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Cong Y, Guo R, Li C, Li Q, Qi S. Irisin protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1558457. [PMID: 40235548 PMCID: PMC11996646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1558457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury critically impacts stroke prognosis, yet effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, exhibits neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia. SIRT3, a mitochondrial deacetylase, is similarly implicated in mitigating ischemia-reperfusion injury. Given that irisin exerts protection via AMPK/PGC-1α pathway activation and SIRT3 acts downstream of PGC-1α , we hypothesized that SIRT3 mediates irisin's neuroprotection in CIR injury. Methods In vivo cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was modeled by inducing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice, while in vitro CIR conditions were replicated using oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC12 neuronal cultures. To elucidate the mechanistic role of SIRT3, targeted interventions were implemented: SIRT3 expression was silenced via transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA), and its enzymatic activity was pharmacologically inhibited using 3-TYP, a selective SIRT3 inhibitor. Apoptotic were systematically evaluated through TUNEL staining, Western blot analysis of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. Oxidative stress parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) content, were measured using colorimetric assays. Neurological function in mice was quantified using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS). Results Our results demonstrated that irisin mitigates apoptosis and oxidative stress by dose-dependently activating SIRT3 signaling. At the optimal dosage, irisin effectively restored SIRT3 expression levels, reduced neuronal damage, and improved neurological recovery in CIR injury models. Notably, the therapeutic effects of irisin were significantly attenuated by 3-TYP, a specific SIRT3 inhibitor. Further validation through in vitro experiments revealed that SIRT3 overexpression synergistically enhanced irisin-mediated protection against OGD-induced injury, whereas SIRT3 knockout substantially diminished its efficacy. Conclusion Our data shown that irisin exerted a protective role in CIR injury, at least in part, through SIRT3 activation. This study establishes the irisin/SIRT3 as a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke, providing mechanistic insights for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sihua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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2
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Lin K, Wang A, Zhai C, Zhao Y, Hu H, Huang D, Zhai Q, Yan Y, Ge J. Semaglutide protects against diabetes-associated cardiac inflammation via Sirt3-dependent RKIP pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 39710830 DOI: 10.1111/bph.17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert cardiovascular benefits in diabetic patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Semaglutide, a novel long-acting GLP-1RA, has shown a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Based on these results, we investigated the therapeutic potential of semaglutide in diabetic cardiomyopathy and sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet/streptozotocin were treated with semaglutide. The mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of semaglutide were analysed using animal and cell experiments. KEY RESULTS In diabetic mice, semaglutide alleviated metabolic disorders, ameliorated myocardial fibrosis, improved cardiac function, antagonized oxidative stress and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis. More significantly, semaglutide attenuated cardiac inflammation through restoring Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression and inhibiting downstream TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, decreased RKIP expression and activated TBK1-NF-κB signalling pathway were also found in tissues from human diabetic hearts. RKIP deficiency exacerbated cardiac inflammation and offset the cardioprotective effect of semaglutide in diabetic mice. Moreover, semaglutide also restored the expression level of Sirtuin 3(Sirt3), which served as a modulator against cardiac inflammation by regulating RKIP-dependent pathway. In diabetic mice, RKIP deficiency abolished the cardioprotective benefits conferred by the Sirt3 activator honokiol. We also found that cAMP/PKA signalling, rather than glucose lowering, contributed to the anti-inflammatory effect of semaglutide through Sirt3-dependent RKIP pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Semaglutide exerted cardioprotective effects against diabetic heart failure by alleviating cardiac inflammation through Sirt3-dependent RKIP signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changlin Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Heart Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao L, Tang H, Cheng Z. Pharmacotherapy of Liver Fibrosis and Hepatitis: Recent Advances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1724. [PMID: 39770566 PMCID: PMC11677259 DOI: 10.3390/ph17121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progressive scarring process primarily caused by chronic inflammation and injury, often closely associated with viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), drug-induced liver injury, and autoimmune liver disease (AILD). Currently, there are very few clinical antifibrotic drugs available, and effective targeted therapy is lacking. Recently, emerging antifibrotic drugs and immunomodulators have shown promising results in animal studies, and some have entered clinical research phases. This review aims to systematically review the molecular mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis, focusing on advancements in drug treatments for hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, since liver fibrosis is a progression or endpoint of many diseases, it is crucial to address the etiological treatment and secondary prevention for liver fibrosis. We will also review the pharmacological treatments available for common hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangtao Zhao
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Haolan Tang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
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Zhang X, He B, Lu J, Bao Q, Wang J, Yang Y. The crucial roles and research advances of cGAS‑STING pathway in liver diseases. Ann Med 2024; 56:2394588. [PMID: 39183465 PMCID: PMC11348815 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2394588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation responses have identified as a key mediator of in various liver diseases with high morbidity and mortality. cGAS-STING signalling is essential in innate immunity since it triggers release of type I interferons and various of proinflammatory cytokines. The potential connection between cGAS-STING pathway and liver inflammatory diseases has recently been reported widely. In our review, the impact of cGAS-STING on liver inflammation and regulatory mechanism are summarized. Furthermore, many inhibitors of cGAS-STING signalling as promising agents to cure liver inflammation are also explored in detail. A comprehensive knowledge of molecular mechanisms of cGAS-STING signalling in liver inflammation is vital for exploring novel treatments and providing recommendations and perspectives for future utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiongling Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yida Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Saad M, Ibrahim W, Hasanin AH, Elyamany AM, Matboli M. Evaluating the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered probiotic Zbiotics (ZB183) for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) management via modulation of the cGAS-STING pathway. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00477a. [PMID: 39290381 PMCID: PMC11403872 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
NAFLD/NASH has emerged as a global health concern with no FDA-approved treatment, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic elements for NASH. Probiotics are known as an important adjunct therapy in NASH. Zbiotics (ZB183) is the first commercially available genetically engineered probiotic. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Zbiotics administration on NASH management by modulating the cGAS-STING-signaling pathway-related RNA network. In silico data analysis was performed and three DEGs (MAPK3/EDN1/TNF) were selected with their epigenetic modulators (miR-6888-5p miRNA, and lncRNA RABGAP1L-DT-206). The experimental design included NASH induction with an HSHF diet in Wistar rats and Zbiotics administration in NASH rats in comparison to statin treatment. Liver functions and lipid profile were assessed. Additionally, the expression levels of the constructed molecular network were assessed using RT-PCR. Moreover, the Zbiotics effects in NASH were further validated with histopathological examination of liver and colon samples. Also, immunohistochemistry staining of hepatic TNF-α and colonic occludin was assessed. Oral administration of Zbiotics for four weeks downregulated the expression of the cGAS-STING-related network (MAPK3/EDN1/TNF/miR-6888-5p miRNA/lncRNA RABGAP1L-DT-206) in NASH models. Zbiotics also ameliorated hepatic inflammation and steatosis, as evidenced by a notable improvement in NAS score and decreased hepatic TNF-α levels. Furthermore, Zbiotics exhibited favorable effects on colon health, including increased crypt length, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and restoration of colonic mucosa occludin expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Zbiotics has potential therapeutic effects on NASH via modulating the gut-liver axis and the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information Cairo Egypt
- Biomedical Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for technology and information Cairo Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Walaa Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Amany Helmy Hasanin
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Aya Magdy Elyamany
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Departement of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
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6
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Zhou S, Cheng K, Peng Y, Liu Y, Hu Q, Zeng S, Qi X, Yu L. Regulation mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress on metabolic enzymes in liver diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107332. [PMID: 39089398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in protein folding and secretion, Ca2+ storage, and lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells. When the burden of protein synthesis and folding required to be handled exceeds the processing capacity of the ER, the accumulation of misfolded/unfolded proteins triggers ER stress. In response to short-term ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to allow cells to survive. When ER stress is severe and sustained, it typically provokes cell death through multiple approaches. It is well documented that ER stress and metabolic deregulation are functionally intertwined, both are considered contributing factors to the pathogenesis of liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocytes are rich in smooth and rough ER, which harbor metabolic enzymes that are capable of sensing alterations in various nutritional status and external stimuli. Extensive research has focused on the molecular mechanism linking ER stress with metabolic enzymes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of ER stress on metabolic enzymes in various liver diseases and to provide potential therapeutic strategies for chronic liver diseases via targeting UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaiwen Cheng
- Medical Research Center, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingqing Hu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 322023, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuchen Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China.
| | - Lushan Yu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310024, China; Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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7
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Lai W, Yu J, Wen D. Diagnosis and Molecular Characterization of Potential RNA Binding Protein Involved in the Pathogenesis of Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:4881-4893. [PMID: 39070133 PMCID: PMC11278829 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s468828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia-reperfusion is one of the common complications after liver surgery. Uncontrolled liver ischemia-reperfusion will lead to many serious consequences such as surgical failure. It is an urgent clinical problem to search for diagnostic markers and explore its potential pathogenesis. METHODS In this study, we focus on 1411 candidate RNA binding protein. Through several GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) online datasets, we construct a diagnostic model and perform interactive validation. We evaluate the efficacy of the prognostic model. Using bioinformatics methods, we predicted the relevant signaling pathways of liver ischemia-reperfusion and key genes. We also evaluated the association of RNA binding protein with immune cell infiltration. Single cell sequencing datasets were used to explore the expression profiles of key genes at the single cell level. Machine learning algorithm is used to predict key gene RNA binding domains. RESULTS ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) and DCA (Decision Curve Analysis) curves showed that the above diagnostic model had good and stable diagnostic efficacy and clinical practicability. We identified three key genes (BTG2, CCNL1 and DNAJB1) in liver ischemia-reperfusion. DNAJB1, BTG2 and CCNL1 are mainly expressed in immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, and are closely related to inflammatory pathways such as TNF-α, highlighting their importance in hepatic ischemia reperfusion. We identified RNA-binding domains of the above three genes. We found that the expression of DNAJB1, CCNL1 and BTG2 in the ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group. CONCLUSION Our study revealed the importance of the candidate RNA binding protein in liver ischemia reperfusion injury and provided new insights into the therapeutic of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiju Lai
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing FuLing Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajian Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Chongqing Fuling Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Diguang Wen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Yao S, Kasargod A, Chiu R, Torgerson TR, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Dery KJ. The Coming Age of Antisense Oligos for the Treatment of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion (IRI) and Other Liver Disorders: Role of Oxidative Stress and Potential Antioxidant Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:678. [PMID: 38929116 PMCID: PMC11200799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in the redox state of the liver arise during metabolic processes, inflammatory injuries, and proliferative liver disorders. Acute exposure to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) results from high levels of oxidative stress (OxS) that occur in response to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and metabolic diseases of the liver. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an emerging class of gene expression modulators that target RNA molecules by Watson-Crick binding specificity, leading to RNA degradation, splicing modulation, and/or translation interference. Here, we review ASO inhibitor/activator strategies to modulate transcription and translation that control the expression of enzymes, transcription factors, and intracellular sensors of DNA damage. Several small-interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs with N-acetyl galactosamine moieties for the liver have recently been approved. Preclinical studies using short-activating RNAs (saRNAs), phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are at the forefront of proof-in-concept therapeutics. Future research targeting intracellular OxS-related pathways in the liver may help realize the promise of precision medicine, revolutionizing the customary approach to caring for and treating individuals afflicted with liver-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth J. Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Sheng MY, Peng DW, Peng HM, Zhang YL, Xiao L, Zhang MR, Wang SY, Zhao CP, Zhu SY, Lu JK, Lin L, Huang R, Nie J, Fang JB. Effective substances and molecular mechanisms guided by network pharmacology: An example study of Scrophulariae Radix treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormone-induced liver and kidney injuries. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117965. [PMID: 38423410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen [XS]) has been used for several years to treat hyperthyroidism. However, its effective substances and pharmacological mechanisms in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormone-induced liver and kidney injuries have not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the pharmacological material basis and potential mechanism of XS therapy for hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormone-induced liver and kidney injuries based on network pharmacology prediction and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on 31 in vivo XS compounds identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadruple exactive orbitrap high-resolution accurate-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-HRMS), a network pharmacology approach was used for mechanism prediction. Systematic networks were constructed to identify the potential molecular targets, biological processes (BP), and signaling pathways. A component-target-pathway network was established. Mice were administered levothyroxine sodium through gavage for 30 d and then treated with different doses of XS extract with or without propylthiouracil (PTU) for 30 d. Blood, liver, and kidney samples were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting. RESULTS A total of 31 prototypes, 60 Phase I metabolites, and 23 Phase II metabolites were tentatively identified in the plasma of rats following the oral administration of XS extract. Ninety-six potential common targets between the 31 in vivo compounds and the diseases were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that Bcl-2, BAD, JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 were the top targets. XS extract with or without PTU had the following effects: inhibition of T3/T4/fT3/fT4 caused by levothyroxine; increase of TSH levels in serum; restoration of thyroid structure; improvement of liver and kidney structure and function by elevating the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); activation anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2; inhibition the apoptotic protein p-BAD; downregulation inflammation-related proteins p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, and p-p38; and inhibition of the aggregation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as immune cells in the liver. CONCLUSION XS can be used to treat hyperthyroidism and liver and kidney injuries caused by thyroid hormones through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. In addition, serum pharmacochemical analysis revealed that five active compounds, namely 4-methylcatechol, sugiol, eugenol, acetovanillone, and oleic acid, have diverse metabolic pathways in vivo and exhibit potential as effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, 430064, China; Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - De-Wei Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Peng
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Ling Xiao
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Meng-Ru Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chuan-Peng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Si-Ying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jian-Kang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Jing Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Jin-Bo Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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Tan S, Lu X, Chen W, Pan B, Kong G, Wei L. Analysis and experimental validation of IL-17 pathway and key genes as central roles associated with inflammation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6423. [PMID: 38494504 PMCID: PMC10944831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) elicits an immune-inflammatory response that may result in hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis, ultimately culminating in postoperative hepatic dysfunction and hepatic failure. The precise mechanisms governing the pathophysiology of HIRI remain incompletely understood, necessitating further investigation into key molecules and pathways implicated in disease progression to guide drug discovery and potential therapeutic interventions. Gene microarray data was downloaded from the GEO expression profile database. Integrated bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify HIRI signature genes, which were subsequently validated for expression levels and diagnostic efficacy. Finally, the gene expression was verified in an experimental HIRI model and the effect of anti-IL17A antibody intervention in three time points (including pre-ischemic, post-ischemic, and at 1 h of reperfusion) on HIRI and the expression of these genes was investigated. Bioinformatic analyses of the screened characterized genes revealed that inflammation, immune response, and cell death modulation were significantly associated with HIRI pathophysiology. CCL2, BTG2, GADD45A, FOS, CXCL10, TNFRSF12A, and IL-17 pathway were identified as key components involved in the HIRI. Serum and liver IL-17A expression were significantly upregulated during the initial phase of HIRI. Pretreatment with anti-IL-17A antibody effectively alleviated the damage of liver tissue, suppressed inflammatory factors, and serum transaminase levels, and downregulated the mRNA expression of CCL2, GADD45A, FOS, CXCL10, and TNFRSF12A. Injection of anti-IL17A antibody after ischemia and at 1 h of reperfusion failed to demonstrate anti-inflammatory and attenuating HIRI benefits relative to earlier intervention. Our study reveals that the IL-17 pathway and related genes may be involved in the proinflammatory mechanism of HIRI, which may provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyou Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Bingbing Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Gaoyin Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Jiefang West Road NO. 61, Changsha, 410005, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology of ERAS in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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