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Tang X, Deng J, He C, Xu Y, Bai S, Guo Z, Du G, Ouyang D, Sun X. Application of in-silico approaches in subunit vaccines: Overcoming the challenges of antigen and adjuvant development. J Control Release 2025; 381:113629. [PMID: 40086761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines are crucial in preventing modern diseases due to their safety, stability, and ability to elicit targeted immune responses. However, challenges in antigen and adjuvant design hinder their development. Recent advancements in in-silico approaches, including reverse vaccinology, structural vaccinology, and machine learning, have revolutionized vaccine development from empirical practices to rational design approaches. This review summarizes the transformative impact of in-silico approaches on subunit vaccine development. We address the challenges of antigen identification and designation, highlighting how advanced computational techniques are employed to accelerate antigen acquisition. We also examine the challenges in adjuvant discovery and illustrate how machine learning helps overcome these barriers. Finally, we explore potential future directions for subunit vaccines, highlighting the importance of combining computational methods with other technologies to tackle the challenges associated with subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chunting He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuting Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaofei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China; DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Chen JY, Deng Y, Liu J, Wen X, Cao YQ, Mu Y, Sun M, Miao C, Peng Z, Lu K, Wang YL, Chen X, Pang S, Wang D, Zhou J, Li M, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Lang YF, Yan QG, Huang X, Du S, Wang Y, Han X, Cao SJ, Zhao Q. Development and Characterization of a Recombinant galT-galU Protein for Broad-Spectrum Immunoprotection Against Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3634. [PMID: 40332240 PMCID: PMC12027175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 04/05/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), is a highly contagious disease that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Current vaccines are ineffective due to the presence of multiple serotypes and the absence of a predominant seasonal serotype, underscoring the need for vaccines with broad-spectrum protection. Previous studies identified galT and galU as promising antigen candidates. In this study, we expressed and characterized a soluble recombinant galT-galU protein (rgalT-galU) from the pET-28a-galT-galU plasmid. The protein, with a molecular weight of 73 kDa, exhibited pronounced immunogenicity in murine models, as indicated by a significant elevation in IgG titers determined through an indirect ELISA. This immune response was further corroborated by substantial antigen-specific splenic lymphocyte proliferation, with a stimulation index of 51.5%. Immunization also resulted in elevated serum cytokines levels of IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ, as detected by cytokine assays. Vaccination with rgalT-galU provided immunoprotection against three predominant APP strains (APP1, APP5b, and APP7), achieving protection rates of 71.4%, 71.4%, and 85.7%, respectively. It also effectively mitigated pulmonary lesions and neutrophil infiltration, as verified by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. These results indicate that rgalT-galU is a promising candidate for developing cross-protective subunit vaccines against APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yong Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Deng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiale Liu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Qin Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Mu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mengke Sun
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chang Miao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhiling Peng
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Luo Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xizhu Chen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Siyu Pang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Miaohan Li
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.-Y.C.); (Y.D.); (J.L.); (X.W.); (Y.-Q.C.); (Y.M.); (M.S.); (Z.P.); (K.L.); (Y.-L.W.); (X.C.); (S.P.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.); (S.D.); (Y.W.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China;
- International Joint Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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Sala L, Ciniselli CM, Bozzi F, Summo V, Bonini C, Brich S, Bertolotti A, Trupia DV, Volpi CC, Pizzamiglio S, Paolini B, Aiello A, Apolone G, Verderio P, Cortinovis U. Periprosthetic effusions surrounding breast expander: a flow cytometric, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024; 110:49-59. [PMID: 37574933 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231189532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The synthesis of the periprosthetic capsule during implant-based breast reconstruction is the result of a coordinate cascade of inflammatory events ending in a fibrous tissue deposition around the expander or implant. Although the development of small volumes of fluid is one of the complications of prosthetic-based breast reconstruction, the characterization of the periprosthetic effusions coupled with the micro-textured devices, that have been recently introduced after the recall of macro-textured ones, is still lacking. The investigation of these periprosthetic effusions and paired capsules in terms of immunological content were the primary and secondary aims of the present study, respectively. METHODS For this, 68 women, 41 of whom had periprosthetic effusions at the time of expander replacement with implant, were recruited. For each case, capsule and healthy dermal tissues were taken and for women with periprosthetic effusion, peripheral blood was also collected. Periprosthetic effusions and peripheral blood were characterized by cytometry while capsules and dermal tissues by immunohistochemistry and Nanostring analysis. RESULTS The results showed an increase of Th1, Th2 lymphocytes and a HLA-DR+bright CD16+ cells (likely representing monocytes-derived macrophages) in periprosthetic effusions in respect to peripheral blood. These pro-inflammatory cells were counterbalanced by the gain of suppressive CD4 Treg cells. In the corresponding capsules, immunohistochemistry revealed the absence of Th1 cells and the presence of tissutal FOXP3 Treg. No significant difference in expression of inflammatory-related genes between capsules and dermal tissues was present. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the presence of a Treg-controlled inflammation in both periprosthetic effusions and capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sala
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Maura Ciniselli
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Fabio Bozzi
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Valeria Summo
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Unit of laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Silvia Brich
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertolotti
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Desiré Viola Trupia
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Costanza Volpi
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Sara Pizzamiglio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Antonella Aiello
- Department of Diagnostics Innovation, Pathology Unit 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Apolone
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Unit of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Umberto Cortinovis
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
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