Effect of oridonin on oxylipins in the livers of mice with acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide

Isodon rubescens research literature based on Web of Science database for visual analysis: A review

Isodon rubescens has been used as an herbal medicine in China for a long time. The significant value of development and utilization is affirmative. Bibliometrics is used as an approach to sort out, analyze, and visualize relevant literature in a particular field. So, it can intuitively express the research trends, hot directions, significant achievements, core journals, and outstanding authors in the field. But there is no bibliometrics analysis of I rubescens. The relevant dataset was retrieved and exported from the Web of Science database, and the results were obtained and visualized using the R Programming Language, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, with the creation of time zone maps also using Scimago Graphica and Gephi. There were 506 valid data retrieved and 465 analyzed data selected. The country with the most significant number of publications is China, the institution with the largest annual publication volume is China Pharmaceutical University, the publication with the most relevant literature is the International Journal of Oncology, and the author with the most publications is Zhou. The keyword with the greatest intensity is "matastasis," which is also an emerging keyword. The role of I rubescens has been continuously diversifying. It has been proven to play a role in treating major diseases such as multiple cancers, leukemia, liver and kidney function impairment, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study will highlight the main research direction in this field, namely the use of I rubescens for the treatment of cancer.

Improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens through gut microbiota and oxylipin metabolism by Bacteroides fragilis: A potential involvement of arachidonic acid

Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), a crucial commensal bacterium within the gut, has shown connections with hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation regulation. Nonetheless, the role of B. fragilis in the progression of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) remains unknown. This study aims to explore the ameliorative effects of B. fragilis on FLHS in laying hens, as well as its underlying mechanisms. This is the first study to employ a chicken FLHS model, combining microbiomics and oxylipin metabolomics to investigate the mechanism of action of intestinal symbiotic bacteria. Exp. 1: 40 laying hens at 25 weeks old were randomly divided into five treatment groups (eight replicates per group and one hen per replicate), including the control group (basal diet), the high-energy and low-protein (HELP) group, and the HELP group with three different levels (108, 109, and 1010 CFU) of B. fragilis. Exp. 2: 18 chickens at 25 weeks old were randomly divided into three treatment groups (six replicates per group and one hen per replicate) including the control group (basal diet), the model group (HELP diet), and the arachidonic acid (AA) group (HELP diet with 0.3% AA). The experiment period of Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 were 8 weeks. B. fragilis significantly improved body weight of seventh week (P = 0.006), liver lipid degeneration, blood lipid levels (triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; P < 0.05), and liver function (alanine aminotransferase and aminotransferase; P < 0.05) in laying hens. B. fragilis downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and liver X receptor α, and inflammation-related genes tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the liver of FLHS-affected hens (P < 0.05), while upregulating the expression of lipid oxidation-related genes carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α, and PPARγ (P < 0.05). The in-depth analysis indicated alterations in oxylipin pathways triggered by B. fragilis, as evidenced by changes in the expression of pivotal genes arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (P < 0.05), subsequently causing modifications in relevant metabolites. This included a decrease in pro-inflammatory substances such as 15-oxoETE (P = 0.004), accompanied by an increase in AA (P = 0.008). B. fragilis regulated the homeostasis of intestinal flora by increasing the abundance of Bacteroides and decreasing the abundance of Succinatimonas and Faecalicoccus (P < 0.05). The integrated analysis revealed a robust positive correlation between Bacteroides abundance and AA levels (P = 0.007). This relationship was corroborated through in vitro experiments. Subsequently, the beneficial effect of AA in mitigating FLHS was confirmed in laying hens with FLHS, further supported by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrating gene expression patterns akin to B. fragilis intervention. This study demonstrated that B. fragilis exerts an anti-FLHS effect through modulation of oxylipin metabolism and gut microbiota stability, with a pivotal role played by AA.

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of phenolic compounds in rapeseed oil on advanced glycation end product formation in chemical and cellular models in vitro

Sinapic acid (SA), canolol (CAO) and canolol dimer (CAO dimer) are the main phenolic compounds in rapeseed oil. However, their possible efficacy against glycation remains unclear. This study aims to explore the impacts of these substances on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) based on chemical and cellular models in vitro. Based on fluorescence spectroscopy results, three chemical models of BSA-fructose, BSA-methylglyoxal (MGO), and arginine (Arg)-MGO showed that SA/CAO/CAO dimer could effectively reduce AGE formation but with different abilities. After SA/CAO/CAO dimer incubation, effective protection against BSA protein glycation was observed and three different MGO adducts were formed. In MGO-induced HUVEC cell models, only CAO and CAO dimer significantly inhibited oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, accompanied by the regulation of the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway. During the inhibition, 20 and 12 lipid mediators were reversed in the CAO and CAO dimer groups compared to the MGO group.

Huang Zhen mycoplasm polysaccharides mitigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet in mice: Evidence from hepatic metabolomics

HZMP-1 is a new polysaccharide isolated from Huang Zhen mycoplasm that contains seven monosaccharides, and it has an average molecular weight of 16.817 kDa. Its structural characteristics indicate that the surface of HZMP-1 is dense and rough, with some irregular protrusions. Animal experiments have shown that HZMP-1 can enhance liver protection, affect lipid-lowering indicators by reducing those related to lipid accumulation and damage in the serum and liver, upregulate genes that accelerate liver lipid oxidation and transport, downregulate genes that promote lipid deposition in the liver, increase the expression of lipid degradation proteins in the liver, and reduce the expression of lipid synthesis proteins. The improvement effect of HZMP-1 on NAFLD was further demonstrated using metabolomics methods. The results of this study indicated that HZMP-1 extracted from Huang Zhen mycoplasm significantly alleviates HFD-induced NAFLD in mice and has good potential for preventing and treating NAFLD.

Oridonin loaded peptide nanovesicles alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

This study was to construct a nanovesicle delivery system to improve the loading efficiency and stability of ORI for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This nanovesicles (NVs) exerted a narrow size distribution (195.6 ± 11.49 nm) and high entrapment efficiency (84.46 ± 1.34%). In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the NVs treatment enhanced the cellular uptake of ORI and reduced lipid over-accumulation and total cholesterol levels in NAFLD cell model. At the same time, in vivo study proved that, compared with the normal group, the model group mice showed a decrease in body weight, a significant increase in liver index (6.71 ± 0.62, p < 0.01), and symptoms of liver lipid accumulation, lipid vesicles, and liver tissue fibrosis. Compared with the model group, after high-dose ORI NVs intervention, mice gained weight, decreased liver index (4.69 ± 0.55, p < 0.01), reduced hepatic lipid droplet vacuoles, reduced lipid accumulation (reduced oil red area, p < 0.001), and alleviated the degree of liver fibrosis (reduced blue collagen area, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ORI/HP-β-CD/H9-HePC NVs showed specific liver accumulation and improved therapeutic effects, the nano drug loading system provides a promising strategy for the encapsulation of ORI to effectively alleviate the process of NAFLD.

Effects of Tylophora yunnanensis Schltr on regulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats by inhibiting the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Tylophora yunnanensis Schltr (TYS) is widely distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, and other places in China. It is commonly used by folks to treat hepatitis and other liver-related diseases; however, its mechanism of action is still unclear.

AIM OF THE STUDY

This study aimed to determine the effects of TYS on regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats by inhibiting the activation of NOD-like receptor protein3 (NLRP3).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An HFD-induced rat model was established to investigate if the intragastric administration of TYS could mediate gut microbiota and their metabolites to ultimately improve the symptoms of NASH. The improving effects of TYS on NASH rats were assessed by measuring their body weight, lipid levels, histopathology, and inflammatory factor levels in the rat models. The regulatory effects of TYS on NLRP3 in the NASH rats were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which determined the levels of NLRP3-related factors. The changes in the composition of the gut microbiota of NASH rats were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Meanwhile, the Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for the non-targeted analysis of metabolites in the cecum contents.

RESULTS

The results showed that TYS could improve NASH by decreasing the body weight and levels of lipid, AST, ALT, LPS, FFA, VLDL, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the NASH rats. The analysis of gut microbiota showed that TYS could improve the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota and alter their composition by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Christensenellaceae, Blautia, etc. while increasing those of Muribaculaceae, Rumiaococcus, Ruminococcaceae, etc. The analysis of metabolites in the cecum contents suggested that the arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion, serotonergic synapse, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, etc. were regulated by TYS. The metabolites enriched in these pathways mainly included chenodeoxycholic acid, prostaglandin D2, TXB2, 9-OxoODE, and 13(S)-HOTrE.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggested that TYS could alleviate the NASH symptoms by decreasing the body weight, regulating the lipid levels, reducing the inflammatory response, and inhibiting the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the NASH rats. The changes in the composition of gut microbiota and their metabolic disorder were closely related to the activation of NLRP3. TYS could significantly inhibit the activation of NLRP3 and regulate the composition of gut microbiota and the disorder of metabolites during NASH modeling.

Hepatic TGFβr1 Deficiency Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Failure Through Inhibiting GSK3β-Nrf2-Mediated Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Ferroptosis

BACKGROUND & AIMS

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a condition with high mortality and morbidity, characterized by glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ferroptosis may be involved in ALF. Indeed, emerging studies have shown that ferroptosis plays a significant role in ALF. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in hepatocytes during ALF remains unknown.

METHODS

Hepatic-specific transforming growth factor β receptor 1 knockout (TGFβr1^Δhep-CKO) mice and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 knockout (Nrf2^-/-) mice were generated and subjected to ALF. Electron microscopy was used to detect mitochondrial and other cell substructure changes during ALF.

RESULTS

In this study, we noticed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced caspases-mediated apoptosis as current research reported, we also found lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and glutathione, co-enzyme Q10 system inhibition mediated ferroptosis during LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. Rescue studies have shown that ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM), the inhibitor of ferroptosis, could alleviate LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF. In addition, we noticed that TGFβ1 was increased during ALF, while ALF was relieved in TGFβr1^Δhep-CKO mice. We also noticed that liver TGFβr1 deficiency alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis by affecting the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and Nrf2, a key antioxidant factor, by up-regulating the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), glutamine antiporter xCT (XCT), dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), and down-regulating transferrin receptor (TFR), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (Ptgs2), chaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1), and cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) expression. The further supplemental experiment showed that ferroptosis was aggravated significantly in Nrf2^-/- mice compared with its wild-type controls and reversed by ferrostatin-1.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that TGFβr1 plays a critical role in mediating LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF by promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the anti-oxidation and immune boosting effects of mulberry leaves in growing mutton sheep

Introduction

Currently, the anti-oxidation of active ingredients in mulberry leaves (MLs) and their forage utilization is receiving increasing attention. Here, we propose that MLs supplementation improves oxidative resistance and immunity.

Methods

We conducted a trial including three groups of growing mutton sheep, each receiving fermented mulberry leaves (FMLs) feeding, dried mulberry leaves (DMLs) feeding or normal control feeding without MLs.

Results

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that promoting anti-oxidation and enhancing disease resistance of MLs is attributed to improved tryptophan metabolic pathways and reduced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Furthermore, immunity was markedly increased after FMLs treatment by regulating glycolysis and mannose-6-phosphate pathways. Additionally, there was better average daily gain in the MLs treatment groups.

Conclusion

These findings provide new insights for understanding the beneficial effects of MLs in animal husbandry and provide a theoretical support for extensive application of MLs in improving nutrition and health care values.