6'-O-Galloylpaeoniflorin attenuates Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis via modulating Nrf2 pathway

Hyperoside Alleviates Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Epithelial Cell Injury by Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the major causative factor of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and other diseases. Gastric mucosal epithelial injury characterized by abnormal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation is a crucial mechanism of H. pylori infection. Hyperoside (HYP) is a flavonol glycoside derived from many herbal plants, which exhibits potent anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Our research explored whether it exerts protective effects on H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells. GES-1 cells were first treated for 24 h with HYP (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, or 120 μM) to determine the cytotoxicity of HYP. Subsequently, GES-1 cells were pre-treated for 4 h with HYP (80 μM), followed by exposure to H. pylori for 24 h. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, ELISA, RT-qPCR, DCFH-DA staining, the commercial assay kits, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting were used to assess cell viability, cell apoptosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress marker levels, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling-related molecule levels. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was employed to verify the beneficial role of Nrf2 activation in HYP-mediated GES-1 cell injury induced by H. pylori. The results showed that HYP pre-treatment reversed H. pylori-induced cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in GES-1 cells. Furthermore, HYP downregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 protein levels in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells. ML385 overturned the protective effects of HYP against H. pylori-induced GES-1 cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, HYP protects gastric epithelial cells against H. pylori-induced cell injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Diagnostic value of combined detection of three gastric functions and Helicobacter pylori typing in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer

This research attempted to clarify the clinical diagnostic value of combined detection of gastric function and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) serotyping in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer (GC). The 80 chronic non atrophic gastritis (CNAG) patients treated in our hospital from October 2021 to October 2022 received selection as the CNAG group. The 96 chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathology in the same period received selection as CAG group. During the same period, 50 patients diagnosed with GC received inclusion in GC group. Pepsin I (PG I), PG II (PG II), gastrin-17 (G-17) and Hp serotyping received detection and comparison in three groups. The diagnostic efficacy of PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, G-17, the ratio of serum PG I to PG II (PGR), and Hp serotyping in chronic gastritis and GC received evaluation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Relative to in the CNAG group, PG I and PGR levels in the other two groups exhibited depletion (P < 0.05); no statistical significance was observed in the PG II level among the three groups (P > 0.05); relative to the CNAG group, the G-17 level in the other two groups exhibited elevation (P < 0.05). Total Hp positive rate was 61.06 %, among which GC group exhibited the highest positive rate (72.00 %), and type I Hp positive rate also exhibited the highest in GC group (60.00 %). The type II Hp positive rate exhibited the highest in CNAG group (15.00 %). The PG I and PGR levels in type I Hp positive patients exhibited depletion relative to those in type II Hp positive patients, whereas PG II and G-17 levels exhibited elevation. When testing each indicator alone, the area under the curve (AUC) of PG I exhibited the highest in CNAG group, which was 0.874. When testing each indicator alone, AUC of Hp typing exhibited the highest in CAG group, which was 0.515. When testing each indicator alone, AUC of G-17 exhibited the highest in GC group, which was 0.787. The performance of combined detection was better than that of individual detection, with AUCs greater than 0.9 in three groups. In conclusion, changes in PG I, PG II, PGR and G-17 levels and Hp serotyping can receive application as screening indicators for chronic gastritis and GC, which can reflect relevant status of gastric mucosa to varying degrees. Combined detection of indicators has higher diagnostic performance and can receive application as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator in addition to gastroscopy biopsy, providing a reference basis for the formulation of clinical diagnosis and treatment plans.

Indole-3-Lactic Acid Derived from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Inhibits Helicobacter pylori Infection via Destruction of Bacteria Cells, Protection of Gastric Mucosa Epithelial Cells, and Alleviation of Inflammation

Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) has exhibited antimicrobial properties. However, its role in inhibiting Helicobacter pylori infection remains elusive. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of ILA produced by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on H. pylori, which was further confirmed by cell and animal experiments. 5 mg/mL ILA was sufficient to directly inhibit the growth of H. pylori in vitro, with a urease inhibitory activity reaching 60.94 ± 1.03%, and the cell morphology and structure were destroyed. ILA inhibited 56.5% adhesion of H. pylori to GES-1 and significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, ILA suppresses H. pylori colonization by approximately 38% to 63%, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in H. pylori-infected mice, and enhanced the enrichment and variety of gut microbiota, notably fostering the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. The results support that ILA derived from Lactobacillus can be applicated as a novel prebiotic in anti-H. pylori functional foods.

The Role and Mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba in Tumor Therapy

Tumors have a huge impact on human life and are now the main cause of disease-related deaths. The main means of treatment are surgery and radiotherapy, but they are more damaging to the organism and have a poor postoperative prognosis. Therefore, we urgently need safe and effective drugs to treat tumors. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used in tumor therapy as complementary and alternative therapies. Medicinal and edible herbs are popular and have become a hot topic of research, which not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities, but also have almost no side effects. Therefore, as a typical medicine and food homology, some components of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called Baishao in China) have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer. Numerous studies have also shown that Paeoniae Radix Alba and its active ingredients treat cancer through various pathways and are also one of the important components of many antitumor herbal compound formulas. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the intervention of Paeoniae Radix Alba in tumors and its mechanism of action in recent years and found that there is a large amount of literature on its effect on total glucosides of paeony (TGP) and paeoniflorin (PF), as well as an in-depth discussion of the mechanism of action of Paeoniae Radix Alba and its main constituents, with a view to promote the clinical development and application of Paeoniae Radix Alba in the field of antitumor management.

Natural products for gastric carcinoma prevention and treatment: Focus on their antioxidant stress actions in the Correa's cascade

BACKGROUND

Correa's cascade is a pathological process beginning from gastritis to gastric precancerous lesions, and finally to gastric carcinoma (GC). While the pathogenesis of GC remains unclear, oxidative stress plays a prominent role throughout the entire Correa's cascade process. Studies have shown that some natural products (NPs) could halt and even reverse the development of the Correa's cascade by targeting oxidative stress.

METHODS

To review the effects and mechanism by which NPs inhibit the Correa's cascade through targeting oxidative stress, data were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from initial establishment to April 2023. NPs were classified and summarized by their mechanisms of action.

RESULTS

NPs, such as terpenoid, polyphenols and alkaloids, exert multistep antioxidant stress effects on the Correa's cascade. These effects include preventing gastric mucosal inflammation (stage 1), reversing gastric precancerous lesions (stage 2), and inhibiting gastric carcinoma (stage 3). NPs can directly impact the conversion of gastritis to GC by targeting oxidative stress and modulating signaling pathways involving IL-8, Nrf2, TNF-α, NF-κB, and ROS/MAPK. Among which polyphenols have been studied more and are of high research value.

CONCLUSIONS

NPs display a beneficial multi-step action on the Correa's cascade, and have potential value for clinical application in the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer by regulating the level of oxidative stress.