2) processing modes that may be apparent in the perception of non-improvising artists on how melodic lines are perceived in music performance. Elucidating the cortical-subcortical activity in the dual-process model may extend to non-improvising musicians explored in the paradigm of neural correlates. These interactions may open new possibilities for expanding the repertoire of executive functions, creativity, and the coordinated activity of cortical-subcortical regions that regulate the free flow of artistic ideas and expressive spontaneity in future neuromusical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathazsha Gande
- Department of A-Levels, HELP University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Lee J, Kim C, Lee KC. An Empirical Approach to Analyzing the Effects of Stress on Individual Creativity in Business Problem-Solving: Emphasis on the Electrocardiogram, Electroencephalogram Methodology. Front Psychol 2022; 13:705442. [PMID: 35391973 PMCID: PMC8983065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.705442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, experiments were conducted on 30 subjects by means of electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) methodologies as well as a money game to examine the effects of stress on creativity in business problem-solving. The study explained the relationship between creativity and human physiological response using the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. The subjects were asked to perform a cognitive mapping task. Based on the brain wave theory, we identified the types of brain waves and locations of brain activities that occurred during the creative problem-solving process in a business environment and studied the effects of stress on creativity. The results of the experiments showed significant differences in creativity in business problem-solving depending on whether or not stress was triggered. Differences were found in the time domain (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency domain (HF, LF/HF ratio) of heart rates, a physiological stress indicator, between the stress group and the no-stress group. A brain wave analysis confirmed that alpha waves increased in the frontal lobe of the brain during creative business problem-solving but decreased when the subjects were under stress, during which beta waves in the brain increased. This study seeks to examine creativity in business problem-solving by studying the effects of stress on human physiological response and cognitive functions in the hope of providing a new and objective interpretation of existing research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Lee
- SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheong Kim
- SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Economics Department, Airports Council International (ACI) World, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kun Chang Lee
- SKK Business School, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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20
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Angela FR, Caterina B. Creativity, emotional intelligence and coping style in intellectually gifted adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Ganesh K, Gabora L. Modeling Discontinuous Cultural Evolution: The Impact of Cross-Domain Transfer. Front Psychol 2022; 13:786072. [PMID: 35282262 PMCID: PMC8908956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.786072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses autocatalytic networks to model discontinuous cultural transitions involving cross-domain transfer, using as an illustrative example, artworks inspired by the oldest-known uncontested example of figurative art: the carving of the Hohlenstein-Stadel Löwenmensch, or lion-human. Autocatalytic networks provide a general modeling setting in which nodes are not just passive transmitters of activation; they actively galvanize, or "catalyze" the synthesis of novel ("foodset-derived") nodes from existing ones (the "foodset.") This makes them uniquely suited to model how new structure grows out of earlier structure, i.e., cumulative, generative network growth. They have been used to model the origin and early evolution of biological life, and the emergence of cognitive structures capable of undergoing cultural evolution. We conducted a study in which six individual creators and one group generated music, prose, poetry, and visual art inspired by the Hohlenstein-Stadel Löwenmensch, and answered questions about the process. The data revealed four through-lines by which they expressed the Löwenmensch in an alternative art form: (1) lion-human hybrid, (2) subtracting from the whole to reveal the form within, (3) deterioration, and (4) waiting to be found with a story to tell. Autocatalytic networks were used to model how these four spontaneously derived through-lines form a cultural lineage from Löwenmensch to artist to audience. We used the resulting data from three creators to model the cross-domain transfer from inspirational source (sculpted figurine) to creative product (music, poetry, prose, visual art). These four spontaneously-generated threads of cultural continuity formed the backbone of this Löwenmensch-inspired cultural lineage, enabling culture to evolve even in the face of discontinuity at the level conventional categories or domains. We know of no other theory of cultural evolution that accommodates cross-domain transfer or other forms of discontinuity. The approach paves the way for a broad scientific framework for the origins of evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liane Gabora
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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22
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Sordia N, Martskvishvili K. Creative Self and Fear of Rejection. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Realization of creative potential in everyday life, sharing an original product or idea with others involves the risk of being rejected. In the current study, we explored the factors affecting the process of realization of creative potential in creative activities and creative achievements. We examined whether creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity, on the one hand, and fear of negative evaluation and rejection sensitivity, on the other hand, moderate the relationship between creative potential and real-life creativity (i.e., creative activities and achievements). According to the results, the relationship between creative potential and real-life creativity is stronger when people with creative potential have high creative personal identity and fear of negative evaluation scores. However, the relationship between creative potential and real-life creativity is not significant when people with creative potential have high scores on the creative self-efficacy and rejection expectancy scales (a cognitive aspect of rejection sensitivity). Possible explanations of the different results related to the different indicators of creativity and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natia Sordia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
| | - Khatuna Martskvishvili
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
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23
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Ostrowski B, Williams Woolley A, Haan KW. Translating Member Ability Into Group Brainstorming Performance: The Role of Collective Intelligence. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10464964211060348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In investigating how member ability is translated into group brainstorming performance, it was predicted that a group’s collective intelligence (CI) would enable it to capitalize on member ability while maximizing process gains and mitigating process losses. Ninety-nine groups were randomly assigned to complete a short brainstorming task using a hybrid (individual-group work) or collective (only group work) task structure. High CI groups were better than low CI groups at translating member ability into group brainstorming performance. Additionally, this hybrid structure was more beneficial for low CI groups than for high CI groups in generating total ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ki-Won Haan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Exploring Neural Signal Complexity as a Potential Link between Creative Thinking, Intelligence, and Cognitive Control. J Intell 2021; 9:jintelligence9040059. [PMID: 34940381 PMCID: PMC8706335 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity studies have demonstrated that creative thinking builds upon an interplay of multiple neural networks involving the cognitive control system. Theoretically, cognitive control has generally been discussed as the common basis underlying the positive relationship between creative thinking and intelligence. However, the literature still lacks a detailed investigation of the association patterns between cognitive control, the factors of creative thinking as measured by divergent thinking (DT) tasks, i.e., fluency and originality, and intelligence, both fluid and crystallized. In the present study, we explored these relationships at the behavioral and the neural level, based on N = 77 young adults. We focused on brain-signal complexity (BSC), parameterized by multi-scale entropy (MSE), as measured during a verbal DT and a cognitive control task. We demonstrated that MSE is a sensitive neural indicator of originality as well as inhibition. Then, we explore the relationships between MSE and factor scores indicating DT and intelligence. In a series of across-scalp analyses, we show that the overall MSE measured during a DT task, as well as MSE measured in cognitive control states, are associated with fluency and originality at specific scalp locations, but not with fluid and crystallized intelligence. The present explorative study broadens our understanding of the relationship between creative thinking, intelligence, and cognitive control from the perspective of BSC and has the potential to inspire future BSC-related theories of creative thinking.
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25
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Wechsler SM, Peixoto EM, Gibim QGMT, Bruno Mundim MC, Ribeiro RKSM, de Souza AF. Assessment of Intelligence with Creativity the Need for a Comprehensive Approach. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2021.1996750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Şahin F. A Study on Developing Creative Thinking Skills in Students with Intellectual Disabilities Using Creative Drama. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2021.1997177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feyzullah Şahin
- Education Faculty Special Education Department Gifted Division, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
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27
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de Manzano Ö, Ullén F. Domain specific traits predict achievement in music and multipotentiality. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Dumas D, Dong Y, Grajzel K, Forthmann B, Doherty M. Understanding ideational fluency as a survival process. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 92:e12469. [PMID: 34693984 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When students generate ideas, important inter-individual variance exists both in the quantity and the quality of ideas they are able to produce (e.g., perfectionists who have few highly creative ideas or mass producers who produce a lot of uncreative ideas). In educational psychology research on creativity, the relation between the quantity and quality of ideas has not been well understood, limiting progress in this area. AIMS We conceptualized Ideational Fluency as a phenomenon that requires participants to 'survive' to produce more ideas, and where dropping out of the ideational process was analogous to 'dying'. Using this novel paradigm, we aimed to test the relations among Fluency (as a dependent variable); and creative Expertise, Originality and self-reported Personality attributes (as independent variables). SAMPLE AND METHOD Participants were drawn from three groups: those with demonstrated expertise in stage or screen acting (n = 104); undergraduates being trained in the same domain (n = 100), and adults with no acting training or experience (n = 92). Participants responded to the Alternate Uses Task; Non-parametric and semi-parametric survival models were fit to their Ideational Fluency; and average and maximum Originality scores, as well as self-reported Personality attributes, were used as covariates. RESULTS Across all participants, the Ideational Fluency survival function showed an S-shape, but the Expertise grouping interacted with that pattern. The survival rate of professional actors decreased more rapidly during the first few ideas, but after the 5th idea, professional actors displayed a clear advantage in survival rate. Participants who were less original on average but who showed a high maximum Originality, as well as those participants who reported more Assertiveness and less Industriousness, also survived further into the Ideational process. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, professional actors' advantage in Fluency did not manifest in the survival model until after the 5th idea generated. A quantity-quality trade-off was observed with average Originality being associated with shorter survival, but that trade-off was not observed with maximum Originality, which was associated with longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dumas
- Department of Research Methods and Information Science, University of Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Research Methods and Information Science, University of Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Katalin Grajzel
- Department of Research Methods and Information Science, University of Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Boris Forthmann
- Institute for Psychology in Education, University of Münster, New York, USA
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29
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Wai J, Brown MI. Developmental Histories Facilitating the Emergence of Creative Scientific Expertise: The Role of Developed Cognitive Talents, Education, and Social and Cultural Contexts. Front Psychol 2021; 12:716529. [PMID: 34539517 PMCID: PMC8446382 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how individual and contextual factors collectively contribute to the developmental histories that facilitate the emergence of creative expertise in science is improved by considering the contribution of the broad structure of developed cognitive abilities to creativity, prospective research on the high achieving or gifted students who may choose careers in and end up as creative scientists later in life, as well as retrospective studies of established creative scientists themselves and what their educational histories reveal. We first review and elaborate on these connections as documented in research which explore the development of talent, including cognitive mechanisms that include math and spatial reasoning and science related educational opportunities. We propose a research thought experiment that utilizes the multi-trait, multi-method matrix, and bifactor modeling to help understand the true overlap between measurement structures of cognitive and creative aptitudes. Then we explore the social and cultural contexts that may facilitate and/or hinder creative solutions in science through the lens of how these ecosystems influence talent development for gifted students and also the production of elite scientists. Based on this review, some policies will be suggested that may enhance the development of scientific creativity and broader societal innovation and expand the pipeline to include and fully develop the talents of disadvantaged students and provide nurturing environments to improve the likelihood of the emergence of scientific creative expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wai
- Department of Education Reform and Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Matt I Brown
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, PA, United States
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30
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Makris S, Welch GF, Himonides E. Music Teachers' Perceptions of, and approaches to, Creativity in the Greek‐Cypriot Primary Education. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Neubauer AC. The future of intelligence research in the coming age of artificial intelligence – With a special consideration of the philosophical movements of trans- and posthumanism. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Bashmakova I, Shcherbakova O. Just Open Your Mind? A Randomized, Controlled Study on the Effects of Meditation on Creativity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:663881. [PMID: 34276489 PMCID: PMC8285115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Creativity is a crucial prerequisite for innovation, successful problem solving, and self-expression, but how do we affect creative thinking in a positive way? The present study investigated the effects of open monitoring meditation (OMM) on creativity. We proposed that OMM will benefit creativity in metaphor production by cognitive flexibility (CF) enhancement. In the main study, participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: meditation, active, and passive controls. The first two groups performed an audio-guided task (real meditation or a narrative on house plants) for 2 weeks, and the third one had no task. Pre- and post-tests included measures of metaphor production, CF, state, sustained attention, attention shifting, and intelligence. We found no significant intra- or intergroup differences that would suggest OMM effects on creativity. Further, no links were found between measures of metaphor creativity and CF. Findings reveal potential challenges of using meditation as a cognitive enhancement tool. Methodological issues concerning meditation research, as well as creativity and CF measures, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Bashmakova
- Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Shcherbakova
- Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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33
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Lebuda I, Figura B, Karwowski M. Creativity and the Dark Triad: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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How Is Intelligence Test Performance Associated with Creative Achievement? A Meta-Analysis. J Intell 2021; 9:jintelligence9020028. [PMID: 34064176 PMCID: PMC8162535 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a meta-analysis of the links between intelligence test scores and creative achievement. A three-level meta-analysis of 117 correlation coefficients from 30 studies found a correlation of r = .16 (95% CI: .12, .19), closely mirroring previous meta-analytic findings. The estimated effects were stronger for overall creative achievement and achievement in scientific domains than for correlations between intelligence scores and creative achievement in the arts and everyday creativity. No signs of publication bias were found. We discuss theoretical implications and provide recommendations for future studies.
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35
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The More Fertile, the More Creative: Changes in Women's Creative Potential across the Ovulatory Cycle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105390. [PMID: 34070114 PMCID: PMC8158362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Creative thinking is a defining human feature. It provides novel solutions and as such undoubtedly has contributed to our survival. However, according to signaling theory, creativity could also have evolved through sexual selection as a potential fitness indicator. In our study, we tested one implication of this theory. Specifically, we hypothesized that if creativity can serve as a signal of women’s fitness, then we should observe an increase in creative thinking in the fertile phase of the ovulatory cycle compared to other non-fertile phases. In our study (N = 751), we tested creative potential throughout the ovulatory cycle. We found a positive correlation between the probability of conception and both creative originality and flexibility. Importantly, we also tested the mediating role of arousal in the relationship between the probability of conception and creative thinking. The results of our study are discussed in terms of signaling theory, through which women advertise their fitness with their creativity.
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36
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Toivainen T, Madrid-Valero JJ, Chapman R, McMillan A, Oliver BR, Kovas Y. Creative expressiveness in childhood writing predicts educational achievement beyond motivation and intelligence: A longitudinal, genetically informed study. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 91:1395-1413. [PMID: 34002376 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creativity is linked with educationally relevant constructs such as achievement, intelligence, and motivation. However, very few studies have explored longitudinal links between the constructs or the aetiology of individual differences in childhood creativity. AIMS The study addresses the gap in the literature of developmental studies on the relationship of creativity with other educationally relevant measures. Additionally, the present study is the first adequately powered genetically informative analysis of childhood creativity. SAMPLE(S) The present study utilized data from 1,306 twins, a subsample from a longitudinal, representative twin sample in the UK. METHODS Creativity was operationalised as a Creative Expressiveness score, using the Consensual Assessment Technique on stories written by 9-year-olds. Intelligence and writing motivation were assessed at age 9. Academic achievement was collected at ages 9, 12, and 16. RESULTS Creative Expressiveness was associated with intelligence and motivation, all measured at age 9. It also predicted variance in English grades at ages 9 and 16. The associations were weak, but significant, over and above intelligence, motivation, and earlier English grades. The variance in Creative Expressiveness was explained by genetic (35%), shared environmental (21%), and non-shared environmental (45%) influences. The phenotypic correlations with other study variables were mainly mediated genetically. CONCLUSIONS The results provide information that can be used for planning educational content. First, creativity can be detected in childhood writing. Second, childhood creativity may be overlooked in early educational assessments. Third, the results from the genetic analyses are important indications on the role of environments in the development of creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Toivainen
- Goldsmiths, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK.,The International Centre for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Russia
| | - Juan J Madrid-Valero
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Alicante, Spain
| | - Robert Chapman
- Goldsmiths, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK
| | - Andrew McMillan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Bonamy R Oliver
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, UK
| | - Yulia Kovas
- Goldsmiths, Department of Psychology, University of London, UK.,The International Centre for Research in Human Development, Tomsk State University, Russia.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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37
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Gerwig A, Miroshnik K, Forthmann B, Benedek M, Karwowski M, Holling H. The Relationship between Intelligence and Divergent Thinking-A Meta-Analytic Update. J Intell 2021; 9:jintelligence9020023. [PMID: 33923940 PMCID: PMC8167550 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a meta-analytic update on the relationship between intelligence and divergent thinking (DT), as research on this topic has increased, and methods have diversified since Kim’s meta-analysis in 2005. A three-level meta-analysis was used to analyze 849 correlation coefficients from 112 studies with an overall N = 34,610. The overall effect showed a significant positive correlation of r = .25. This increase of the correlation as compared to Kim’s prior meta-analytic findings could be attributed to the correction of attenuation because a difference between effect sizes prior-Kim vs. post-Kim was non-significant. Different moderators such as scoring methods, instructional settings, intelligence facets, and task modality were tested together with theoretically relevant interactions between some of these factors. These moderation analyses showed that the intelligence–DT relationship can be higher (up to r = .31–.37) when employing test-like assessments coupled with be-creative instructions, and considering DT originality scores. The facet of intelligence (g vs. gf vs. gc) did not affect the correlation between intelligence and DT. Furthermore, we found two significant sample characteristics: (a) average sample age was positively associated with the intelligence–DT correlation, and (b) the intelligence–DT correlation decreased for samples with increasing percentages of females in the samples. Finally, inter-moderator correlations were checked to take potential confounding into account, and also publication bias was assessed. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive picture of current research and possible research gaps. Theoretical implications, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gerwig
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Kirill Miroshnik
- Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Boris Forthmann
- Institute of Psychology in Education, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Mathias Benedek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maciej Karwowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Heinz Holling
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.G.); (H.H.)
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38
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Lu R, Zhang Y, Bao N, Su M, Zhang X, Shi J. Visuospatial, rather than verbal working memory capacity plays a key role in verbal and figural creativity. THINKING & REASONING 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2021.1911848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runhao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naili Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingli Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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39
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Vitrano D, Altarriba J, Leblebici‐Basar D. Revisiting Mednick’s (1962) Theory of Creativity with a Composite Measure of Creativity: The Effect of Stimulus Type on Word Association Production. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Brown MI, Wai J, Chabris CF. Can You Ever Be Too Smart for Your Own Good? Comparing Linear and Nonlinear Effects of Cognitive Ability on Life Outcomes. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 16:1337-1359. [PMID: 33682520 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620964122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite a long-standing expert consensus about the importance of cognitive ability for life outcomes, contrary views continue to proliferate in scholarly and popular literature. This divergence of beliefs presents an obstacle for evidence-based policymaking and decision-making in a variety of settings. One commonly held idea is that greater cognitive ability does not matter or is actually harmful beyond a certain point (sometimes stated as > 100 or 120 IQ points). We empirically tested these notions using data from four longitudinal, representative cohort studies comprising 48,558 participants in the United States and United Kingdom from 1957 to the present. We found that ability measured in youth has a positive association with most occupational, educational, health, and social outcomes later in life. Most effects were characterized by a moderate to strong linear trend or a practically null effect (mean R2 range = .002-.256). Nearly all nonlinear effects were practically insignificant in magnitude (mean incremental R2 = .001) or were not replicated across cohorts or survey waves. We found no support for any downside to higher ability and no evidence for a threshold beyond which greater scores cease to be beneficial. Thus, greater cognitive ability is generally advantageous-and virtually never detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt I Brown
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Wai
- Department of Education Reform, Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas
| | - Christopher F Chabris
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania
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41
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Salvi C, Leiker EK, Baricca B, Molinari MA, Eleopra R, Nichelli PF, Grafman J, Dunsmoor JE. The Effect of Dopaminergic Replacement Therapy on Creative Thinking and Insight Problem-Solving in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646448. [PMID: 33763005 PMCID: PMC7984162 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients receiving dopaminergic treatment may experience bursts of creativity. Although this phenomenon is sometimes recognized among patients and their clinicians, the association between dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) in PD patients and creativity remains underexplored. It is unclear, for instance, whether DRT affects creativity through convergent or divergent thinking, idea generation, or a general lack of inhibition. It is also unclear whether DRT only augments pre-existing creative attributes or generates creativity de novo. Here, we tested a group of PD patients when “on” and “off” dopaminergic treatment on a series of tests of creative problem-solving (Alternative Uses Task, Compound Remote Associates, Rebus Puzzles), and related their performance to a group of matched healthy controls as well as to their pre-PD creative skills and measures of inhibition/impulsivity. Results did not provide strong evidence that DRT improved creative thinking in PD patients. Rather, PD patients “on” medication showed less flexibility in divergent thinking, generated fewer ideas via insight, and showed worse performance in convergent thinking overall (by making more errors) than healthy controls. Pre-PD creative skills predicted enhanced flexibility and fluency in divergent thinking when PD patients were “on” medication. However, results on convergent thinking were mixed. Finally, PD patients who exhibited deficits in a measure of inhibitory control showed weaker convergent thinking while “on” medication, supporting previous evidence on the importance of inhibitory control in creative problem-solving. Altogether, results do not support the hypothesis that DRT promotes creative thinking in PD. We speculate that bursts of artistic production in PD are perhaps conflated with creativity due to lay conceptions of creativity (i.e., an art-bias).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Salvi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Emily K Leiker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Beatrix Baricca
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria A Molinari
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Movement Disorders Unit at the IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo F Nichelli
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino Estense, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, Cognitive Neurology, Alzheimer's Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph E Dunsmoor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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42
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Taylor CL, Zaghi AE. The Nuanced Relationship Between Creative Cognition and the Interaction Between Executive Functioning and Intelligence. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Patil AU, Madathil D, Huang CM. Healthy Aging Alters the Functional Connectivity of Creative Cognition in the Default Mode Network and Cerebellar Network. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:607988. [PMID: 33679372 PMCID: PMC7929978 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.607988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creativity is a higher-order neurocognitive process that produces unusual and unique thoughts. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies of younger adults have revealed that creative performance is the product of dynamic and spontaneous processes involving multiple cognitive functions and interactions between large-scale brain networks, including the default mode network (DMN), fronto-parietal executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN). In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study, group independent component analysis (group-ICA) and resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) measures were applied to examine whether and how various functional connected networks of the creative brain, particularly the default-executive and cerebro-cerebellar networks, are altered with advancing age. The group-ICA approach identified 11 major brain networks across age groups that reflected age-invariant resting-state networks. Compared with older adults, younger adults exhibited more specific and widespread dorsal network and sensorimotor network connectivity within and between the DMN, fronto-parietal ECN, and visual, auditory, and cerebellar networks associated with creativity. This outcome suggests age-specific changes in the functional connected network, particularly in the default-executive and cerebro-cerebellar networks. Our connectivity data further elucidate the critical roles of the cerebellum and cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in creativity in older adults. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence supporting the default-executive coupling hypothesis of aging and novel insights into the interactions of cerebro-cerebellar networks with creative cognition in older adults, which suggest alterations in the cognitive processes of the creative aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Uday Patil
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Madathil
- Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Stevenson C, Baas M, van der Maas H. A Minimal Theory of Creative Ability. J Intell 2021; 9:jintelligence9010009. [PMID: 33669216 PMCID: PMC8006236 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of extensive research on creativity, the field still combats psychometric problems when measuring individual differences in creative ability and people's potential to achieve real-world outcomes that are both original and useful. We think these seemingly technical issues have a conceptual origin. We therefore propose a minimal theory of creative ability (MTCA) to create a consistent conceptual theory to guide investigations of individual differences in creative ability. Building on robust theories and findings in creativity and individual differences research, our theory argues that creative ability, at a minimum, must include two facets: intelligence and expertise. So, the MTCA simply claims that whenever we do something creative, we use most of our cognitive abilities combined with relevant expertise to be creative. MTCA has important implications for creativity theory, measurement, and practice. However, the MTCA isn't necessarily true; it is a minimal theory. We discuss and reject several objections to the MTCA.
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45
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Frith E, Kane MJ, Welhaf MS, Christensen AP, Silvia PJ, Beaty RE. Keeping Creativity under Control: Contributions of Attention Control and Fluid Intelligence to Divergent Thinking. CREATIVITY RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2020.1855906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Frith
- The University of Mississippi
- Pennsylvania State University
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46
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Ramain J, Mohr C, Abu‐Akel A. How Cognitive Control, Autistic and Schizotypal Traits Shape Context Adaptation of Divergent Thinking. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Nakano TDC, Ribeiro WDJ, Virgolim AMR. Relationship between creativity and intelligence in regular students and giftedness students. PSICO-USF 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712021260109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The present study sought to identify the relationship between creativity and intelligence in gifted students. The sample consisted of 966 participants, aged between 7 and 17 years, classified as regular students (n=867) and criterion group (n=99), subdivided according to the area of prominence: academic (n=66), creative/artistic (n=33). The Giftedness Assessment Battery was applied to assess reasoning (verbal, logical, numerical, and abstract) and creativity (verbal and figural). The results indicated that, in the control group, the relationship between the total score for intelligence and the two types of creativity were significant and positive, and scores were higher for verbal creativity. Only the correlation between the total scores for intelligence and verbal creativity was positive and significant in the criterion group. Differences in the relationship between constructs were also found according to the identification of giftedness (academic and creative).
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48
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Intelligence and Creativity: Mapping Constructs on the Space-Time Continuum. J Intell 2020; 9:jintelligence9010001. [PMID: 33396809 PMCID: PMC7838770 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This theoretical article proposes a unified framework of analysis for the constructs of intelligence and creativity. General definitions for intelligence and creativity are provided, allowing fair comparisons between the two context-embedded constructs. A novel taxonomy is introduced to classify the contexts in which intelligent and/or creative behavior can be embedded, in terms of the tightness vs. looseness of the relevant conceptual space S and available time T. These two dimensions are used to form what is identified as the space-time continuum, containing four quadrants: tight space and tight time, loose space and tight time, tight space and loose time, loose space and loose time. The intelligence and creativity constructs can be mapped onto the four quadrants and found to overlap more or less, depending on the context characteristics. Measurement methodologies adapted to the four different quadrants are discussed. The article concludes with a discussion about future research directions based on the proposed theoretical framework, in terms of theories and hypotheses on intelligence and creativity, of eminent personalities and personality traits, as well as its consequences for developmental, educational, and professional environments.
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49
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Rastelli C, Greco A, Finocchiaro C. Revealing the Role of Divergent Thinking and Fluid Intelligence in Children's Semantic Memory Organization. J Intell 2020; 8:E43. [PMID: 33327564 PMCID: PMC7768431 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence8040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current theories suggest the fundamental role of semantic memory in creativity, mediating bottom-up (divergent thinking) and top-down (fluid intelligence) cognitive processes. However, the relationship between creativity, intelligence, and the organization of the semantic memory remains poorly-characterized in children. We investigated the ways in which individual differences in children's semantic memory structures are influenced by their divergent thinking and fluid intelligence abilities. The participants (mean age 10) were grouped by their levels (high/low) of divergent thinking and fluid intelligence. We applied a recently-developed Network Science approach in order to examine group-based semantic memory graphs. Networks were constructed from a semantic fluency task. The results revealed that divergent thinking abilities are related to a more flexible structure of the semantic network, while fluid intelligence corresponds to a more structured semantic network, in line with the previous findings from the adult sample. Our findings confirm the crucial role of semantic memory organization in creative performance, and demonstrate that this phenomenon can be traced back to childhood. Finally, we also corroborate the network science methodology as a valid approach to the study of creative cognition in the developmental population.
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50
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The relationship between methods of scoring the alternate uses task and the neural correlates of divergent thinking: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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