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Samim AR, Vaseem H. Exposure to Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Alterations in Antioxidant System, Metabolic Enzymes and Nutritional Composition in Muscles of Heteropneustes fossilis. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:79. [PMID: 37041292 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed to explore potential toxic effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) on muscle tissue of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Fishes were exposed to different concentrations of NiO NPs (12 mg/L, 24 mg/L, 36 mg/L and 48 mg/L) for a period of 14 days. Results revealed that NiO NPs caused significant increase in Ni accumulation, metallothionein content, lipid peroxidation and activity of different antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione s transferase and glutathione reductase) while decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05). Data also reported induction of Na+/K+ ATPase activity initially and then its decrease in concentration dependent manner. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed shift and changes in spectra of muscle of NiO NPs treated fishes. Fluctuations in activity of aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase were also noticed. Nutritional contents like protein, lipid, and moisture significantly reduced while glucose and ash percent increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rouf Samim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Huma Vaseem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Liao X, Li X, Liu R. Extracellular-matrix mechanics regulate cellular metabolism: A ninja warrior behind mechano-chemo signaling crosstalk. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:207-220. [PMID: 36385696 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are the indispensable constituent of environmental cues, such as gravity, barometric pressure, vibration, and contact with bodies, which are involved in pattern and organogenesis, providing mechanical input to tissues and determining the ultimate fate of cells. Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, the slow elastic force, carries the external physical force load onto the cell or outputs the internal force exerted by the cell and its neighbors into the environment. Accumulating evidence illustrates the pivotal role of ECM stiffness in the regulation of organogenesis, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and the development of multiple diseases, which is largely fulfilled through its systematical impact on cellular metabolism. This review summarizes the establishment and regulation of ECM stiffness, the mechanisms underlying how ECM stiffness is sensed by cells and signals to modulate diverse cell metabolic pathways, and the physiological and pathological significance of the ECM stiffness-cell metabolism axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Fukushi A, Kim HD, Chang YC, Kim CH. Revisited Metabolic Control and Reprogramming Cancers by Means of the Warburg Effect in Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710037. [PMID: 36077431 PMCID: PMC9456516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is an emerging hallmark of many human cancers, as cancer cells are defined as a “metabolically abnormal system”. Carbohydrates are metabolically reprogrammed by its metabolizing and catabolizing enzymes in such abnormal cancer cells. Normal cells acquire their energy from oxidative phosphorylation, while cancer cells acquire their energy from oxidative glycolysis, known as the “Warburg effect”. Energy–metabolic differences are easily found in the growth, invasion, immune escape and anti-tumor drug resistance of cancer cells. The glycolysis pathway is carried out in multiple enzymatic steps and yields two pyruvate molecules from one glucose (Glc) molecule by orchestral reaction of enzymes. Uncontrolled glycolysis or abnormally activated glycolysis is easily observed in the metabolism of cancer cells with enhanced levels of glycolytic proteins and enzymatic activities. In the “Warburg effect”, tumor cells utilize energy supplied from lactic acid-based fermentative glycolysis operated by glycolysis-specific enzymes of hexokinase (HK), keto-HK-A, Glc-6-phosphate isomerase, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), phosphor-Glc isomerase (PGI), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, phosphoglycerate (PG) kinase (PGK)1, triose phosphate isomerase, PG mutase (PGAM), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), PDH kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. They are related to glycolytic flux. The key enzymes involved in glycolysis are directly linked to oncogenesis and drug resistance. Among the metabolic enzymes, PKM2, PGK1, HK, keto-HK-A and nucleoside diphosphate kinase also have protein kinase activities. Because glycolysis-generated energy is not enough, the cancer cell-favored glycolysis to produce low ATP level seems to be non-efficient for cancer growth and self-protection. Thus, the Warburg effect is still an attractive phenomenon to understand the metabolic glycolysis favored in cancer. If the basic properties of the Warburg effect, including genetic mutations and signaling shifts are considered, anti-cancer therapeutic targets can be raised. Specific therapeutics targeting metabolic enzymes in aerobic glycolysis and hypoxic microenvironments have been developed to kill tumor cells. The present review deals with the tumor-specific Warburg effect with the revisited viewpoint of recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abekura Fukushi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hee-Do Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedicine Imaging and Radiological Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.K.); Fax: +82-31-290-7015 (C.-H.K.)
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (C.-H.K.); Fax: +82-31-290-7015 (C.-H.K.)
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Zhang W, He X, Yin H, Cao W, Lin T, Chen W, Diao W, Ding M, Hu H, Mo W, Zhang Q, Guo H. Allosteric activation of the metabolic enzyme GPD1 inhibits bladder cancer growth via the lysoPC-PAFR-TRPV2 axis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:93. [PMID: 35836291 PMCID: PMC9284842 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Surgical resection and chemotherapy are the two mainstream treatments for bladder cancer. However, the outcomes are not satisfactory for patients with advanced bladder cancer. There is a need to further explore more effective targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS Proteomics were performed to compare protein expression differences between human bladder cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The function of GPD1 on bladder cancer cells were confirmed through in vivo and in vitro assays. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GPD1. Virtual screening was used to identify allosteric activator of GPD1. RESULTS Here, we used proteomics to find that GPD1 expression was at low levels in bladder cancer tissues. Further investigation showed that GPD1 overexpression significantly promoted apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Based on transcriptomics and metabolomics, GPD1 promotes Ca2+ influx and apoptosis of tumor cells via the lysoPC-PAFR-TRPV2 axis. Finally, we performed a virtual screening to obtain the GPD1 allosteric activator wedelolactone and demonstrated its ability to inhibit bladder tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that GPD1 may act as a novel tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. Pharmacological activation of GPD1 is a potential therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoli Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenmin Cao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingsheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Diao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Mo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Agyekum TP, Arko-Mensah J, Botwe PK, Hogarh JN, Issah I, Dadzie SK, Dwomoh D, Billah MK, Robins T, Fobil JN. Relationship between temperature and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes' susceptibility to pyrethroids and expression of metabolic enzymes. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:163. [PMID: 35527275 PMCID: PMC9080126 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains one of the most devastating diseases globally, and the control of mosquitoes as the vector is mainly dependent on chemical insecticides. Elevated temperatures associated with future warmer climates could affect mosquitoes' metabolic enzyme expression and increase insecticide resistance, making vector control difficult. Understanding how mosquito rearing temperatures influence their susceptibility to insecticide and expression of metabolic enzymes could aid in the development of novel tools and strategies to control mosquitoes in a future warmer climate. This study evaluated the effects of temperature on the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes to pyrethroids and their expression of metabolic enzymes. Methods Anopheles gambiae s.l. eggs obtained from laboratory-established colonies were reared under eight temperature regimes (25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40 °C). Upon adult emergence, 3- to 5-day-old female non-blood-fed mosquitoes were used for susceptibility tests following the World Health Organization (WHO) bioassay protocol. Batches of 20–25 mosquitoes from each temperature regime (25–34 °C) were exposed to two pyrethroid insecticides (0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin). In addition, the levels of four metabolic enzymes (α-esterase, β-esterase, glutathione S-transferase [GST], and mixed-function oxidase [MFO]) were examined in mosquitoes that were not exposed and those that were exposed to pyrethroids. Results Mortality in An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin and permethrin decreased at temperatures above 28 °C. In addition, mosquitoes reared at higher temperatures were more resistant and had more elevated enzyme levels than those raised at low temperatures. Overall, mosquitoes that survived after being exposed to pyrethroids had higher levels of metabolic enzymes than those that were not exposed to pyrethroids. Conclusions This study provides evidence that elevated temperatures decreased An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes' susceptibility to pyrethroids and increased the expression of metabolic enzymes. This evidence suggests that elevated temperatures projected in a future warmer climate could increase mosquitoes' resistance to insecticides and complicate malaria vector control measures. This study therefore provides vital information, and suggests useful areas of future research, on the effects of temperature variability on mosquitoes that could guide vector control measures in a future warmer climate. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05273-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Peprah Agyekum
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana.
| | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Paul Kingsley Botwe
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Nartey Hogarh
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ibrahim Issah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kweku Dadzie
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Kelvin Billah
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 67, Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas Robins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julius Najah Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
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Zhang Y, Yan T, Wang T, Liu X, Hamada K, Sun D, Sun Y, Yang Y, Wang J, Takahashi S, Wang Q, Krausz KW, Jiang C, Xie C, Yang X, Gonzalez FJ. Crosstalk between CYP2E1 and PPAR α substrates and agonists modulate adipose browning and obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2224-2238. [PMID: 35646522 PMCID: PMC9136617 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the functions of metabolic enzymes and nuclear receptors in controlling physiological homeostasis have been established, their crosstalk in modulating metabolic disease has not been explored. Genetic ablation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 in mice markedly induced adipose browning and increased energy expenditure to improve obesity. CYP2E1 deficiency activated the expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) target genes, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, that upon release from the liver, enhanced adipose browning and energy expenditure to decrease obesity. Nineteen metabolites were increased in Cyp2e1-null mice as revealed by global untargeted metabolomics, among which four compounds, lysophosphatidylcholine and three polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be directly metabolized by CYP2E1 and to serve as PPARα agonists, thus explaining how CYP2E1 deficiency causes hepatic PPARα activation through increasing cellular levels of endogenous PPARα agonists. Translationally, a CYP2E1 inhibitor was found to activate the PPARα–FGF21–beige adipose axis and decrease obesity in wild-type mice, but not in liver-specific Ppara-null mice. The present results establish a metabolic crosstalk between PPARα and CYP2E1 that supports the potential for a novel anti-obesity strategy of activating adipose tissue browning by targeting the CYP2E1 to modulate endogenous metabolites beyond its canonical role in xenobiotic-metabolism.
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Liao X, Guo Y, He Y, Xiao Y, Li J, Liu R. Metabolic enzymes function as epigenetic modulators: A Trojan Horse for chromatin regulation and gene expression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105834. [PMID: 34450321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a fundamental biological process in living organisms, which has significant impact on health and behavior. Metabolism refers to a set of life-sustaining chemical reactions, including the uptake of nutrients, the subsequent conversion of nutrients into energy or building blocks for organism growth, and finally the clearance of redundant or toxic substances. It is well established that epigenetic modifications govern the metabolic profile of a cell by modulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. Strikingly, almost all the epigenetic modifications require substrates produced by cellular metabolism, and a large proportion of metabolic enzymes can transfer into nucleus to locally produce substrates for epigenetic modification, thereby providing an alternative link between metabolism, epigenetic modification and gene expression. Here, we summarize the recent literature pertinent to metabolic enzymes functioning as epigenetic modulators in the regulation of chromatin architecture and gene expression.
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Simonet JC, Foster MJ, Lynch EM, Kollman JM, Nicholas E, O'Reilly AM, Peterson JR. CTP synthase polymerization in germline cells of the developing Drosophila egg supports egg production. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio050328. [PMID: 32580972 PMCID: PMC7390647 DOI: 10.1242/bio.050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of metabolic enzymes into micron-scale assemblies is an emerging mechanism for regulating their activity. CTP synthase (CTPS) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of the nucleotide CTP and undergoes regulated and reversible assembly into large filamentous structures in organisms from bacteria to humans. The purpose of these assemblies is unclear. A major challenge to addressing this question has been the inability to abolish assembly without eliminating CTPS protein. Here we demonstrate that a recently reported point mutant in CTPS, Histidine 355A (H355A), prevents CTPS filament assembly in vivo and dominantly inhibits the assembly of endogenous wild-type CTPS in the Drosophila ovary. Expressing this mutant in ovarian germline cells, we show that disruption of CTPS assembly in early stage egg chambers reduces egg production. This effect is exacerbated in flies fed the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, which inhibits de novo CTP synthesis. These findings introduce a general approach to blocking the assembly of polymerizing enzymes without eliminating their catalytic activity and demonstrate a role for CTPS assembly in supporting egg production, particularly under conditions of limited glutamine metabolism.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Simonet
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Maya J Foster
- Immersion Science Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Eric M Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Nicholas
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alana M O'Reilly
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Peterson
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Katsube T, Inoue Y, Fukuhara T, Kano T, Wajima T. Evaluation of drug-drug interaction of lusutrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, via metabolic enzymes and transporters. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1659-1665. [PMID: 32666123 PMCID: PMC7661413 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials of lusutrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and of cyclosporine, which inhibits P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein, on lusutrombopag pharmacokinetics were assessed via clinical studies and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Methods The effect of lusutrombopag on midazolam (a CYP3A probe substrate) pharmacokinetics was assessed in 15 healthy subjects receiving a single midazolam 5-mg dose with or without coadministration of lusutrombopag 0.75 mg for 6 days (first dose: 1.5-mg dose). The effect of cyclosporine on lusutrombopag pharmacokinetics was assessed in 16 healthy subjects receiving a single lusutrombopag 3-mg dose with or without a single cyclosporine 400- to 600-mg dose. PBPK modeling was employed to extrapolate the effect of lusutrombopag at the clinical dose (3 mg once daily) on midazolam pharmacokinetics. Results In the clinical study, mean ratios (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of with/without lusutrombopag for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of midazolam were 1.01 (0.908–1.13) and 1.04 (0.967–1.11), respectively, indicating no effect of lusutrombopag on midazolam pharmacokinetics. PBPK modeling suggested no effect of lusutrombopag at the clinical dose on midazolam pharmacokinetics. Mean ratios (90% CIs) of with/without cyclosporine for lusutrombopag Cmax and AUC were 1.18 (1.11–1.24) and 1.19 (1.13–1.25), respectively, indicating a slight increase in lusutrombopag exposure. Conclusions In consideration with in vitro data, the in vivo and in silico results suggested no clinically significant DDI potential of lusutrombopag with other medical products via metabolic enzymes and transporters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00228-020-02960-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Katsube
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-4, Shibata 1-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0012, Japan.
| | - Yuji Inoue
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuhara
- Clinical Research Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-4, Shibata 1-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kano
- Clinical Research Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-4, Shibata 1-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0012, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Wajima
- Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacokinetics, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-4, Shibata 1-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, 530-0012, Japan
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Jin M, Cheng Y, Guo X, Li M, Chakrabarty S, Liu K, Wu K, Xiao Y. Down-regulation of lysosomal protein ABCB6 increases gossypol susceptibility in Helicoverpa armigera. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 122:103387. [PMID: 32360956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is the major insect herbivore of cotton plants. As its larvae feed and grow on cotton, H. armigera can likely tolerate gossypol, the main defense metabolite produced by cotton plants, through detoxification and sequestration mechanisms. Recent reports have shown that various P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyltransferases in H. armigera are involved in gossypol detoxification, while the roles of ABC transporters, another gene family widely associated with metabolite detoxification, remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that ingestion of gossypol-infused artificial diet and cotton leaves significantly induced the expression of HaABCB6 in H. armigera larvae. Knockdown and knockout of HaABCB6 increased sensitivity of H. armigera larvae to gossypol. Moreover, HaABCB6-GFP fusion protein was localized on lysosomes in Hi5 cells and its overexpression significantly enhanced gossypol tolerance in vitro. These experimental results strongly support that HaABCB6 plays an important role in gossypol detoxification by H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xueqin Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Meizhi Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu JL. The atlas of cytoophidia in Drosophila larvae. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:321-331. [PMID: 32912804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2010, cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase (CTPS) was reported to form the filamentous or serpentine structure in Drosophila, which we termed the cytoophidium. In the last decade, CTPS filaments/cytoophidia have been found in bacteria, budding yeast, human cells, mice, fission yeast, plants, and archaea, indicating that this mechanism is highly conserved in evolution. In addition to CTPS, other metabolic enzymes have been identified to have the characteristics of forming cytoophidia or similar advanced structures, demonstrating that this is a basic strategy of cells. Nevertheless, our understanding of the physiological function of the cytoophidium remains incomplete and elusive. Here, we took the larva of Drosophila melanogaster as a model to systematically describe the localization and distribution of cytoophidia in different tissues during larval development. We found that the distribution pattern of CTPS cytoophidia is dynamic and heterogenic in larval tissues. Our study provides a road map for further understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of cytoophidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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12
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Xiao Q, Zhang S, Ren H, Du R, Li J, Zhao J, Gao Y, Zhu Y, Huang W. Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats via activating farnesoid X receptor and regulating transporters and metabolic enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 324:109062. [PMID: 32198087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is an active ingredient extracted from the roots of ginsenoside, and an α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced rat model of intrahepatic cholestasis was used to investigate the protective effect of Rg1 on cholestasis. 48 SD male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, model group, UDCA group (ursodeoxycholic acid), low-dose Rg1 group (10 mg/kg), medium-dose Rg1 group (20 mg/kg) and high-dose Rg1 group (40 mg/kg). The model group, the UDCA group and all the Rg1 group were then intragastrically administered with 80 mg/kg ANIT, and the control group were given equal volume of olive oil. Then the pathological changes in liver tissue were observed, the secretion of bile in the bile duct was measured, and the biochemical markers in serum were quantified, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transfer peptidase (GTP) and the content of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bile acid (TBA). The contents of inflammatory mediators in serum were quantified, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver homogenate were quantified. Expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), transporters and metabolic enzymes in liver tissue was monitored. Rg1 treatment improved liver tissue pathological damage, promoted bile secretion and significantly reduced serum levels of the intrahepatic cholestasis markers ALT, AST, ALP, GTP, TBIL, DBIL and TBA. Rg1 increased the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver homogenate, while, reducing the serum levels of MDA and inflammatory mediators. Rg1 also regulated the expression of FXR, bile acid transporters and metabolic enzymes. Overall, Rg1 alleviated liver injury by improving secretion of bile and normalizing the activity of enzymes in the serum. The protective mechanism appeared to be related to the activation of FXR and regulation of liver transporters and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huina Ren
- Department of General Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Bishan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyang Du
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Lynch EM, Kollman JM, Webb BA. Filament formation by metabolic enzymes-A new twist on regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:28-33. [PMID: 32417394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization of metabolic enzymes through protein-protein interactions is an emerging mechanism for localizing and regulating metabolic activity. Self-assembly into linear filaments is a common strategy for cellular compartmentalization of enzymes. Polymerization is often driven by changes in the metabolic state of the cell, suggesting that it is a strategy for shifting metabolic flux in response to cellular demand. Although polymerization of metabolic enzymes is widespread, observed from bacteria to humans, we are just beginning to appreciate their role in regulating cellular metabolism. In most cases, one functional role of metabolic enzyme filaments is allosteric control of enzyme activity. Here, we highlight recent findings, providing insight into the structural and functional significance of filamentation of metabolic enzymes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, USA
| | | | - Bradley A Webb
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, USA.
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14
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Sun C, Wang F, Wang X, Geng Y, Song S, Yu Z, Liu W. The choice of tissue fixative is a key determinant for mass spectrometry imaging based tumor metabolic reprogramming characterization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3123-34. [PMID: 32236659 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The application of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) for the study of spatiotemporal alterations of the metabolites in tumors has brought a number of significant biological results. At present, metabolite profiling based on MSI is typically performed on frozen tissue sections; however, the majority of clinical specimens need to be fixed in tissue fixative to avoid autolysis and to preserve antigenicity. In this study, we present the global impacts of different fixatives on the MS imaging of gastric cancer tissue metabolites. The MSI performances of 17 kinds of metabolites, such as amino acids, polyamines, cholines, organic acids, polypeptides, nucleotides, nucleosides, nitrogen bases, cholesterols, fatty acids, and phospholipids, in untreated, 10% formalin-, 4% paraformaldehyde-, acetone-, and 95% ethanol-fixed gastric cancer tissues were thoroughly explored for the first time. Furthermore, we also investigated the spatial expressions of 6 metabolic enzymes, namely, GLS, FASN, CHKA, PLD2, cPLA2, and EGFR, closely related to tumor-associated metabolites. Immunohistochemical staining carried out on the same tissue sections' which have undergone MSI analysis' suggests that enzymatic characterization is feasible after metabolite imaging. Combining the spatial signatures of metabolites and pathway-related metabolic enzymes in heterogeneous tumor tissues offers an insight to understand the complex tumor metabolism. Graphical abstract.
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15
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Guest PC. Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Combined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Eye Lens to Identify Biomarkers of Age-Related Cataract. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:217-231. [PMID: 32219751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the analysis of rat eye lens proteins. The main purpose was to identify proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers in age-related cataract formation. This includes the family of proteins known as the crystallins. Structural proteins and enzymes involved antioxidant activities. In addition, we also analyzed lenses from other species to illustrate the potential of using this technique in clinical and preclinical biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Yang R, Zhang G, Li S, Moazeni F, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang W, Chen T, Liu G, Zhang B, Wu X. Degradation of crude oil by mixed cultures of bacteria isolated from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and comparative analysis of metabolic mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1834-1847. [PMID: 30456621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the biodegradation of crude oil by a mixed culture of bacteria isolated from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and the gravimetric method. The results showed that a mixed culture has a stronger ability to degrade hydrocarbon than pure cultures. Once both Nocardia soli Y48 and Rhodococcus erythropolis YF28-1 (8) were present in a culture, the culture demonstrated the highest crude oil removal efficiency of almost 100% after 10 days of incubation at 20 °C. Moreover, further analysis of the degradation mechanisms used by the above strains, which revealed utilization of different n-alkane substrates, indicated the diversity of evolution and variations in different strains, as well as the importance of multiple metabolic mechanisms for alkane degradation. Therefore, it is concluded that a mixed culture of Y48 and YF28-1 (8) strains can provide a more effective method for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in permafrost regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shiweng Li
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Faegheh Moazeni
- School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg University, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
| | - Yunshi Li
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongna Wu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Binglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiukun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
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17
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Xie LY, Lin ED, Zhao HL, Feng YX. Changes in the activities of starch metabolism enzymes in rice grains in response to elevated CO2 concentration. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:727-736. [PMID: 26433368 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The global atmospheric CO(2) concentration is currently (2012) 393.1 μmol mol(-1), an increase of approximately 42 % over pre-industrial levels. In order to understand the responses of metabolic enzymes to elevated CO(2) concentrations, an experiment was conducted using the Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE )system. Two conventional japonica rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) grown in North China, Songjing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2, were used in this study. The activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase, soluble and granule-bound starch synthases, and soluble and granule-bound starch branching enzymes were measured in rice grains, and the effects of elevated CO(2) on the amylose and protein contents of the grains were analyzed. The results showed that elevated CO(2) levels significantly increased the activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylase at day 8, 24, and 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 56.67 % for Songjing 9 and 21.31 % for Daohuaxiang 2. Similarly, the activities of starch synthesis enzymes increased significantly from the day 24 after flower to the day 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 36.81 % for Songjing 9 and 66.67 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in soluble starch synthase (SSS), and 25.00 % for Songjing 9 and 36.44 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), respectively. The elevated CO(2) concentration significantly increased the activity of soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE) at day 16, 32, and 40 after flower, and also significantly increased the activity of granule-bound starch branching enzyme (GBSBE) at day 8, 32, and 40 after flower. The elevated CO(2) concentration increased the peak values of enzyme activity, and the timing of the activity peaks for SSS and GBSBE were earlier in Songjing 9 than in Daohuaxiang 2. There were obvious differences in developmental stages between the two varieties of rice, which indicated that the elevated CO(2) concentration increased enzyme activity expression and starch synthesis, affecting the final contents of starch and protein in the rice grains. Our results will provide a foundation for understanding the physiological mechanisms of rice yield under elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yong Xie
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China.
| | - Er-Da Lin
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
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18
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Shen QJ, Kassim H, Huang Y, Li H, Zhang J, Li G, Wang PY, Yan J, Ye F, Liu JL. Filamentation of Metabolic Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:393-404. [PMID: 27312010 PMCID: PMC4920916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentation via filamentation has recently emerged as a novel mechanism for metabolic regulation. In order to identify filament-forming metabolic enzymes systematically, we performed a genome-wide screening of all strains available from an open reading frame-GFP collection in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We discovered nine novel filament-forming proteins and also confirmed those identified previously. From the 4159 strains, we found 23 proteins, mostly metabolic enzymes, which are capable of forming filaments in vivo. In silico protein-protein interaction analysis suggests that these filament-forming proteins can be clustered into several groups, including translational initiation machinery and glucose and nitrogen metabolic pathways. Using glutamine-utilising enzymes as examples, we found that the culture conditions affect the occurrence and length of the metabolic filaments. Furthermore, we found that two CTP synthases (Ura7p and Ura8p) and two asparagine synthetases (Asn1p and Asn2p) form filaments both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Live imaging analyses suggest that metabolic filaments undergo sub-diffusion. Taken together, our genome-wide screening identifies additional filament-forming proteins in S. cerevisiae and suggests that filamentation of metabolic enzymes is more general than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ji Shen
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Hakimi Kassim
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Yong Huang
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Li
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Guang Li
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Yan
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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19
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Li R, Kou X, Xie L, Cheng F, Geng H. Effects of ambient PM2.5 on pathological injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic enzyme activity, and expression of c-fos and c-jun in lungs of rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:20167-76. [PMID: 26304807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with morbidity and mortality induced by respiratory diseases and increases the lung cancer risk. However, the mechanisms therein involved are not yet fully clarified. In this study, the PM2.5 suspensions at different dosages (0.375, 1.5, 6.0, and 24.0 mg/kg body weight) were respectively given to rats by the intratracheal instillation. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure induced inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperemia in the lung tissues and increased the inflammatory cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, PM2.5 significantly elevated the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and the expression of c-fos and c-jun in rat lungs exposed to higher dose of PM2.5. These changes were accompanied by decreases of activities of superoxide dismutase and increases of levels of malondialdehyde, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cytochrome P450s, and glutathione S-transferase. The results implicated that acute exposure to PM2.5 induced pathologically pulmonary changes, unchained inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, activated metabolic enzyme activity, and enhanced proto-oncogene expression, which might be one of the possible mechanisms by which PM2.5 pollution induces lung injury and may be the important determinants for the susceptibility to respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Kou
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- Shanxi Qingyuan Environmental Consultation Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqin Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Coal Waste Resources, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Geng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Thormann U, Hänggi R, Kreuter M, Imanidis G. Membrane transport of nobilin conjugation products and use of the extract of Chamomillae romanae flos influence absorption of nobilin in the Caco-2 model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 70:92-106. [PMID: 25477003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of bioconjugation and carrier mediated efflux of conjugation products in the absorption mechanism of the sesquiterpene lactone nobilin in the Caco-2 model in vitro and to elucidate the impact of the extract of Chamomillae romanae flos and its ingredients on absorption. Transport experiments with inhibitors of P-gp, BCRP, and MRPs were performed to detect efflux and its connection to bioconversion and the effect of different ingredients of the plant extract on absorption processes was determined. Permeability, transport and bioconversion parameter values were deduced by kinetic multi-compartment modeling. Nobilin exhibited high permeability, low relative absorption and fast bioconversion producing glucuronide, cysteine conjugate, and glutathione conjugate that were transported by P-gp (the first two), apical MRP2 and basal MRP3 and possibly MRP1 out of the cell. Inhibition of efflux resulted in diminished bioconjugation and improved absorption. The extract increased the relative fraction absorbed primarily by directly inhibiting bioconversion, and by reducing efflux. Individual extract ingredients could only partly explain this effect. Extensive bioconversion, hence, limited absorption of nobilin in the Caco-2 model and the interplay between conjugation and efflux was shown to provide a possible mechanism for absorption increase. Plant extract increased absorption by this mechanism in addition to metabolic enzyme inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Thormann
- Institute of Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Hänggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Kreuter
- Alpinia Laudanum Institute of Phytopharmaceutical Sciences AG, Walenstadt, Switzerland
| | - G Imanidis
- Institute of Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Jia LT, Zhang R, Shen L, Yang AG. Regulators of carcinogenesis: emerging roles beyond their primary functions. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:75-82. [PMID: 25448403 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are characterized by aberrant cell signaling that results in accelerated proliferation, suppressed cell death, and reprogrammed metabolism to provide sufficient energy and intermediate metabolites for macromolecular biosynthesis. Here, we summarize the emerging "unconventional" roles of these regulators based on their newly identified interaction partners, different subcellular localizations, and/or structural variants. For example, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates DNA synthesis, microRNA maturation and drug resistance by interacting with previously undescribed partners; cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) crosstalk with multiple canonical pathways by phosphorylating novel substrates or by functioning as transcriptional factors; apoptosis executioners play extensive roles in necroptosis, autophagy, and in the self-renewal of stem cells; and various metabolic enzymes and their mutants control carcinogenesis independently of their enzymatic activity. These recent findings will supplement the systemic functional annotation of cancer regulators and provide new rationales for potential molecular targeted cancer treatments.
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22
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Wang WB, Yang Y, Zhao YP, Zhang TP, Liao Q, Shu H. Recent studies of 5-fluorouracil resistance in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15682-15690. [PMID: 25400452 PMCID: PMC4229533 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i42.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an important anticancer drug, is a serious challenge in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) 5 and MRP8, rather than P-glycoprotein, play important roles in 5-FU transport. Thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidine phosphorylase are four key enzymes involved in 5-FU metabolism. Other metabolic enzymes, including uridine monophosphate synthetase, also contribute to chemoresistance. Intracellular signaling pathways are an integrated network, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases are signaling pathways that are particularly relevant to 5-FU resistance. In addition, recent reports indicate that STAT-3 is a crucial survival protein. Proteomic assays provide a powerful tool for identifying target proteins and understanding the role of microRNAs and stromal factors to facilitate the development of strategies to combat 5-FU resistance.
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Jiang Q, Zhang W, Tan H, Pan D, Yang Y, Ren Q, Yang J. Analysis of gene expression changes, caused by exposure to nitrite, in metabolic and antioxidant enzymes in the red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 104:423-428. [PMID: 24680578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of acute exposure to nitrite on expression of antioxidant and metabolic enzyme genes in gill tissue of advanced juvenile Cherax quadricarinatus. A 48h nitrite exposure was conducted, using four test concentrations (NO2-N=0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg L(-1)) plus a control group. The relative mRNA expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD), cytosolic MnSOD (cMnSOD), extracellular copper/zinc SOD (exCu/ZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), arginine kinase (AK), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunit and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in gill tissue was measured. Significantly increased mRNA expression was observed for all the antioxidant enzymes after 12 and 24h. After 48h, they all decreased at high nitrite concentrations. The gene expression levels of AK, GDH, mMDH and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α-subunit showed similar trends as the antioxidant enzymes. Significant depression of gene expression levels of PEPCK occurred throughout the experimental time at high nitrite concentrations. The results indicated that nitrite could induce oxidative and metabolic stress in C. quadricarinatus, in a time dependent manner, which suggests they could be helpful in predicting sublethal nitrite toxicity and useful in environmental monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hongyue Tan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dongmei Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Live Food, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Pandelides Z, Guchardi J, Holdway D. Dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) alters metabolic enzyme activity and the effects of 17β-estradiol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 101:168-176. [PMID: 24507142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), a resin acid present in pulp and paper mill effluent, affects liver energy metabolism and may have anti-estrogenic effects in fish. A chronic-exposure toxicity experiment using immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was conducted in order to assess the endocrine disrupting and liver metabolic effects of the model estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) and the wood extractives DHAA and β-sitosterol (BS), regularly present in pulp and paper mill effluents. Exposure to 5ppm of E2 significantly increased hepatosomatic index (HSI), vitellogenin (VTG) and plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). This latter effect was reduced by mixing E2 with DHAA, indicating that DHAA does not cause its endocrine disrupting effects indirectly due to liver damage. Exposure to 0.5ppm of DHAA as well as all the DHAA mixed treatments caused significant increases in liver citrate synthase (CS), activity after 7 days, however, the fish returned to control values by 28 days. Results indicate that DHAA may alter metabolic enzyme activity as well as alter the effects of E2 in juvenile rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pandelides
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4
| | - J Guchardi
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4
| | - D Holdway
- University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4.
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